Download Catheter Ablation for Cardiac Arrhythmias Other Than Atrial Fibrillation

MEDICAL COVERAGE GUIDELINES
SECTION: MEDICINE
ORIGINAL EFFECTIVE DATE:
LAST REVIEW DATE:
LAST CRITERIA REVISION DATE:
ARCHIVE DATE:
01/19/15
10/25/16
08/24/16
CATHETER ABLATION FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS OTHER THAN ATRIAL
FIBRILLATION
Non-Discrimination Statement and Multi-Language Interpreter Services information are located at
the end of this document.
Coverage for services, procedures, medical devices and drugs are dependent upon benefit
eligibility as outlined in the member's specific benefit plan. This Medical Coverage Guideline must
be read in its entirety to determine coverage eligibility, if any.
This Medical Coverage Guideline provides information related to coverage determinations only
and does not imply that a service or treatment is clinically appropriate or inappropriate. The
provider and the member are responsible for all decisions regarding the appropriateness of care.
Providers should provide BCBSAZ complete medical rationale when requesting any exceptions to
these guidelines.
The section identified as “Description” defines or describes a service, procedure, medical device
or drug and is in no way intended as a statement of medical necessity and/or coverage.
The section identified as “Criteria” defines criteria to determine whether a service, procedure,
medical device or drug is considered medically necessary or experimental or investigational.
State or federal mandates, e.g., FEP program, may dictate that any drug, device or biological
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experimental or investigational and thus the drug, device or biological product may be assessed
only on the basis of medical necessity.
Medical Coverage Guidelines are subject to change as new information becomes available.
For purposes of this Medical Coverage Guideline, the terms "experimental" and "investigational"
are considered to be interchangeable.
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MEDICAL COVERAGE GUIDELINES
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01/19/15
10/25/16
08/24/16
CATHETER ABLATION FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS OTHER THAN ATRIAL
FIBRILLATION (cont.)
Description:
A cardiac arrhythmia is an abnormality or disturbance in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. Arrhythmias
are caused by problems with the heart's electrical system. Each heartbeat is set in motion by an electrical
signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node which is in the right atrium.
Catheter ablation has been used as a treatment for cardiac arrhythmias for several decades. It eliminates
arrhythmias by selectively destroying a portion of myocardium or conduction system tissue that contains
the arrhythmogenic focus. Radiofrequency energy is the most commonly used source for ablation of
cardiac arrhythmias, although other energy sources such as cryoablation have also been used.
Ablation is preceded by preprocedural imaging e.g., computed tomographic angiography and/or magnetic
resonance imaging, and mapping of the focus during electrophysiologic studies. Imaging and anatomic
mapping systems recreate the 3-dimensional structure of the cardiac chambers. This assists the
electrophysiologist in defining the individual anatomy, locating the electroanatomic location of
arrhythmogenic foci, and positioning the ablation catheter for delivery of radiofrequency energy.
Definitions:
Types of supraventricular arrhythmias include:
Atrial Flutter (AFL):
In AFL, electrical signal moves in an organized circular motion or ‘circuit’ causing the upper chambers (atria) of
the heart to beat too fast resulting in atrial muscle contractions that are faster than and out of sync with the
lower chambers (ventricles). AFL is similar to the more common atrial fibrillation (AF). In AF, the heart beats
fast and in no regular pattern or rhythm. In AFL, the heart beats fast, but in a regular pattern.
Focal Atrial Tachycardia:
Focal atrial tachycardia is caused from an abnormal automatic focus or micro-reentry circuits in the right
atrium. Ablation involves identification of the abnormal trigger by mapping studies, followed by focused
ablation of the abnormal area.
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT):
PSVT is caused by an abnormal conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node or through accessory
conduction pathways that bypass the AV node. There are several subtypes of PSVT, the most common
being AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT).
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MEDICAL COVERAGE GUIDELINES
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01/19/15
10/25/16
08/24/16
CATHETER ABLATION FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS OTHER THAN ATRIAL
FIBRILLATION (cont.)
Definitions: (cont.)
Types of ventricular arrhythmias include:
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib):
V-Fib occurs if disorganized electrical signals make the ventricles quiver instead of pump normally.
Without the ventricles pumping blood to the body, sudden cardiac arrest and death can occur within a few
minutes. V-Fib is a medical emergency that must be treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
and defibrillation as soon as possible.
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT):
VT is a rapid heart rhythm originating from the ventricles of the heart. VT can turn into other, more serious
arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation.
Ventricular Tachycardia Storm:
Also known as incessant VT, it is defined as at least 3 episodes of sustained VT in a 24-hour period. This
is considered a life-threatening situation that requires prompt attention and treatment.
Criteria:
For catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, see BCBSAZ Medical Coverage Guideline #O426,
“Catheter Ablation as Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation”.

