Download Bloodborne Pathogen Update

Bloodborne Pathogens
In the School Setting
Julie A. Strunk, RN BSN
Why do we need to do this each year?
OSHA requires annual training for
employees who are at occupational risk
of exposure to bloodborne pathogens
The purpose of the regulation is to protect
employees against exposure to
bloodborne pathogens which could lead
to disease or death
Bloodborne Pathogens Definition
Bloodborne Pathogens are
microorganisms (such as
viruses) transmitted
through blood, or other
potentially infectious
material such as certain
bodily fluids (semen,
breast milk, etc.) or
tissues.
Bloodborne Pathogens
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Body fluids, especially those
visibly contaminated with
blood, are capable of causing
disease.
Pathogens can enter your
body through a cut or break in
the skin, through your eyes or
mucus membranes.
Can also be transmitted
sexually
Main diseases of concern are
Hepatitis B and C viruses and
HIV (AIDS virus)
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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HIV attacks your body’s
ability to protect itself
against disease
Initially there are no
visible signs of having
the virus
Most people with HIV
develop AIDS
There is no vaccination
for HIV
HIV
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The HIV Virus can live outside of the body
for only a few hours
10-50 virus particles per ml of blood
There are 4 modes of transfer:
 Blood
 Semen
 Vaginal secretions
 Breast milk
Hepatitis: Inflammation of the Liver
Types of Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
fecal / oral
bloodborne
bloodborne
Hepatitis B and C
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Up to 100 times easier to
catch than HIV
Unlike HIV, the Hepatitis
virus can live outside of the
body for several days
1,000,000 – 1,000,000,000
virus particles per ml of
blood
Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus
in Various Body Fluids
___High
Blood
Serum
Wound exudates
Moderate
Semen
Vaginal Fluid
Saliva
Low/Not
Detectable_
Urine
Feces
Tears
Breast milk
HIV vs. Hepatitis B
HIV
Hepatitis B
Transmitted through blood, semen,
vaginal secretions and breast milk
10-50
Virus particles per ml of blood
Virus lives outside of the body only
a few hours
Transmitted through blood, semen
and vaginal secretions
1,000,000-1,000,000,000
Virus particles per ml of blood
Virus lives outside of the body for
up to 7 days
Up to 100 times easier to catch than
HIV
Vaccinations available
No vaccination available
Reasons Not To Receive the
Hepatitis B Vaccine
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Previous infection with HBV
Yeast sensitivity
Thimerosal sensitivity
Pregnancy
Immunosuppressive therapy
Hepatitis C
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3-4 million carriers, most common
bloodborne infection in US
Disease can incubate for
decades and most people have
no symptoms
By 2010 may affect more
Americans each year than AIDS
HCV is not related to the viruses
that cause Hepatitis A or B
No Vaccine or effective postexposure prophylaxis
85% develop chronic infection
Leading indication for liver
transplants
Sources of Infection for persons with
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C
The “OTHER” sources of infection
 Contact with infectious body fluids to
broken skin
 Contact with infectious body fluids to
mucous membranes
 Puncture wounds with used needles
Symptoms of Hepatitis B or C
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Flu-like symptoms
Fatigue
Jaundice
Severe pain in joints
Lung disease
Inflammation of the liver
Inflammation on and ulcers of the colon
May be asymptomatic (no symptoms)
There is
no cure for
Hepatitis B or C
There is a vaccine for
Hepatitis B
How are Bloodborne Pathogens
Spread on the Job?
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By a sharp object that is
contaminated by the virus
when it cuts or punctures the
skin
When a contaminated object
touches inflamed skin, acne,
skin abrasions
When a contaminated surface
is touched, then eyes, nose,
mouth, open wounds or
inflamed skin is touched
How to Reduce Your Risk
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
"Universal precautions," as defined by CDC, are a set
of precautions designed to prevent transmission of
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B
virus (HBV), and other bloodborne pathogens when
providing first aid or health care. Under universal
precautions, blood and certain body fluids of all
patients are considered potentially infectious for HIV,
HBV and other bloodborne pathogens.
If It’s Warm, Wet,
and Not Yours,
DON’T Touch It!
How to Reduce Your Risk
Needles and other sharps
must be discarded in rigid,
leak-proof, puncture
resistance containers
When emptying trash
containers, do not use
your hands to compress
the trash in the bag
Lift and carry the trash bag
away from your body
How to Reduce Your Risk
Do not eat, drink,
smoke, apply
cosmetics or
handle contact
lenses in areas
where there is the
possibility of
exposure to BBP
How to Reduce Your Risk
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Gloves
• Masks
• Eye protection
• CPR microshields
Clean-up
Procedures
Cleaning Up Body Fluid Spills
Please call the office or custodial staff
for a body fluid spill. Keep students
away from the contaminated area
until cleaned.
Gloves
Glove removal and disposal technique
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Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down until
it comes off inside out. Ball it up in the palm of
your gloved hand.
Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the cuff
of the remaining glove and peel glove down so
that it also comes off inside out with the first glove
tucked inside. Never touch the outside of the
glove with your bare hands.
Properly dispose of the gloves.
Wash hands immediately.
Hand washing
THE SINGLE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY
TO PREVENT THE TRANSFER OF
GERMS is to WASH YOUR HANDS
using soap and running water.
Scrub for at least 30
seconds, rinse well,
dry with a paper towel.
What Should I Do If I Have Accidental
Contact With Body Fluids?
Wash area thoroughly with soap and
warm water
Contact School Nurse or Supervisor
of Health Services Right Away!
Report to your supervisor
Remember!
Risk of exposure to BBP in the school
setting is low
Risk of HBV transmission in schools is
rare
There have been no cases of HIV
transmission in school
We’re All Teachers
Kids learn from watching us!