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Cranial Nerves Dr. Sam David There are 12 Cranial Nerves: I. CNS Olfactory VII. Facial II. Optic VIII. Vestibulocochlear III. Oculomotor IX. Glossopharyngeal IV. Trochlear X. Vagus V. Trigeminal XI. Spinal Accessory VI. Abducens XII. Hypoglossal Cranial nerves are made up of one or more of these 3 components: Motor Sensory Parasympathetic Preganglionic parasympathetic Nucleus Motor Nucleus Parasympathetic ganglion Sensory Ganglion Cranial Nerve I NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION Olfactory nerves terminate in Olfactory bulbs Olfaction or Sense of Smell (Roof of Nasal cavity) Olfactory S Olfactory epithelium Cranial Nerve II NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION Lateral geniculate nucleus Î Visual cortex Vision Superior colliculus Visual reflexes (Retina) Optic S Retinal Ganglion Cells Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Cranial Nerve III NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION -All extra-ocular muscles except SO and LR Eye movements -Levetor palpabrae (Upper eye-lid) Opening eye (Midbrain) Oculomotor M PS Oculomotor Nu. Edinger-Wesphal Nucleus Constrictor pupillae Pupillary constriction Ciliary ganglion Ciliary muscles Accommodation Ciliary ganglion Cranial Nerve IV NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION Superior Oblique (opposite side) Downward & outward movement of eye (Midbrain) Trochlear M Trochlear nu. Cranial Nerve V NAME TYPE Trigeminal S M ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION Skin of face, forehead, scalp Mucosa of oral, nasal cavities & sinuses Trig. Ganglion Chief Sensory Nu. Of V Nu. of Spinal tract of V Gen. sensory Teeth, TM joint, muscles of mastication Trig. Ganglion Mesencephalic Nu. of V Deep joint sense Muscle stretch Motor Nu. of V Muscles of Mastication Chewing Chief sensory Nu Nu. of Spinal tract of V Cranial Nerve VI NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION Lateral Oblique Outward eye movement (Pons) Abducens M Abducens nu. Cranial Nerve VII NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION Facial M Facial motor Nu. z Muscles Facial expression S Taste buds Ant. 2/3 of tongue, hard & soft palate of facial expression z Stapedius Solitary nucleus Spinal tract of V Reduces sound transmission Taste Gen Sensations Skin around ear Geniculate ganglion PS -Sup. Salivatory Nu. -Lacrimal Nu. - Pterygopalatine gang Lacrimal gland Mucous membrane of nasopharynx, hard & soft palate Submandibular & sublingual PS ganglia Submandibular & sublingual glands Secretion of tears, saliva & mucous Cranial Nerve VIII NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION (Pons/Medulla) Vestibulocochlear S Organ of Corti Cochlear nuclei Hearing Vestibular nuclei Balance & equilibrium Spiral ganglion Vest. apparatus Vest. Ganglion Organ of Corti Cranial Nerve IX NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION Stylopharyngeus Muscle Swallowing (Medulla) Glossopharyngeal M Nu. Ambiguus S Taste buds post. 1/3 of tongue Inferior ganglion Ear Upper pharynx Posterior tongue Superior ganglion Viscera of thorax & abdomen Carotid sinus & Carotid body Inferior ganglion PS Inf. Salivatory Nu. Otic ganglion Taste Solitary nucleus Solitary nucleus Spinal tract of V General sensations Swallowing, Gag reflex General sensations Solitary nucleus Monitors blood pressure & O2 tension Partoid gland Secretions Cranial Nerve X NAME TYPE ORIGIN TERMINATION FUNCTION Vagus M Nu. Ambiguus Striated muscles of the larynx & Pharynx Voice Swallowing S Mucosa of Pharynx, larynx, Thoracic & abdominal viscera Sup. & Inf. ganglia Aortic arch & arotic body Inferior ganglion PS Dorsal motor nucleus of X visceral ganglia Spinal tract of V Solitary nucleus Solitary nucleus Smooth muscles of thoracic and abdominal organs Visceral sensations O2 tension & blood pressure Contraction of smooth muscles of viscera Cranial Nerve XI NAME TYPE ORIGINS TERMINATION FUNCTION Ventral gray C1-C4 Trapezius & Sternocleidomastoid Movement of head & neck Nu. Ambiguus Soft palate & Larynx Movements of soft palate and larynx (Spinal cord) Accessory M Cranial Nerve XII NAME TYPE ORIGINS TERMINATION FUNCTION Muscles of tongue Movements of tongue (Medulla) Hypoglossal M Hypoglossal Nucleus Sensory Motor/PS