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ICSE-X GEOGRAPHY 2011
PART—I (30 Marks)
(Attempt all questions from this Part)
Question 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D/10 and answer
the following questions:
(a) Give the six figure grid reference of:
(i) the brick kiln
(ii) the temple near Asav.
[2]
(b) What is the difference in the pattern of drainage in grid square 0916 and in
0712 ?
[2]
(c) Give the four figure grid reference of each of the following :
(i) Stony waste
(ii) Open scrub.
[2]
(d) Calculate the distance in kilometres along the metalled road between the
causeways in grid square 0512 and 0808.
[2]
(e) (i) What do the tiny curved black lines in grid square 0315 indicate ?
(ii) What is the main cause for this feature ?
[2]
(f) (i) What is the geographical name that you would give to the general
pattern of settlements in the region shown on the map ?
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
(g) What is the general direction of flow of the Sipu Nadi, given in the map
extract ? Give a reason to support your answer.
[2]
(h) Name two probable occupations of the people in the settlement of Revdar in
grid square 0313 and 0413.
[2]
(i) What kind of roads connect (i) Marol with Milan and (ii) Revdar with
Karaunti respectively ?
[2]
(j) Give two reasons to show that the area depicted in the map experiences
seasonal rainfall.
Answer 1.
(a) (i) 089132
(ii) 059128
(b) 0916 trellis 0712 radial
(c) (i) 1014
(ii) 0816,0916
(d) 5-5 kms
(e) (i) broken ground
(ii) caused due to erosion during heavy rain at the time of flooding.
(f) (i) nucleated
(ii) people build their houses in areas where there are wells and they can do
some farming. This is shown by yellow colour on the map.
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(g) north east to south west. An arrow in the bed of the river indicates this.
(h) farming and cattle grazing.
(i) (i) Marol to Milan cart track.
(ii) Revdar to Karaunti metalled road
(j) broken ground and stiples in the river.
Question 2.
On the outline map of India provided:
(a) mark and name Kochi.
[1]
(b) label the river Krishna.
[1]
(c) shade and label the Malwa Plateau.
[1]
(d) mark and label the Konkan Coast.
[1]
(e) shade and label the Gulf of Mannar.
[1]
(f) shade and label an alluvial soil area in Peninsular India.
[1]
(g) mark with arrows the direction of the Arabian Sea branch of South West
Monsoon Winds.
[1]
(h) shade and label the Western Ghats.
[1]
(i) mark the Jharia coalfield.
[1]
(j) shade and name a densely populated area.
[1]
Answer 2.
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PART—II (50 Marks)
(Attempt any five questions from this Part)
Question 3.
(a) Give two important characteristics of the summer monsoon rainfall in India.[2]
(b) 'Rainfall in India is Orographic in nature.' Give an example with reference to
the distribution of rainfall and the effect of relief on its distribution.
[2]
(c) Give a reason to explain why(i) the coastal areas of India do not experience a significant variation in
temperature between summer and winter months:
(ii) the annual rainfall in Rajasthan is less than 25 cm.
(iii) the Coromandel coast gets most of its rain during the winter season. [3]
(d) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow :
Month
Temperature °C
Rainfall cm
Jan
24.5
4.6
Feb
25.7
1.8
Mar
27.7
1.3
Apr
20.4
1.8
May
30.0
3.8
Jun
32.5
4.5
Jul
31.0
8.7
Aug
30.2
11.3
(i) Name the driest month.
(ii) Calculate the annual rainfall experienced by the station.
(iii) What is the annual range of temperature ?
Sep
29.8
11.9
Oct
28.0
30.6
Nov
25.9
35.0
Dec
24.7
13.9
[3]
Answer 3.
(a) Two important characteristics of the summer monsoon rainfall in India are as
follows :
(i) The monsoon rainfall in India is unevenly spread and sparadic. Thus
places like the western Ghats receive heavy rainfall of more than 200
cm whereas the desert regions of Rajasthan receive scanty rainfall of
less than 50 cm a year.
(ii) Monsoon rainfall in India is orographic in nature. Thus the windward
slopes of the Western Ghats receive more rain than the leeward slopes.
(b) Relief plays a very important role in the distribution of rainfall in India. The
windward slopes of the Western Ghats obstructs the moist winds from the sea
and causes heavy rainfall. While the leeward slopes remain dry.
