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Earth and Space Science Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade5/6 Students will give a simple explanation of what a mineral is and some examples, e.g., quartz, mica. Students will identify the three categories of rocks (metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary) based on how they are formed, and explain the natural and physical processes that create these rocks. Students will understand the changes rocks go through in the rock cycle. Students will learn the classification of rocks into sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous, and how each type is formed. Students will understand the properties for identifying rocks, including hardness, color, luster, crystal pattern, cleavage, and magnetism. Students will learn how glaciers can erode and move rock. Rocks and Their . Properties . Soil Students will explain and give examples of Students will understand how soil forms the ways in which soil is formed (the from the weathering of rocks. Students will weathering of rock by water and wind and understand that decaying organisms add from the decomposition of plants and necessary nutrients to the soil. animal remains). Students will understand how rivers and waves can move soil, and both erode it from, and deposit it on land. Weather Grade 3 Grade4 Grade 5/6 Students will explain how air temperature, moisture, wind speed, direction, and precipitation make up the weather at a particular place and time. Students will distinguish among the various forms of precipitation, making connections to the weather in a particular place and time. Students will differentiate between weather and climate. Students will differentiate between weather and climate. Students will recognize factors which affect temperature and precipitation: distance from equator, elevation, and distance from oceans. Students will understand the difference between weather and climate. Students will understand how volcanic eruptions affect weather. Students will learn how oceans, and ocean temperatures affect weather, including the El Nino phenomena. Students will understand the natural and man-made causes of the greenhouse effect and global warming. Students will give examples of how the surface of the earth changes due to slow processes such as erosion and weathering, and rapid processes such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. Students will study the "Big Bang" theory of the origin of our universe. Students will study the structure and composition of the Earth, and the forces that cause it to continue to change, including plate tectonics and volcanic activity. Earth's History The Water Cycle Students will describe how water on Earth cycles in different forms and in different locations, including underground. Students will review the three states of water: solid, liquid, and gas, and the different properties of each. Students will understand the concept of humidity, evaporation, and condensation. Students will review the dynamics of the water cycle. Grade 3 The Earth in the Students will recognize Solar System that the earth is part of a system called the “solar system” that includes the sun (a star), planets, and many moons. The earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system. Students will recognize that the earth revolves around the sun in a year’s time and that the earth rotates on its axis. Students will make connection between rotation and day/night. Grade 4 Grade 5/6 Students will recognize that the earth is part of a system called the “solar system” that includes the sun, planets, and many moons. Students will study early models of the solar system, and how the observations of scientists and improvements in scientific telescopes improved the accuracy of the models. Students will review the size, composition, and distance from the sun of the planets in the solar system. Students will learn about asteroids, meteors, meteorites, and comets. Students will learn how objects in the solar system affect the earth. Students will learn the effect of gravity on movement of objects in the solar system. Mapping the Earth Students will understand the earth's physical features, including mountains, volcanoes, islands, canyons, valleys, deserts, lakes, rivers, and oceans. Students will learn the theory of plate tectonics and continental drift, and the effect of these on the creation of mountains and volcanoes. Earth'sStructure Students will understand the terms atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, and the interrelationship among them. Students will understand the layers of the earth, and the composition, size, and density of the crust , mantle, and core.