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Semi-deponent verbs Present active participles Semi-Deponent Verbs are always active! We know that semi means half SO… …these verbs are only deponent half the time! Half of the forms LOOK active Half of the forms LOOK passive Semi-Deponent Verbs are always active! Remember how a regular 2nd conjugation verb looks in a synopsis? Active Present habet Imperfect habebat Future habebit Perfect habuit Pluperfect habuerat Fut. perf. habuerit Passive habetur habebatur habebitur habitus est habitus erat habitus erit Remember how a deponent 2nd conjugation verb looks in a synopsis? • No active forms! • Always translated as an active verb Passive Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Fut. per. veretur verebatur verebitur veritus est veritus erat Veritus erit What about principal parts of verbs? • • • • • Regular 1st sing. Pres. Act.habeo Pres. Act. Inf.habere 1st sing. Perf. Act.habui Perfect passive participlehabitus Deponent • 1st sing. Pres. Act.vereor • Pres. Act. Inf.vereri • Perf. ACTIVE participleveritus Semi-deponent principal parts • 1st sing. Pres. Act.audeo • Pres. Act. Infinitiveaudere • Perf. ACTIVE participle ausus There are only three principal parts just like deponents, but some of the parts look more like a regular verb Semi-deponent synopsis Latin Present audet Imperfect audebat Future audebit Perfect ausus est Pluperfect ausus erat Fut. Perf. ausus erit English He is daring He was daring He will dare He has dared He had dared He will have dared Which forms look like a regular 2nd conjugation verb? Which forms look like a deponent 2nd conjugation verb? Semi-deponent verbs are conjugated as regular verbs in the present system: Present Imperfect Future and as a deponent verb in the perfect system: Perfect Pluperfect Future perfect Semi-Deponent Verbs are always active! Present Active Participles Review of Perfect Passive Participles • Participles are verbal adjectives • Passive participles have the action done to the noun it modifies • Perfect passive participles have had the action done to the noun it modifies prior to the time of the main verb • Example: repulsus lupus-the repelled wolf Present Active Participles • Participles are still verbal adjectives used to modify a noun • An active participle has the noun doing the action • Present Active Participles have the noun doing the action at the same time as the main verb • Example: Marcus repellens-Marcus repelling Examples Perfect Passive Participle • Lupus repulsus currit in silvam. • The repelled wolf runs into the forest. Present Active Participle • Marcus lupum repellens ad rivum currit. • Marcus repelling the wolf runs to the stream. Forming present active participles Present stem + -ns, -ntis (3rd declension adj.) First conjugation verb Singular Plural para- + -ns = parans parantes/ia parantis parantium paranti parantibus parantem/parans parantes/ia paranti parantibus PREPARING Second conjugation Singular habe- + -ns = habens habentis habenti Plural habentes/ia habentium habentibus habentem/habens habentes/ia habenti habentibus HAVING/HOLDING Third Conjugation Singular mitte- + -ns = mittens Plural mittentes/ia mittentis mittentium mittenti mittentibus mittentem/mittens mittentes/ia mittenti mittentibus SENDING 3IO Conjugation Singular • iacie- + -ns = iaciens iacientis iacienti iacientem/iaciens iacienti Plural iacientes/ia iacientium iacientibus iacientes/ia iacientibus THROWING N.B. Remember that for 3rd IO, one must add an ‘i’ before the ‘e’ in the stem. Fourth Conjugation Singular audie- + -ns = audiens audientis audienti Plural audientes/ia audientium audientibus audientem/audiens audientes/ia audienti audientibus HEARING N.B. Remember that for 4th conjugation, one must add an ‘e’ after the stem before adding the ending. Present Participle vs. Present Progressive Marcus repelling the wolf is running to the stream. Marcus repellens lupum currit ad rivum. Notice that two words in this sentence are verbs ending in –ing. Repelling is a participle modifying Marcus, but running is part of the present progressive verb ‘is running’. Be careful to distinguish these two uses!
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