Download Networking Hardware Components

Networking | Hardware Components
Networking
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| Networking | Hardware Components
Components |
What are the Hardware Components commonly found in a typical Network . . .?
• Cables
• Client Adapters
• Hubs
• Switches
• Access Points
• Routers
• Modems
• Modem Routers
Slide Number 2
Networking
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Ethernet Cables |
When we reference Cables in Networking we are generally referring to RJ45 Ethernet
Networking Cables;
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cables (UTP).
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
These Cables are often referred to by the Standard that they adhere to i.e.
Category 5 (Cat 5) or Category 6 (Cat 6).
The Cables are further distinguished with regard to they way in which they
are wired;
Straight-Through (Patch)
Crossover
Due to the widespread use of Auto-Sensing LAN Ports we see very little
occasions where a Crossover Cable is actually required now. Generally
speaking Crossover Cables are just used when networking two PCs directly
together, or when daisy-chaining Network Hubs. For all other instances
Patch Cables are generally used.
Slide Number 3
Networking
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Patch Cable
Slide Number 4
Networking
Crossover Cable
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Ethernet Cables | UTP Cables
Solid - each Conductor is a single relatively thick Copper Wire (Solid Core)
Stranded - each Conductor consists of a number of thin Copper Wires
Solid Cable is used for infrastructure Cabling. The cable is inflexible because of its
structure and the maximum length would be 100 metres. Stranded Cables have no fixed
maximum length, but are generally used for short distances. The Cables are flexible, and
the maximum length largely depends on Cable Quality and Shielding.
Standard Ethernet (10/100) Cables only use 4 out of the 8 Connectors, whereas Gigabit
uses all 8.
10/100
Slide Number 5
Networking
Gigabit
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Client Adapters |
There are numerous types of Network Interface Cards or Client Adapters and they are
usually identified by their Type and Connection Technology;
Wireless PCI
Wireless Cardbus
Wireless USB
Wireless ExpressCard
Wireless Ethernet
Wired Ethernet
Wired USB
Wired ExpressCard
Every Network Interface Card (NIC) has a unique MAC address pointing to its Manufacturer.
Slide Number 6
Networking
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Hub |
Hubs tie the Network together.
A Network can be extended by daisy-chaining one Hub to another.
Hubs by default echo all traffic to all Ports, so when a Packet of data arrives at one Port, it
is copied to the other Ports so that all segments of the Network can see all Packets.
Switch |
Switches differ from Hubs in that they track MAC Addresses
on both sides of the Network and do not echo any traffic that
does not need to be echoed.
Broadcast messages are not filtered via Switches, and these
are continued to be echoed to all Ports, but otherwise the
Switch is intelligently filtering to ensure that only traffic
destined for a particular MAC Address on a Particular Port,
gets to that device.
Slide Number 7
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Access Point |
An Access Point is a device for adding Wireless Connectivity to an existing Wired Network.
It is clear that an Access Point is a Wireless Device . . . But is it a Hub or a Switch?
Well it is in fact both a Hub and a Switch.
As Access Points are Wireless, and Wireless Bandwidth is by nature a shared resource,
the Access Point (AP) is acting in this role as a Hub as it does not filter any of the Wireless
Communication.
If however an Access Point Is connected to an existing
Wired Network, then the Access Point (AP) will act like
a Switch and filter Traffic accordingly. Should Client A
send Data to Client B, the Access Point will filter the
Data and ensure that it is not broadcasted to all Ports.
With the Advent of N Technology Routers Access
Points are no longer required in a Home User
environment, due to the already great Range provided.
Slide Number 8
Networking
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Router |
A Router is in fact a . . .
ROUTER + ACCESS POINT + NETWORK SWITCH
ROUTER
In a essence the ‘Router’ Part is the Device that sits between two or more Networks and
decides which IP Packets go where.
Network #1
Slide Number 9
Network #2
Networking
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Router |
Whereas a Network Switch works at a MAC Address level, a Router works at an IP Address
level, and it has an IP Address for each Network that it is connected to. Based on Source
and Destination IP Address and the Networks to which they belong, the Router decides to
which Network to forward the Packet.
Most End-User Routers, are Gateway Routers that simply connect a Local (LAN) Network
with the rest of the World (WAN). Gateway Routers are usually based around Network
Address Translation (NAT).
The Network Address Translation (NAT) element handles the traffic from Routable
(external) IP Addresses to the non-Routable (internal) IP Addresses of a typical internal
Network or LAN.
Three special Address Ranges are to be used in Local Networks
(LANs) only, and they should not be forwarded to any Public
Network.
Class A:
Class B:
Class C:
Slide Number 10
10.x.x.x
172.16.x.x – 172.31.x.x
192.168.x.x
Networking
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Modem |
The name ‘Modem’ derives from the functionality of the Device in that it is in essence a
Modulator/Demodulator.
It is essentially a Communications Device that converts one form of a signal to another that
is suitable for transmission over a Phone Line.
Typically Digital Data from a PC is converted to Analogue Data which is sent via the Phone
Line and then from converted back from this Analogue Data to Digital Data again on the
next PC.
Modem Routers |
A Modem Router is in fact a . . .
ROUTER + ACCESS POINT + NETWORK SWITCH + MODEM + NAT DEVICE
The WAN Port found on a typical Router is essentially replaced with a Phone Line
connection Point.
Slide Number 11
Networking
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any manner without the express written consent of Belkin International.
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