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Macromolecules Carbon • 4 valance e-s • Forms strong covalent bonds • “back bone” Macromolecules • Giant molecules • Made of polymers –Made of monomers monomer polymer macromolecule Four Classes of Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Lipids Protein Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates • Main job - Energy • Plants also use for structure cellulose • Ex) Sugar, starch, bread, pasta • Glucose -> C6H12O6 - 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen • Monosaccharides – single sugars • Polysaccharides – many monosaccharides Lipids • Stores energy • Not soluable in water • Mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms • Also found in cell membrane, insulation • Ex) cooking oil, body fat, butter • Formed when glycerol combines with fatty acids Proteins • Control cell processes and reactions • Muscle, bone, skin, enzymes • Contain C, H, O, and N – Amino group (-NH2) – Carboxyl group (-COOH) • Monomers - amino acids • Polymers - polypeptide chain Nucleic Acids • Store and transmit genetic information – heredity/genetics • Made of C, H, O, N, and P • Monomers – nucleotides – 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base • Two Types: – DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid – RNA – Ribonucleic Acid
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