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VerbHints Herearesomekeyverbformsandtypes.Understandingthesecanhelptomanagetense structuresandcandemystifysomeseeminglyidiomaticdetails. Infinitive:theentireverb(e.g.,towrite) • Usedafteranindirectobject(e.g.,Theyaskedmetocallyou.Shewantedyouto editthearticle—eventhoughthatisn’twritingcenterpolicy.Theytoldusto updateallaccounts.) • Usedaftercertainverbssuchashelp,care,hope,seem,cease,andseveral others1(e.g.,Theypromisedtogiveeveryonearaise.Wedecidedtoleaveat midnight.Wecaredenoughtomakemultiplecopies.) • Usedsometimesasasentence'ssubject(e.g.,Tohealisideal.Toerris completelynormal.Towriteisenlightening.) Base:theinfinitiveverbwithout"to"(e.g.,write) • Usedafteramodalsuchascan,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will, would(e.g.,…cango…or…willbewaiting…or…mustfeelwell…or…should havebeen) • Usedofteninthesubjunctive,whichcanthrowpeopleintermsofsubject-verb agreement(e.g.,Itisessentialthattheybemadeawareoftheissue.Ipropose thathetestthesoftware.Theysuggestedthateachwriterreportwhatfeedback helpedthemost.).Fortunately,thesubjunctivemoodisrarelyessentialandcan oftenhighlighttheneedtosimplifysentencestructureandmakephrasingmore direct. Helping(orauxiliary):helptoconveytense,emphasis,andpossibility;inshort,used withmainverbsinverbphrases • Amemorizablelistof23,whichoverlapswithmodals.Thislistincludesformsof be,do,andhavealongwiththemodals.Note:considerhowthesewordswork withinthemanydifferenttenses. 1 Youcanfindamorecompletelistwithinagrammarhandbookorviaanon-linesearch. • Linking:usedtolinksubjectsandcomplements,whichareadjectivesornounsthat describeorrename(e.g.,SanFranciscoishilly.Heappearshealthy.Shebecamethe CEO.) • Aninterestingfact:somelanguagesdonotuselinkingverbsinthisway,andsoa writermightwrite“SanFranciscohilly.”) • Linkingverbsmakeupanotherfairlymemorizablelist o Is,am,are,was,were,be,been,being o Seems,becomes,grows,feels,appears,tastes,looks,remains,looks, sounds,stays,takes • Totestwhetheraverbisactingasatruelinkingverb,replacetheverbin questionwithaformofbe,become,orseem.Ifthephrasemakessense,you’re dealingwithalinkingverbconstruction. Gerunds:verbsthatendin–ingandworkasnouns(e.g.,Paintingisalifelongpassionof his.) • Canbesubjectsandwilltakeasingularconjugation(e.g.,Writingmakesmany people…) • Usedoftenafterprepositions(e.g.,Weareworkingoncreatinganewwebsite. Studentslearnbywriting.Weneedalicensefordriving.);somewriterswill confusethe"to"inaninfinitivewithaprepositionandsocreateawordform error. • Usedaftercertainverbssuchaspractice,enjoy,tolerate,andothers2(e.g.,We willpracticeplayingoursport.Sheenjoysreadingshortstories.Hepostponed writinghispaper.) 2 Canbecontractedincasualconversationandwriting(e.g.,We'llstudyon Monday.She'sgoingtothestore.They’vebeenstudyingfor24hours.Aimto avoidthesecontractionsinformalprose. Youcanfindamorecompletelistoftheseviaanon-linesearchorwithinagrammarbook.