(c) (i) The coastal areas of India do not experience a significant variation in
temperature between summer and winter months due to the effect of
land and sea breeze caused by differential rate of heating and cooling of
the land and sea which results in an equable and moderate climatic
condition.
(ii) The Arabian sea branch of the South West Monsoon which blows
towards the Gujarat coast goes unhindered towards the Himalayas. The
Aravalli Hills lie parallel to the winds and offers no obstacle to the
winds. Rajasthan therefore, remains dry. The Bay of Bengal branch
which blows from the east sheds its rain on the way and gets dry by the
time it reaches the west. Rajasthan also lies in the rain shadow of the
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Aravalli range. Hence Rajasthan gets little rain overall about 25 cm.
(iii) The Coromandel coast remains dry during the Summer Monsoon season
because it is located parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch and lies in the
leeward side of the Arabian Sea branch. However during the Retreating
Monsoon Season, a low pressure condition prevails in the centre of Bay
of Bengal and is marked by cyclonic depressions. These cyclonic
depressions move from north east to south west and result in heavy
rainfall.
(d) (i) The driest month is March (1-3 cm).
(ii) The annual rainfall experienced by the station is 129-2 cm.
(iii) The annual range of temperature is 12-1°C.
Question 4.
(a) Name two states in India where Regur soil is found.
In what way does Regur soil help agriculture ?
[2]
(b) Mention two main characteristics of Laterite soil.
[2]
(c) State the difference between Alluvial soils found in the lower courses and the
upper courses of rivers.
[3]
(d) Name two important agents of erosion.
For each, state one method of controlling the erosion caused.
[3]
Answer 4.
(a) Two states in India which has Regur soil are Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Regur soil has high quantities of lime, iron and magnesium. Moreover it is
clayey in nature which makes it highly retentive of moisture. These
characteristics make the soil suitable for different types of crops like cotton,
jowar, wheat, sugarcane, linseed and grass.
(b) (i) Coarse, porous leached soil.
(ii) Poor in Lime, Nitrogen, Magnesium and low moisture retentive infertile
soil.
(c) Difference between alluvial soils in the upper and lower courses of the rivers:
Upper course
Lower course
(i) It is coarser i.e. particles bigger in
It is finer and finest in the lowest
size.
section.
(ii) It is dry, less compact.
It is more moist and more compact.
(d) The two important agents of erosion are :
(i) Water (ii) Wind.
Methods of Controlling Erosion :
(i) Erosion by water : During heavy downpours deep 'gullies' are made on
account of water run off. Gully erosion can be stopped by plugging it with
stones and pebbles or quick growing grasses can be grown in gullies to stop
its expansion.
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(ii) Erosion by wind : Wind erosion reduces the productive capacity of the soil
by removing the loose particles of soil with the high velocity wind. The
nutrients required by the plants are taken away by the wind. Therefore more
and more trees should be planted along the edges of the field, the waste land
and also on the steep slopes. If it is difficult to grow trees, grass should be
grown but no land should be left devoid of plants.
Question 5.
(a) What are 'Tidal forests' ? Name two typical trees found there.
[2]
(b) Write two main characteristics of the Deciduous Monsoon Forests.
[2]
(c) Name the type of forests found in the western part of the Western Ghats.
Give two reasons why these forests are so named.
[3]
(d) Mention three methods for the conservation and development of forests in
India.
[3]
Answer 5.
(a) Tidal forests are found in wet marshy areas, in river deltas in saline or
swampy areas along the sea coast. These forests consists of evergreen species
with stilt roots which are submerged under water.
Two typical trees found there are Sundri and Casuarina.
(b) Two characteristics of Deciduous Monsoon Forests are :
(i) The trees in these forests shed their leaves from six to eight weeks
during spring and early summer.
(ii) The trees in these forests occur in pure stand which makes it suitable for
commercial exploitation.
(c) The tropical evergreen forests are found in the western part of the Western
Ghats. The trees are named tropical evergreen forests because :
The trees in these forests do not have a fixed time to shed their leaves. Thus
they appear evergreen throughout the year. Moreover these forests receive
very heavy rainfall. The high humidity experienced by these forests does not
necessitate the trees to shed their leaves during a particular part of the year, to
check the loss of moisture through evapotranspiration. Thus the forests
appear evergreen, as they do not shed their leaves during a particular time of
the year.
(d) Three methods for the conservation and development of forests :
(i) Grow more trees or Vana Mahotasava.