Catheter ablation is considered medically necessary for treatment of ANY of the following
supraventricular tachyarrhythmias:
1. Atrial flutter
2. Focal atrial tachycardia
3. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia due to accessory pathways
4. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia due to AV nodal re-entry tachycardia

Catheter ablation using radiofrequency energy is considered medically necessary for the treatment
of chronic, recurrent, ventricular tachycardia that is refractory to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
treatment and antiarrhythmic medications, and for which an identifiable arrhythmogenic focus can be
identified.
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MEDICAL COVERAGE GUIDELINES
SECTION: MEDICINE
ORIGINAL EFFECTIVE DATE:
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ARCHIVE DATE:
01/19/15
10/25/16
08/24/16
CATHETER ABLATION FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS OTHER THAN ATRIAL
FIBRILLATION (cont.)
Criteria: (cont.)
For catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, see BCBSAZ Medical Coverage Guideline #O426,
“Catheter Ablation as Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation”.

Catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia ‘storm’ is considered medically necessary when
pharmacologic treatment has been unsuccessful in controlling the arrhythmia.

Catheter ablation for treatment of all other ventricular arrhythmias not previously listed or if above
criteria not met is considered experimental or investigational based upon:
1. Insufficient scientific evidence to permit conclusions concerning the effect on health outcomes,
and
2. Insufficient evidence to support improvement of the net health outcome, and
3. Insufficient evidence to support improvement of the net health outcome as much as, or more
than, established alternatives, and
4. Insufficient evidence to support improvement outside the investigational setting.
Resources:
Literature reviewed 10/25/16. We do not include marketing materials, poster boards and nonpublished literature in our review.
The BCBS Association Medical Policy Reference Manual (MPRM) policy is included in our
guideline review. References cited in the MPRM policy are not duplicated on this guideline.
1.
2.02.01 BCBS Association Medical Policy Reference Manual. Catheter Ablation for Cardiac
Arrhythmias. Re-issue date 09/08/2016; issue date 12/01/1995.
2.
American College of Cardiology. Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia. Accessed 09/18/2014.
3.
National Institute of Health. What Is Atrial Fibrillation? Accessed 09/18/2014.
4.
Heart Rhythm Society. Atrial Flutter. Accessed 09/18/2014.
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MEDICAL COVERAGE GUIDELINES
SECTION: MEDICINE
ORIGINAL EFFECTIVE DATE:
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ARCHIVE DATE:
01/19/15
10/25/16
08/24/16
CATHETER ABLATION FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS OTHER THAN ATRIAL
FIBRILLATION (cont.)
Non-Discrimination Statement:
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona (BCBSAZ) complies with applicable Federal civil rights laws
and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability or sex.
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Multi-Language Interpreter Services:
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MEDICAL COVERAGE GUIDELINES
SECTION: MEDICINE
ORIGINAL EFFECTIVE DATE:
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LAST CRITERIA REVISION DATE:
ARCHIVE DATE:
01/19/15
10/25/16
08/24/16
CATHETER ABLATION FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS OTHER THAN ATRIAL
FIBRILLATION (cont.)
Multi-Language Interpreter Services: (cont.)
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