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BIOL 2401: Skeletal System (Spring 2008) Lab 12: Structure & Classification of Bone Microscopic Structure Osteon (Haversian) System central (Haversian) canal perforating (Volkmann’s) canal osteocyte lacuna canaliculi trabeculae Sectioned Long Bone epiphysis diaphysis epiphyseal line (disk or plate) compact (dense) bone spongy (cancellous) bone hyaline (articulating) cartilage periosteum Sharpey's fibers* medullary cavity red marrow yellow marrow endosteum Lab 13: Organization of the Skeleton Axial skeleton vs. Appendicular skeleton Differentiate between left and right Lab 14: The Skull Cranium Frontal bone frontal sinus supraorbital foramen supraorbital ridge* glabella* Parietal bone (2) sagittal suture coronal suture Occipital bone lambdoidal suture foramen magnum occipital condyles ext. occipital protuberance* sutural bone Temporal bone (2) squamosal suture external acoustic meatus mandibular fossa mastoid process styloid process carotid canal jugular foramen internal acoustic meatus zygomatic process *not in lab manual or text - check website1or other source Sphenoid bone sella turcica greater wing lesser wing sphenoid sinus orbital fissure optic canal lateral pterygoid plate medial pterygoid plate Ethmoid bone crista galli cribriform plate perpendicular plate ethmoid sinus nasal concha superior middle Facial bones Maxillary bones maxillary sinus palantine process alveolar fossa* infraorbital foramen Palatine bone Zygomatic bone temporal process zygomatic arch Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Vomer bone Inferior nasal concha Mandible body ramus mandibular angle* mandibular condyle coronoid process mandibular notch* mental foramen mandibular symphysis* alveolar fossa* Hyoid Lab 15: Vertebral Column & Thoracic Cage Parts of vertebrae body spinous process vertebral foramen vertebral arch transverse process facets (superior & inferior) intervertebral disc intervertebral foramen Cervical vertebrae (7) transverse foramen bifid process atlas (1st) axis (2nd) dens (odontoid process) Thoracic vertebrae (12) costal facets Lumbar vertebrae (5) Sacrum (5 fused) median sacral crest transverse ridge * sacral foramen sacral canal articular surface (sacroiliac joint) sacral hiatus Costal (rib) (12 pairs) parts head neck tubercle shaft costal groove types true (vertebrosternal) 7 pair false (vertebrochondral) 5 pair floating (vertebral) last 2 pair of 5 intercostal space* Sternum manubrium sternal notch clavicular notch sternal angle body xiphoid process *not in lab manual or text - check website2or other source Lab 16: Pectoral Girdle & Upper Limb Pectoral Girdle clavicle scapula spine inferior angle acromion process coracoid process glenoid cavity supraspinous fossa infraspinous fossa subscapular fossa* scapular notch Upper Arm Humerus head neck greater tubercle lesser tubercle intertubercular groove deltoid tuberosity capitulum trochlea medial epicondyles lateral epicondyles coronoid fossa olecranon fossa Radius head radial tuberosity styloid process ulnar notch Ulna trochlear notch radial notch olecranon process coronoid process styloid process head Carpals (8) Manus (hand) metacarpals (15) phalanges (15) proximal medial distal pollex = 1 Lab 17: Pelvic Girdle & Lower Limb coxal (hip) bone femur patella ilium head tibia iliac crest fovea capitis medial condyles iliac fossa neck lateral condyles greater sciatic notch greater trochanter intercondylar eminence* post. sup. iliac spine lesser trochanter tibial tuberosity ant. sup. iliac spine gluteal tuberosity anterior crest ischium linea aspera medial malleolus ischial tuberosity lateral condyle fibula ischial spine medial condyle head lesser sciatic notch lateral epicondyle lateral malleolus pubis medial epicondyle pubic symphysis intercondylar fossa acetabulum patellar surface obturator foramen *not in lab manual or text - check website3or other source tarsals (7) talus calcaneus metatarsals (15) phalanges (15) proximal medial distal hallux = 1