(ii) Forests regions are being declared "Reserved Sanctuaries" to preserve
the ecosystem and protect animals.
iii) Afforestation and Reafforestation : Afforestation is the planting of more
trees and Reafforestation is to plant trees in place of those which are cut
down. The policy of the Government is to plant two trees in place of
every one tree that is cut.
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Question 6.
(a) Name two states in which well irrigation is widely used.
Mention one advantages of well irrigation in India.
(b) Mention two disadvantages of tank irrigation.
(c) Give three reasons to justify the need to conserve water.
(d) Mention any three water harvesting systems practised in India.
[2]
[2]
[3]
[3]
Answer 6.
(a) Two states in which well irrigation is widely used are Uttar Pradesh and
Rajasthan. One advantage of well irrigation is that it is the simplest and the
cheapest source of irrigation, that can be dug at any convenient place.
(b) Two disadvantages of tank irrigation are :
(i) Tanks occupy large surface area, which could otherwise have been used
for cultivation.
(ii) Many tanks dry up during the dry season and fail to provide water for
irrigation.
(c) The need to conserve water can be stated as follows :
(i) The over exploitations of underground water often results in the
lowering of water table.
(ii) Water resources like the river, lakes and underground water are polluted
and their water can be hardly used without adequate treatment.
(iii) The increase in population with the progress of time results in water
scarcity.
(d) (i) The simplest rainwater harvesting technique is the check dam. It is a
small barrier built across streams. They store water during the monsoons
which can then be used for irrigation etc.
(ii) Another rainwater harvesting technique is the storage tank kept
underground and connected to the pipe coming down from the roof. The
rain water enters the tank through a filter which removes leaves and
other debris. The system contains a pump which pushes or sucks the
rain water back into the house which is then delivered to the garden,
washing clothes etc.
(iii) Another rainwater collection system is the Garden Watersaver diverter
(GWS). It is a downspout rainwater diverter which simplifies the
collection of rain water. It has advantages over other rainwater
collection systems in that it instals in minutes and deactivates in seconds
during winter when stored water isn't much needed.
Question 7.
(a) What grade of iron-ore is mostly mined in India ?
Name two leading iron-ore producing states.
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(b) What is lignite ? Name the two areas where lignite is found in India.
(c) Name the leading producer of manganese in India.
Same two important industrial uses of manganese.
(d) Name the two states where limestone is found.
Mention two important uses of limestone.
[2]
[3]
[3]
Answer 7.
(a) Haematite variety of iron ore is mostly mined in India. Chhattisgarh and
Jharkhand are two leading iron ore producing states of India.
(b) Lignite refers to inferior variety coal which contains about 40% of carbon
and a good amount of moisture and less of combustible matter.
Two states where lignite is found are Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
(c) Orissa is the leading producer of Manganese in India.
Two important industrial uses of Manganese are :
(i) It is an important raw material for iron and steel industry which is used
to make steel tough and resistant to rusting.
(ii) Manganese is used in the manufacturing of black enamel in chemical
industries for the manufacturing of bleaching powder, electrical and
glass industries.
(d) Limestone is found in Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand. Two important uses of
limestone are :
(i) Limestone is used as flux in the iron and steel industry.
(ii) It is used in production of chemicals such as bleaching powder, caustic
soda, glass, fertilizers etc.
Question 8.
(a) Mention any two problems of agriculture in India.
(b) State two geographical requirements for the growth of wheat in India.
(c) With references to the cultivation of coffee in Southern India :
(i) Name the two varieties of coffee plants grown on commercial scale
(ii) Why are coffee estates inter-planted with orange trees, cardamom
pepper vines ?
(iii) Name one state where coffee is grown extensively.
(d) Explain the following terms :
(i) Withering
(ii) Plantation Farming
(iii) Drilling
[2]
[2]
and
[3]
[3]
Answer 8.
(a) Two problems of agriculture in India are :
Soil erosion is a major cause for decreasing soil fertility and also loss of
valuable crop land.
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Agriculture in India is dependent on monsoon rainfall. Over 60% of the net
cropped area lacks irrigation facilities.
(b) The geographical requirements for the growth of wheat in India are as
follows:
Temperature : Ideal temperature between 10°C - 15°C is suitable for sowing
and 20°C - 25 °C during harvest.
Rainfall: About 80 cm of annual rainfall is ideal for wheat cultivation.
Soil: Wheat grows best in well drained clayey block soil.
