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According to Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory of development, the stage in which children begin to use
words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas is called the

concrete operational stage.

sensorimotor stage.

preoperational stage.

formal operational stage.
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A woman who was socialized from infancy to become a wife and mother settles comfortably into being a
homemaker in her twenties and early thirties. However, her husband dies suddenly, and she must enter the
paid labor force to support herself and her two children. This woman will most likely have to undergo a
process of

anticipatory socialization.

reverse socialization.

resocialization.

socialization.
Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal
relationships and social institutions?

Social disorganization theory

Labeling theory

Conflict theory

Cultural transmission theory
Which sociological perspective’s approach to deviance focuses on why rule violation continues to exist in
societies despite pressures to conform and obey?

Feminist perspective

Conflict perspective

Interactionist perspective

Functionalist perspective
Socialization is the process
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whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers.
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whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a
particular culture.

of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one’s life.

of mentally assuming the perspective of another.
An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to
define labels and apply them to others. This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power
as purported by the

conflict perspective.

functionalist perspective.

global perspective.

interactionist perspective.
The societal-reaction approach is also known as

the human-relations approach.

labeling theory.
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the anomie theory of deviance.

the dramaturgical approach.
Which of the following statements reflects a functionalist view of education as a socializing agent?

Schools can reinforce the divisive aspects of society, especially those of social class.

A teacher’s style may often influence classroom interaction.

Schools are frequently used by those in power to maintain their power and to continue the
subjugation of those with lower status.

Schools are responsible for teaching the values and norms of the larger society.
The social constructionist perspective is most closely affiliated with which other sociological explanation
of deviance?

Social disorganization theory

The anomie theory of deviance

Labeling theory

The theory of differential association
Early in life, a person learns to slant his or her presentation of the self to create distinctive appearances
and to satisfy particular audiences. This process is known as

reverse socialization.
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impression management.
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anticipatory socialization.
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face-work.
A young girl decides that she wants to become an Olympic swimmer. She takes swimming lessons, joins
her school’s swimming team, reads magazine articles about champion swimmers, and goes to swimming
meets at a nearby college. This is an example of

desocialization.

resocialization.

anticipatory socialization.

reverse socialization.
As primary agents of childhood socialization, schools play a critical role in teaching children the values
and customs of the larger society. This view of the socialization process is most likely of particular
importance to which sociological perspective?

Functionalist perspective

Global perspective

Interactionist perspective

CWhich of the following terms refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting
new ones as part of a transition in one’s life?

Anticipatory socialization

Resocialization

Desocialization

Role divestment
onflict perspective
Gender roles are

the biological characteristics of males and females, such as genital organs, hormones, and body
hair.
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the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females.

expectations about the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females.

universally consistent learned behaviors of males and females.
According to Charles Horton Cooley’s concept of the looking-glass self, development of one’s selfidentity based on misperceptions may lead to
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an increase in self-esteem.
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a negative self-identity.
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destruction of the looking-glass self.
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the sensorimotor stage of development.
The key event that marks the rite of passage into adulthood in the United States is
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reaching the legal drinking age.

getting married.
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celebrating one’s 18th birthday.
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completing formal schooling.
A teacher plans a trip to the theater for a junior high school class. As part of the preparation, the teacher
tells students how they should dress and how they will be expected to act inside the theater. This is an
example of

socialization.

the dramaturgical approach.

social promotion.

role taking.
s children grow older, their peer groups become more and more important relative to the influence of
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the mass media.
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religion.

the state.

the family.
The dramaturgical approach is

the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition
in one’s life.

a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers.
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a phrase used to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interaction with others.

a framework developed by George Herbert Mead.
Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to the child’s awareness of the attitudes,
viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole?

impression management

symbolic other

significant other

generalized other