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Perception in Motor Development What is Perception? • A multistage process that takes place in the BRAIN. • It includes – Selection – Processing – Organization – Integration of Information received from the SENSES Senses • • • • • • Sight - Visual Hearing - Auditory Smell - Olfactory Taste Touch - Tactile Kinesthetic Sensory or Sensation is… • The neural activity • Stimulus examples are… triggered by some – Light stimulus that activates a – Sound sensory receptor and – Smell results in sensory nerve • Stimulus in Athletics impulses traveling the – Sprinter hears the gun sensory nerve pathways – Outfielder hears the bat to the brain, back to hit the ball, sees the ball body and parts, body flying reacts & moves – Golfer feels the ball hit the sweet spot Kinesthetic Perception • Tactile Localization • Multiple Tactile Points • Perception of Objects • Perception of the Body – Body Awareness • • • • Laterality Lateral Dominance Limb Movements Spatial Orientation • Perception of Direction – Directionality Proprioception • Proprioception means "sense of self". – In the limbs, the proprioceptors are sensors that provide information about joint angle, muscle length, and tension, which is integrated to give information about the position of the limb in space. Kinesthetic Receptor Location Perceives What Muscle Spindles Muscles Joint Angle, Muscle Length, & Degree of tension Golgi Tendon Muscle-tendon junctions Change in tension Proprioceptors Joint Capsule & Ligaments Direction, Rate, Extent of Joint Movement, Steady Position, Stationary Joint Position Vestibular Apparatus Inner Ear Rotation, Acceleration, Deceleration, Linear Movements (body position relative to gravity) Cutaneous Receptors Skin & Underlying Tissue Touch Temperature Pain Joint Receptors “Like a Cat” • Vestibular Apparatus is crucial to sport & especially sport activity that involves the body moving in space (spinning, twisting, rotating, etc. • What are 3 specific sport examples whose athletes have a keen a vestibular apparatus or sense of body in space? Visual Perception • • • • • • Perception of Size Constancy Perception of Figure-and-Ground Perception of Whole Objects versus Parts Depth Perception Perception of Spatial Orientation Perception of Movement