Download Review Sheet for the Post Test

Review Sheet for the Post Test
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology & Methods of Research
 Know the definition of psychology
 Be able to identify independent & dependent variables (IVs & DVs)
 Be able to define correlation
o Be able to identify the strongest relationship based on the correlation
coefficient
o Know the benefits and disadvantages of correlational research
Chapter 2: Biological Foundations of Behavior
 Endocrine system
o know the major glands
o know the hormones those glands produce
 Nervous system
o Know the divisions of the nervous system
o Know the divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) & define
them
o Know the divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) & define
them
 Neurons
o Know the major parts/components of a neuron
o Know how neurons transmit and receive information
o Know the definition of resting potential of a neuron
 Know the definition of a neurotransmitter
 Know the definition of Plasticity (also mentioned in chapters 5 & 6)
 Know the number of chromosomes that you receive from each parent and
approximately how many genes each chromosome contains
 Know the number of MAJOR parts of the brain (according to the text) & what
they are called
o This does not mean brain structures like the cerebellum, thalamus, cortex,
etc.
o It means parts (look it up!)
 Know the major functions of each lobe of the cerebral cortex
o Frontal
o Parietal
o Temporal
o Occipital
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
 Know the definition of sensation & perception
 Know how the senses are routed through the brain & note the one exception
 Know definitions for the basic senses & where receptors for each sense are
located
o Vision
Final Review Sheet
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o Hearing
o Taste
o Smell
o Touch
o Kinesthetic
o Vestibular
Know what rods & cones do
Be able to explain how sound travels through the ear (through the physical
structures)
Know the basic tastes
Know the definition of the absolute threshold
Know the definition of the difference threshold, Weber’s Law/Just Noticable
Difference (JND)
Know the definition of the sensory adaptation
Know the definition of perceptual constancy
Know the Gestalt laws of perceptual grouping
o Law of similarity
o Law of proximity
o Law of continuity
o Law of common fate
Know the Gestalt law of Pragnanz
Chapter 4: Consciousness
 Know the 3 theories of dreaming
o Freud’s theory
 Know the definition of manifest & latent content
o The problem-solving view
o Activation-synthesis hypothesis
 Know the definition of divided attention
 Know what brain waves are most prominent in the 5 stages of sleep
o Stage 1
o Stage 2
o Stage 3 (stages 3 & 4 often treated as 1 category, slow-wave sleep)
o Stage 4
o REM
 Know the number of sleep cycles the average adult repeats each night and
approximately how long each cycle lasts
 Be able to describe brain waves when awake
o Alert
o Relaxed
 Know the characteristics of a highly hypnotizable person
 Know the major categories of psychoactive drugs
o Be able to give examples from each category
o Know the 2 most widely used hallucinogens
 Know the effects that cocaine has on the brain
Final Review Sheet
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o Know the specific neurotransmitters
Compare Opiods to the body’s own neurotransmitters
o Be able to name the neurotransmitter
Know the specific effects of MDMA (ecstasy) on the body
o No specifics on brain chemistry
Chapter 5: Learning
 Know the definition of learning
 Know the definition of Observational learning
 Know the definition of classical conditioning
o Know all of the major terms used in classical conditioning
 Unconditioned stimulus (UCS or US)
 Conditioned stimulus (CS)
 Unconditioned response (UCR or UR)
 Conditioned response (CR)
o Know the little Albert experiment
 Be able to identify the US, CS, UR, CR
o Know the definition of stimulus generalization & stimulus
discrimination
 Know the definition of operant conditioning
o Know the definition of reinforcers & punishers
 Know the definition of positive reinforcement
 Know the definition of negative reinforcement
 Know the definition of positive punishment
 Know the definition of negative punishment
o Know the definitions of continuous & partial reinforcement & how they
effect learning & extinction
Chapter 6: Memory
 Basic processes
o Know the number of basic processes in memory
o Know the names of these processes
 Know the divisions of Long-term Memory (LTM)
o Know procedural & declarative memory
o Know the divisions of declarative memory (part of divisions of LTM)
 Know the definitions of maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal, &
chunking
Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
 Know the definition of heritability
 Know the definition of an algorithm
 Know the definition of a heuristic
 Know the concerns with intelligence tests
 Define validity & reliability
Final Review Sheet
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Know the historical and current results of how men & women compare on math
skills performance
Know the number of intelligences described in Gardner’s theory
o You do not need to name them
Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
 Know what a polygraph test measures
 Know the definition of motivation
 Define self actualization
 Know the order of needs for Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
o From most basic to least basic
 Know the definition of sexual orientation
 Know the order of the phases of the sexual response cycle
 Know the 3 components of emotions
 Know how the hemispheres of the brain correspond to emotions
Chapter 9: Human Development
 Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
o Know the number of levels
o Know the names of the levels (you do not need to know the stages)
 Know what bias Carol Gilligan reported in Kohlberg’s theory
 Know the stages of Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development in order
 Know the definition of language
o Know the definition of morphemes & phonemes
o Know the definition of the linguistic relativity hypothesis and who first
developed it
 Know the stages of Erikson’s Model of Personality & the ages of the stages
 Know the most effective parenting style
Chapter 10: Personality
 Based on Freud’s model of personality
o Know the number of structures
o Know the names of these structures
 Know the definition of reciprocal determinism
 Know the definition of defense mechanism and effect on personality structures
 Know the correct order of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development
Chapter 11: Psychological Disorders
 Know the criteria for determining if behavior is abnormal
 Know the differences & similarities between somatoform & dissociative disorders
 Know the definitions of obsessions & compulsions
 Schizophrenia
o Know the definition of positive & negative symptoms
o Know the number of major types of schizophrenia (according to your text)
o Know the names of these major types
Final Review Sheet
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Chapter 12: Methods of Therapy
 Know the definition of modeling and who pioneered the technique to treat
phobias (also see Ch 5)
 Be able to explain the cognitive model of panic disorder (see Ch 11 also)
 Know the major types of antidepressants
o Know the definition of an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
o Know the side effects of each type of antidepressant
 Be able to describe the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy
Chapter 13: Psychology & Health
 Know the types of conflict (names & how many)
 Know the correct order of the stages of general adaptation syndrome
 Know the definition of distress and the types of problems that it causes
 Know the definition of locus of control and how locus of control affects coping
with stress
Chapter 14: Social Psychology
 Know the determinants of attraction
 Be able to compare Milgram’s original study with replications where subjects
instructed others to administer shock
o Know specific percentages
 Know the elaboration likelihood model (ELM)
o Know the definition of peripheral route & central route
 Know the definition of cognitive dissonance
 Know the definition of social facilitation & social loafing & know their
similarities & differences
 Know to which major social psychological concept the Kitty Genovese case
applies
 Know the definition of the fundamental attribution error
 Know the characteristics that increase & decrease conformity
Final Review Sheet
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