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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: ____________ #1a: GLYCOLYSIS 1. Where in the cell does this reaction occur? ______________________________________________ 2. What does glucose look like? Draw it: 3. How many carbons does glucose have? _____________ 4. Does glycolysis need energy to run? _____________ 5. What is that energy called? _______________ 6. How many molecules of that energy did we use? _____________ 7. Does glycolysis require oxygen? ____________________ 8. How would an enzyme help this reaction? ________________________________________________________________ 9. How many molecules of Pyruvate is 1 molecule of glucose broken into? ____________ 10. What does pyruvate look like? Draw 1 molecule of it: 11. How many carbons does each pyruvate have? ____________ 12. How many molecules of ATP were produced during glycolysis? ___________ 13. How many molecules of NAD+ were turned into NADH? _____________ #1b: LINK REACTION/LINKING STEP 14. Where in the cell does this reaction occur? _______________________________________________________________ 15. What is broken off of the pyruvate molecule during this step? __________________________________________ 16. When a carbon leaves cell respiration, what does it bond with before it leaves? ______________________ 17. What molecule will a carbon leave the body as (when it’s bonded with #16)? _________________________ 18. What is added to the remaining 2-carbon molecule (the one left behind after the carbon has broken off)? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 19. What is the resulting product? _____________________________________________________________________________ 20. How many molecules of NAD+ were turned into NADH? _____________ 21. What two things does NADH carry? __________________________________ and ________________________________ 22. NADH can also be called an _________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Was any ATP used in the link reaction? _____________ 24. Was any ATP produced in the link reaction? _____________ Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: ____________ #2: CITRIC ACID CYCLE (aka KREBS CYCLE) 25. Where in the cell does this reaction occur? ________________________________________________________________ 26. What molecule do you start with for this cycle (hint: not pyruvate)? ___________________________________ 27. How many molecules (of your answer from the previous question) are coming from the link reaction? _____________ a. So how many times does this cycle need to run in order to process everything? _____________ 28. Does the Citric Acid Cycle need Oxygen? ______________ 29. What alternative process will occur if oxygen is NOT present? __________________________________________ 30. What are two products of the reaction in the previous question? a. ___________________________ and ___________________________ 31. What are the waste products of the CAC/Krebs cycle? ________________________ and ______________________ 32. How many molecules of ATP were produced per cycle? _____________ Total? ______________ 33. How many molecules of NAD+ were turned into NADH per cycle? _____________ Total? ______________ 34. How many total molecules of FAD+ were turned into FADH2 per cycle? ___________ Total? ____________ 35. FADH2 can also be called an _________________________________________________________________________________ #3: OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (includes ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN) 36. Where in the cell does this reaction occur? _________________________ 37. The NADH and FADH2 bring all of their electrons and drop them off at the ____________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 38. The Electron Transport Chain has the function of ________________________________________________________ 39. When the ETC transports electrons, it splits off the electron from the __________________________________ 40. These positively charged hydrogens would build up on the outside of the membrane and form a concentration gradient. This will cause chemiosmosis, which is ______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Draw an ATP synthase molecule and how it fits within the membrane: 42. Next, add to your drawing an arrow showing the movement of H+ (which direction do they go through ATP synthase?) 43. When the H+ molecules move through ATP synthase, what is the resulting reaction? ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: ____________ 44. Draw a detailed molecule of ADP and show what attaches to it in order to become ATP: + = SUMMARY (we will do this together as a class!): Using the following key, complete the questions below: 1 molecule of FADH2 = 2 molecules of ATP 1 molecule of NADH = 3 molecules of ATP Glycolysis Number of ATP molecules used…………………………………………………………………………………. - _____________ ATPs Number of ATP molecules produced…………………………………………………………………………..+ _____________ ATPs Number of NADH molecules produced: ___________ x3 =..………………………………………….….. + _____________ ATPs Total contribution of Glycolysis to the production of ATP: ___________ Link Reaction Number of NADH molecules produced: ___________ x3 =……………………………...………………...+ _____________ ATPs Total contribution of the Link Reaction to the production of ATP: ___________ Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle Number of ATP molecules produced…………………………………………………………………………..+ _____________ ATPs Number of NADH molecules produced: ___________ x3 =………………………………………………..+ _____________ ATPs Number of FADH2 molecules produced: ___________ x2 =……………………………………………….+ _____________ ATPs Total contribution of the CAC to the production of ATP: ___________ Oxidative Phosphorylation/Electron Transport Chain This does not produce its own ATP; it can only make ATP by taking the electrons from the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) and generates ATP. This was calculated in the above sections. How many molecules of ATP were produced by oxidative phosphorylation (NADH and FADH2)? ___________ Total number of ATP molecules produced from 1 molecule of glucose = _________ ATPs