Download Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves
Dr. Sam David
There are 12 Cranial Nerves:
I.
CNS
Olfactory
VII. Facial
II. Optic
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
III. Oculomotor
IX. Glossopharyngeal
IV. Trochlear
X. Vagus
V. Trigeminal
XI. Spinal Accessory
VI. Abducens
XII. Hypoglossal
Cranial nerves are made up of one or more of
these 3 components:
Motor
Sensory
Parasympathetic
Preganglionic
parasympathetic Nucleus
Motor
Nucleus
Parasympathetic ganglion
Sensory Ganglion
Cranial Nerve I
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Olfactory nerves
terminate in
Olfactory bulbs
Olfaction or
Sense of
Smell
(Roof of Nasal cavity)
Olfactory
S
Olfactory
epithelium
Cranial Nerve II
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Î Visual cortex
Vision
Superior colliculus
Visual reflexes
(Retina)
Optic
S
Retinal Ganglion
Cells
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Cranial Nerve III
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
-All extra-ocular
muscles except
SO and LR
Eye
movements
-Levetor palpabrae
(Upper eye-lid)
Opening eye
(Midbrain)
Oculomotor
M
PS
Oculomotor Nu.
Edinger-Wesphal
Nucleus
Constrictor pupillae
Pupillary
constriction
Ciliary ganglion
Ciliary muscles
Accommodation
Ciliary ganglion
Cranial Nerve IV
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Superior Oblique
(opposite side)
Downward &
outward movement
of eye
(Midbrain)
Trochlear
M
Trochlear nu.
Cranial Nerve V
NAME
TYPE
Trigeminal S
M
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Skin of face, forehead, scalp
Mucosa of oral, nasal cavities
& sinuses
Trig. Ganglion
Chief Sensory Nu. Of V
Nu. of Spinal tract of V
Gen. sensory
Teeth, TM joint, muscles of
mastication
Trig. Ganglion
Mesencephalic Nu. of V
Deep joint sense
Muscle stretch
Motor Nu. of V
Muscles of Mastication
Chewing
Chief sensory Nu
Nu. of Spinal tract of V
Cranial Nerve VI
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Lateral Oblique
Outward eye movement
(Pons)
Abducens
M
Abducens nu.
Cranial Nerve VII
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Facial
M
Facial motor Nu.
z Muscles
Facial expression
S
Taste buds Ant. 2/3 of tongue,
hard & soft palate
of facial
expression
z Stapedius
Solitary nucleus
Spinal tract of V
Reduces sound
transmission
Taste
Gen Sensations
Skin around ear
Geniculate ganglion
PS
-Sup. Salivatory Nu.
-Lacrimal Nu.
- Pterygopalatine gang
Lacrimal gland
Mucous membrane of
nasopharynx, hard &
soft palate
Submandibular &
sublingual PS ganglia
Submandibular &
sublingual glands
Secretion of tears,
saliva & mucous
Cranial Nerve VIII
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
(Pons/Medulla)
Vestibulocochlear
S
Organ of Corti
Cochlear nuclei
Hearing
Vestibular nuclei
Balance &
equilibrium
Spiral ganglion
Vest. apparatus
Vest. Ganglion
Organ of Corti
Cranial Nerve IX
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Stylopharyngeus
Muscle
Swallowing
(Medulla)
Glossopharyngeal
M
Nu. Ambiguus
S
Taste buds post.
1/3 of tongue
Inferior ganglion
Ear
Upper pharynx
Posterior tongue
Superior ganglion
Viscera of thorax &
abdomen
Carotid sinus &
Carotid body
Inferior ganglion
PS
Inf. Salivatory Nu.
Otic ganglion
Taste
Solitary nucleus
Solitary nucleus
Spinal tract of V
General sensations
Swallowing,
Gag reflex
General sensations
Solitary nucleus
Monitors blood
pressure & O2 tension
Partoid gland
Secretions
Cranial Nerve X
NAME
TYPE
ORIGIN
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Vagus
M
Nu. Ambiguus
Striated muscles of the
larynx &
Pharynx
Voice
Swallowing
S
Mucosa of Pharynx,
larynx,
Thoracic & abdominal
viscera
Sup. & Inf. ganglia
Aortic arch &
arotic body
Inferior ganglion
PS
Dorsal motor
nucleus of X
visceral ganglia
Spinal tract of V
Solitary nucleus
Solitary nucleus
Smooth muscles of
thoracic and abdominal
organs
Visceral sensations
O2 tension &
blood pressure
Contraction of smooth
muscles of viscera
Cranial Nerve XI
NAME
TYPE
ORIGINS
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Ventral gray
C1-C4
Trapezius &
Sternocleidomastoid
Movement of
head & neck
Nu. Ambiguus
Soft palate & Larynx
Movements of soft
palate and larynx
(Spinal cord)
Accessory
M
Cranial Nerve XII
NAME
TYPE
ORIGINS
TERMINATION
FUNCTION
Muscles of tongue
Movements of
tongue
(Medulla)
Hypoglossal
M
Hypoglossal
Nucleus
Sensory
Motor/PS