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Energy Flow In Ecosystems Notes Producers ▪ Sunlight is the main source of energy for life on Earth ▪ Organisms that capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food are called autotrophs. – They make their own food ▪ Also called producers. Producers ▪ Plants use photosynthesis to produce food from the energy they capture from the sun. ▪ Land - best autotrophs are plants ▪ Freshwater - best autotrophs are algae. ▪ Some autotrophs produce energy without light – They use a process called chemosynthesis Consumers ▪ Many organisms animals, fungi, and many bacteria - can only acquire energy from other organisms. ▪ These animals are called heterotrophs. ▪ Also called consumers. 5 Types of consumers Feeding Relationships ▪ Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to various heterotrophs (consumers) 6 Food Chains ▪ Food Chain: a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. ▪ Most ecosystems are complex, too complex to be represented in a food chain. Food Webs – To represent the complex feeding relationship in an ecosystem, food webs are used. – Food webs link all food chains in an ecosystem together. Food Webs ▪ Trophic Levels: each step in a food chain or food web. – Producers make up the first level – Consumers make up the second (secondary) , third (tertiary), or higher levels. How Ecosystems Work Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_RBHfjZsUQ&list=UU1nf2pzxQRKrFUfrUAwp4oA