Download Sample any subset of a population. See Section 1.1. Sample space

S
Sample any subset of a population. See Section 1.1.
Sample space set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment; the outcomes
cannot be further broken down. See Section 5.1.
Sampling distribution the probability distribution of a sample statistic such as the
probability distribution of sample means or sample proportions. See Sections 8.2 and
8.3.
Sampling error resulting from sample fluctuations, the difference between a statistical
measure computed from a sample and the value of the same statistical measure
computed from the entire population. See Section 9.1.
Scatter diagram in linear regression, a graphical display of data pairs (x, y). See
Section 4.1.
Significance level (∀) used in hypothesis testing to designate the probability of a type I
error. See Section 10.1.
Simple random sample See random sample.
Simulation numerical facsimile or representation of a real-world phenomena. See
Section 1.2.
Skewed left a histogram or distribution in which the left side or tail is stretched out
longer than the right. See Section 2.2.
Skewed right a histogram or distribution in which the right side or tail is stretched out
longer than the left. See Section 2.2.
1
Slope of least-squares line, b (sample), ∃ (population) the value b computed for the
sample least-squares line y = a + bx or the value ∃ for the population least-squares
line y = ∀ + ∃x. See Sections 4.2 and 12.5.
Standard deviation, s (sample), Φ (population) square root of sample variance or
population variance. See variance. See Section 3.2.
Standard error of estimate Se used in linear regression, a measure of the spread
between observed y values and corresponding predicted yp values over the entire
scatter diagram. See Section 12.4.
Standard error of the mean standard deviation of the population of all possible sample
means Ë from samples of the same size taken from the same population. See Section
8.2.
Standard normal distribution a normal distribution for which the standard deviation is
1 and the mean is 0. See Section 7.2.
Standard score
the quantity (data value – population mean) divided by population
standard deviation. Also called z score. See Section 7.2.
Statistic a numerical descriptive measure of a sample. See Section 8.1.
Statistics the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical
information from data. See descriptive statistics and also inferential statistics. See
Section 1.1.
Stem-and-leaf display a graphical method used to rank-order and arrange data into
groups. See Section 2.3.
2
Stratified sample a sampling method which divides the population into subgroups
(strata) representing homogeneous characteristics. Elements of the sample are then
selected from each stratum. See Section 1.2.
Student’s t distribution a family of symmetric, bell-shaped probability distributions
associated with small samples, first discovered by W.S. Gosset. See Section 9.2.
Symmetric distribution a distribution which can be broken into two symmetric parts
using a vertical line. The result is two halves, each of which is a mirror image of the
other. See Section 2.2.
Systematic sampling a sampling procedure in which every kth element is selected. See
Section 1.2.
3