Download b) Cell structure

2a: Levels of Organisation
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2.1 Describe the levels of organization within organisms:
organelles, cells, tissues, organs and systems.
Ref:
NEW: Edexcel book
Pg. 12 Cells, Tissues and Organs
Pg. 1-2 Cell structure and a simple definition of organelle
OLD: Cambridge Book
Pg. 3 1.11 “Similar cells are grouped to form tissues”
Pg. 4 1.12 “Tissues make up organs and systems”
Notes
b. Cell Structure
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Objectives:
b) Cell structure
2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane,
cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole
2.3 describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall,
chloroplast and vacuole
2.4 compare the structures of plant and animal cells.
2.2 Cell Structure
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2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane,
cell wall and vacuole.
Ref:
Edexcel:
Pg 1&2 Cell Structure
Cambridge:
Pg. 1 1.2 “Microscopes are used to study cells”
Diagram 1.1 Typical Animal Cell
Diagram 1.2 Typical Plant Cell
Pg. 5 Table 1.1 “A Comparison between animal and plant cells”
Notes
1. The diagram shows a typical animal cell.
On the diagram, label the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the nuclear
membrane. (3)
2. Use this diagram of the plant cell to answer questions ‘a’ and ‘b’.
a. Which two parts are also found in liver cells?(1)
A W and X
B W and Z
C Y and X
D Y and Z
b. Name each part of the plant cell.(4)
W=
X=
Y=
Z=
3. The table shows features that may be found in living cells.
Which features are found in a liver cell? (1)
4. The Figure shows a typical animal cell and a typical plant cell.
Name the parts of the cells labelled A and B.
(1)
A=
B=
5. Label on the diagram, with a letter C, another structure that occurs in both
cells. (1)
C=
2.3 Organelles
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2.3 Describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall,
chloroplast and vacuole.
Ref:
Edexcel
Pg 2 & 3 – Cell Structure
Cambridge
Pg. 2
1.3 “All Cells have a cell membrane”
1.4 “Plant cells have a cell wall”
1.5 “Cell membranes are partially permeable”
1.6 “Cytoplasm is a complex solution”
1.7 “Most cells contain Vacuoles”
1.8 “Chloroplasts trap the energy of sunlight”
1.9 “Mitochondria release energy from food”
Pg. 10
1.10 “The nucleus stores inherited information”
Notes
Questions
1. The diagram below shows a typical plant cell. Some parts have been labeled
with a letter. For each question, give the LETTER and the NAME of the
part.
C
D
B
E
A
a. Which part is responsible for trapping light? (1)
b. Which part contains genetic material? (1)
c. Which part contains cell sap? (1)
d. Name TWO parts found only in plant cells. (1)
e. Name ONE part found in BOTH plants and animals. (1)
2. Some of the main parts of cells are:
NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM, CELL MEMBRANE, CELL WALL, CHLOROPLAST,
VACUOLE
Choose which of these parts are being described below.
a. It controls all the activities of the cell, e.g. dividing, making new proteins. (1)
b. This is a tough outer layer made of cellulose. It is rigid and it keeps the cell
the right shape. (1)
c. It contains a green chemical, chlorophyll, which traps light energy. (1)
3. The diagrams show an animal and a plant cell
Cytoplasm
Cell
membrane
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Animal cell
Plant cell
Use the diagrams to answer the following questions.
a. Give two similarities between the cells. (2)
b. Name one structure present in the plant cell but not in the animal cell. (1)
4. Choose words from this list to complete the sentences below.
CELLS
CHLOROPLASTS NUCLEUS GENES
MEMBRANE
WALL
All cells are surrounded by a cell (a). The (b) controls the activities of the cell.
Plant cells contain (c) which trap light energy, which is used in photosynthesis.
5. The diagram shows a section through a mesophyll cell of a leaf.
Which part is partially permeable (give letter and name)?(1)
6. Use this diagram, which shows the structure of a palisade cell, to answer
questions ‘a’ and ‘b’.
a. Which features are also found in a liver cell?(1)
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 5
C 3 and 4
D 4 and 5
b. In which part does photosynthesis take place? (1)
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
7. The diagram shows an animal cell.
a. Name structures ‘A’ and ‘B’. (2)
A=
B=
b. Name the part of the cell where chemical reactions take place. (1)
c. What is the function of structure ‘B’? (1)
d. What will be found inside structure ‘A’?(1)
e. Distance P to Q on the diagram is the diameter of the cell. The distance was
measured on three cells using a microscope. The results were as follows:
Cell 1 :
63 micrometres
Cell 2 :
78 micrometres
Cell 3 :
69 micrometres
Calculate the average diameter of these cells. Show clearly how you work out
your final answer.(2)
2.4 Animal vs Plant Cells
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2.4 Compare the structures of plants and animal cells
Ref:;
Edexcel: p2 & 3
Cambridge
Pg. 5
Table 1.1 “A Comparison between animal and plant cells”
List the three components, which are present in both plant and animal cells.
List the three components, which are ONLY present in plant cells.
Questions
1. Complete the following table of plant and animal cell characteristics by using
a tick () for present and an ‘X’ for absent.(3)
Characteristic
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Permanent Vacuole
Chloroplast
2. The Figure shows four specialised cells.
Ciliated epithelial cell
Pallisade cell
Root hair cell
Muscle cell
Complete the table, using the letters of the cells, to identify them as animal or
plant cells. (1)
Animal Cells
Plant Cells