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S p a r t a vs A T H ENS B y : J o s é M a r ía Es p i n o s a d e l o s M o n t e r o s A n d r é s Do r a d o Es c o b a r . X i a n g T é b a r Ga r c ía . Ín d ic e: 1. T H E GREEK POLI S: ● Urban st ruct ure (Acropolis/ Agora) 2 . SPART A: ● Where is it locat ed? ● What was t he form of government ? ● Educat ion in Spart a. ● Spart an societ y. 3 . AT H ENS: ● Where is it locat ed? ● What was t he form of government ? ● At henian societ y. 4 . GREEK S AT W AR: ● The Greco-persian wars. ● The Peloponnesian war: t he confront at ion wit h Spart a. THE GREEK POLIS: Ur ban st r uc t ur e (Ac r opolis/ Agor a) The Gr eek polis: Ur ban s t r uc t ur e (Ac r opolis / Agor a) SPARTA: 1. Whereisit located? 2. What wastheformof government? 3. Education in Sparta. 4. Spartan society. W H ERE I S L OCATED ? Is situated in the southern part of the Peloponnese. What was the form of government? Sparta was an oligarchy, which means “government by the few”. The aristoi , composed of landowners and the warrior elite, governed the city. The aristoi formed the Council, a body that made political decisions, imparted justice and controlled the army. Educat ion in Spar t a. The primary goal of Spartan education was to produce good soldiers. Training for the military began at age 7. Historical accounts tell of Spartan boys as being allowed no shoes, very few clothes, and being taught to take pride in enduring pain and hardship. At the age of 18, Spartan boys had to go out into the world and steal their food. The concept was that a soldier must learn stealth and cunning. At age 20, Spartan men had to pass a series of demanding tests of physical prowess and leadership abilities. At age 30, they became full citizens of Sparta.They were required to continue service until age 60. Spar t an societ y: At the top of the social pyramid were the Spartiates who had a Spartan mother and father. They possessed political rights and controlled the land. The Periokoi, were the farmers who cultivated the land, artisans or merchants. They had to pay the taxes. The last position of the pyramid are the Helots, which were the slaves. ATHENS: Where is located? What was the form of government? Athenian society. Wh er e is l o c at ed ? Athens is located in the southeastern corner of Greece, in Attica. W hat was t he for m of gover nment ? Athens was a democracy, which means “government of the people”. Its citizens gathered at an assembly, where they elected their leaders and voted for laws. A t h en s so c iet y . The social class system of Ancient Athens was very similar to structures in other cultures. There was a well-defined upper, middle, and lower class as well as a separate slave class. ACHILLES: The Achilles heel. Achilles was invulnerable in all his body except in his heel, the legend tells that he died in a battle when being reached by a poisoned arrow in the heel. GREEKSATWAR: The Greco-persian wars. The Peloponnesian war: the confrontation with Sparta. G r e c o - p e r s ia n w a r s The Greco-Persian Wars took place in te 5th century BC when the Persians tried to conquer Athens. The Athenians fought back and defeated Persia in the battles of Marathon and Salamis. After the victory, Athens became the most powerful Greek city and exercised its hegemony over many others cities. ThePeloponnesian war: the confrontation with S parta. SpartaopposedAthenianhegemony andledacoalitionof cities toconfront Athens(PeloponnesianLeague). Thisstartedthe PeloponnesianWar (431-404 BC), whichendedwiththedefeat of Athensanditsallies. Thewar left Greeceinastateof poverty andunrest. Many cities, suchasAthens, fell intothehandsoff tyrants. Thewar endedtheGoldenAgeof theGreek poleis. THE END VS