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Kinesiology of Ventilation Breathing is essential to life! Ventilation Terminology • Ventilation: The mechanical process by which air is inhaled and exhaled through the lungs. • Inspiration: • breathing in • Expiration: • breathing out Ventilation Terminology • Quiet inspiration • Occurs when resting or sitting quietly • Deep inspiration • Requires more O2, so breathes harder • Quiet expiration • Mostly passive action • Forced expiration • Requires use of muscles that compress abdomen and force diaphragm upward Lippert pg 239 Ventilation Allows: exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood Drives: the physiology of activated muscles that move and stabilize the joints of the body Healthy Lungs Smoker’s Lungs… Osteology: Ventilation • Thoracic cage consists of: • Rib cage (24 total ribs) • • • Sternum • • • True ribs False ribs Midline of anterior chest wall Anterior attachment for ribs Thoracic vertebrae • Posterior attachment for ribs Lippert pg 235 Ventilation • Primary Muscles of Inspiration: • • Diaphragm Intercostals • • internal External Ventilation Diaphragm Origin Costal part: inner surfaces of the cartlages and adjacent bony regions of ribs 6-12 Sternal part: posterior side of the xiphoid process Lumbar part: bodies of L1-L3 through 2 distinct tendinous attachments called the L & R crus Insertion Central tendon near the dome of the diaphragm Innervation Phrenic n. Action inspiration What is a hiccup? Ventilation External Intercostals Origin 11 per side; each muscle arises from the inferior border of a rib Insertion inserts on the upper border of the rib below Innervation Intersoctal n. T2-12 Action Assist with inspiration by elevating ribs and thereby expanding the thorax External Intercostals Ventilation Internal Intercostals Origin 11 per side, each muscle arises from the upper border of a rib Insertion On the lower border of the rib above, deep to the external intercostals with the fibers perpendicular to the external intercostals Innervation Intercostal n. T2-12 Action Assist with foceful expiration by depressing the ribs Ventilation: Accessory Muscles • Deep inspiration • • • SCM Pectoralis major Scalenes • Forced inspiration • • • • • Forced expiration: • • • • • Levator scapula Upper trapezius Rhomboids Pectoralis minor Lippert pg 243 Rectus abdominis Internal oblique External oblique Quadratus lumborum Transverse abdominis Ventilation Scalenes Origin Ant. Scalene: transverse processes of C3C7 Middle Scalene: transverse processes of C2-C7 Posterior Scalene: transverse processes of C5-C7 Insertion Ant. Scalene: 1st rib Middle Scalene: 1st rib Posterior Scalene: external surface of the 2nd rib Innervation Ventral rami (C3-C7) Action Bilateral: flexion of the neck, assist with inspiration by elevating ribs 1&2 Unilateral: lateral flexion Ventilation: Accessory Muscles What does it really mean to take a deep breath? Ventilation