(c) (i) Two varieties of coffee plants grown on commercial scale in southern\
India are Coffee Robusta and Coffee Arabica..
(ii) Coffee estates are interplanted with orange trees, cardamon and pepper
vines as it provides shade to the coffee plants and provides
supplementary income to the farmers.
(iii) Karnataka.
(d) (i) Withering : The tea leaves are spread over shelves called withering
racks and hot air is blown over the leaves to reduce their moisture
content and to make them soft and flexible.
(ii) Plantation farming refers to single crop farming in large estates which
are scientifically managed. In plantation farming, crops are mainly
raised far sale.
(iii) Drilling refers to the dropping of rice seeds in a straightline at regular
intervals through a bamboo shaft attached to the plough which makes
farrows.
Question 9.
(a) Same and define two important by-products of the sugar industry.
[2]
(b) Give two reasons why the state of Punjab is the largest producer of wollen
textiles.
[2]
(c) Mention three main problems of the Jute textile industry in India.
[3]
(d) With reference to the cotton textile industry :
(i) Which is the country's most important manufacturing centre ?
(ii) State two geographical reasons for its importance.
[3]
Answer 9.
(a) (i) Bagasse : The left over cane, after crushing is used for producing steam
which is used as a source of power. It is also used for making card
boards and paper.
(ii) Molasses is used in alcohol industry for distillation of liquor, it is also
used for making synthetic rubber.
(b) Punjab is the largest producer of woollen textiles because :
(i) Raw materials is easily available.
(ii) Hydel power is available from Bhakra Nangal Project.
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(iii) Demand for product is high because of the cold winter.
(c) Three problems of jute industry are :
(i) Jute industry faces shortage of raw jute.
(ii) The jute industry has to face stiff competition from synthetic packing
material which are cheaper and durable.
(iii) Indian jute is produced by using obsolete machinery and in inefficient
and uneconomic units, as a result the price of jute is high.
(d) (i) Mumbai.
(ii) (1)
The hinterland of Mumbai has black Regur soil.
(2)
The humid climate of Mumbai favours the production of yarns of
finer quality.
Question 10.
(a) Which iron and steel industry of India is located away from the main coal
areas ? What is the main source of energy in the absence of coal ?
[2]
(b) Give two geographical reasons for the growth of IT industries in Bangalore.
[2]
(c) With reference to the Bokaro Steel Plant, from where does it get its
(i) coal
(ii) iron ore
(iii) water supply ?
[3]
(d) Name one important centre each for the production of the following :
(i) Tractors
(ii) Electronic goods
(iii) Petro chemicals.
[3]
Answer 10.
(a) Visveswaray a iron and steel plant is located away from the main coal
producing areas.
Forests on the Western Ghats supply charcoal which is the main source of
energy.
(b) The growth of IT industries in Bangalore is due to :
(i) Readily available world class IT infrastructure.
(ii) High concentration of IT companies and quality research and
development institution.
(c) (i) Coal from Bokaro and Jharia.
(ii) Iron ore from Bonaigarh and Noamundi.
(iii) Water supply from river Damodar.
(d) (i) Tractors - Faridabad
(ii) Electronic goods - Bangalore
(iii) Petro chemicals - Haldia.
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Question 11.
(a) Why is road transport favoured in the northern plains of India ?
[2]
(b) Give reasons to explain the lack of rail transport in Northern India.
[2]
(c) Name the following :
(i) An important inland waterway of north east India.
(ii) One expressway with its terminal cities.
(iii) A major port which is not located one the sea coast and is at a distance
of 128 km from the coast along the banks of a river.
[3]
(d) Mention two advantages and one disadvantage of air transport.
[3]
Answer 11.
(a) Road transport is favoured in the Northern plains due to its fertile soils and
the high density of population.
(b) Northern India has rugged relief and large number of rivers which makes
construction of railways expensive.
(i) The National Waterway No. 2 - The river Brahmaputra connecting
Dhubri – Guwahati - Dibrugarh.
(ii) The Sher Shah Suri Marg connecting Delhi and Amritsar.
(iii) Kolkataport.
(d) Two advantages of air transport are :
(i) It is the fastest and comfortable mode of transport. It connects the areas
of the country.
(ii) Air transport can move across mountain barriers, sandy deserts, large
expanses of water and forests.
One disadvantage of air transport is :
(i) It depends on weather conditions. Flights are often delayed due to bad
weather.
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