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Earth Science
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Chapter Sixteen--Worksheet Review
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Section One: Water in the Air [Pages 422-429]
Directions: Use your textbook and notes to assist you with answering the following questions.
Water Cycle (p. 422)
1. When plants release water vapor into the air through their leaves they are experiencing
2. Water that flows across land and collects in rivers, streams, and the ocean is called
3.
.
.
is the transformation of liquid water into water vapor.
4. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are all forms of
.
a. condensation.
b. transpiration.
c. precipitation.
d. evaporation.
Humidity (p. 423)
5. What kind of air holds the highest amount of water vapor?
a. warmer air
b. moderate air
c. cooler air
d. drier air
6. Relative humidity compares the
amount of moisture in the air with the amount of
moisture that the air can hold at a certain temperature. (maximum or minimum)
7. If the temperature drops but the amount of water vapor in the air stays the same, the relative
humidity
. (increases or decreases)
8. On a psychrometer, if there is little humidity in the air, there will be a
drop in the
temperature of the wet-bulb thermometer. (large or small)
9. Look at “Follow the Numbers” on page 424. If you use a psychrometer and obtain a drybulb reading of 12 C and a wet-bulb reading of 11 C, the relative humidity table shows a
relative humidity of
.
The Process of Condensation (p. 425)
10. Why do water droplets form on the outside of a glass of ice water?
11. When air cools to a temperature at which it is completely saturated with water, we say that
the air has reached its
.
Clouds (p. 426)
12. What is a cloud made of?
Choose the word in Column B that best matches the definition in Column A, and write the corresponding letter in the space
provided.
Column A
Column B
13. cloud that forms in layers
a. fog
14. puffy, white cloud with a flat bottom
b. nimbostratus
15. cloud that forms near the ground
c. stratus
16. cloud that produces thunderstorms
d. cirrus
17. cloud that produces light, continuous rain
e. cumulonimbus
18. thin, feathery, high-altitude cloud
f. cumulus
19. In Figure 8 the prefixes cirro-, alto-, and strato- classify clouds by their
a. temperature.
b size.
c. shape.
.
d. altitude.
Precipitation (p. 428)
20. A water droplet in a cloud becomes rain when its diameter increases to about
its normal size and becomes too
heavy to stay in the cloud.
a. 2 times
b. 10 times
c. 100 times
d. 1,000 times
Mark each of the following statements True or False.
21. The most common form of solid precipitation is hail.
22. Sleet is melted ice.
23. Hail can move both up and down in clouds.
24. The water content of snow is determined by weighing the snow.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Section Two: Air Masses and Fronts [Pages 430-433]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Air Masses (p. 430)
25. What causes changes in the weather?
26. What two characteristics of air masses are represented with the two-letter symbol on weather maps?
a. density and moisture
c. moisture and temperature
b. mass and temperature
d. shape and mass
27. On weather maps, a two-letter symbol system describes the characteristics of air masses. Give the four letters used in this
system, and tell what each letter represents.
28. Where do the air masses that are responsible for cold, winter weather in the United States come from? [more than one
answer possible]
a. Canada
b. the North Pacific Ocean
c. the North Atlantic Ocean
d. Mexico
29. Of the four warm air masses that influence the weather in the United States, how many
develop over land?
30. Which air masses cause the hurricanes that occur on the East Coast of the United States?
Fronts (p. 432)
31. What is the weather like at a front?
a. clear and calm
b. warm and dry
c. cloudy and stormy
d. cold and dry
32. Take a moment to read the Brain Food on page 432. Meteorologists first started using the term front to describe
weather phenomena during World War I. They compared air masses to opposing
a. armies.
b. tanks.
c. submarines.
d. machine guns.
Choose the type of front in Column B that best matches the description in Column A, and write the corresponding letter in
the space provided.
Column A
33. A warm air mass overrides a cold air mass.
34. A cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass and
then meets a cold air mass.
35. A cold air mass meets and displaces a warm
air mass.
36. Little horizontal movement occurs.
Column B
a. cold front
b. warm front
c. occluded front
d. stationary front
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Section Three: Severe Weather [Pages 434-439]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thunderstorms (p. 434)
37. Name three examples of severe weather.
1.
2.
3.
38. Which one of the following atmospheric conditions produces thunderstorms?
a. The air near the Earth’s surface is warm and moist.
b. The air near the Earth’s surface is cold and dry.
c. The atmosphere is stable.
d. The atmosphere is bright.
39. Which type of a cloud would most likely lead you to predict a thunderstorm?
a. a stratus cloud
b. a cirrus cloud
c. a cumulus cloud
d. a cumulonimbus cloud
Mark each of the following statements True or False.
40. Lightning occurs when there is a difference in charge between two surfaces.
41. Thunder results from the expansion of air along the lightning strike.
42. Sudden flash flooding is the biggest cause of weather related deaths.
43. All thunderstorms produce lightning.
44. Look at the Brain Food on page 437. What do you call a tornado that occurs over water?
a. an aqueous tornado
b. a water funnel
c. a whirlpool
d. a waterspout
45. In what seasons do most tornadoes in the United States occur?
a. late summer and fall
c. spring and early summer
b. late fall and winter
d. winter and early spring
46. Why are tornadoes so dangerous?
Hurricanes (p. 437)
47. Hurricanes that form over the western Pacific Ocean are called 47
begin in the Indian Ocean are called 48 .
48.
, while those that
49. Hurricanes rotate in opposite directions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. True or False?
50. Where does the energy that fuels a hurricane come from?
Choose the term in Column B that best matches the description in Column A, and write the corresponding letter in the space
provided.
Column A
Column B
51. clouds that spiral around the center of a hurricane
a. eye
52. cumulonimbus clouds that produce strong winds and heavy rains
b. eye wall
53. core of warm, calm air
c. rain bands
54. What causes most of the damage associated with hurricanes?
a. flooding
b. high winds
c. cold weather
d. lightning
Weather Forecasting Technology (p. 440)
55. Why is it important to be able to predict the weather?
Write the name of the tool used to measure each atmospheric condition in the space provided.
56. wind direction
57. air pressure
58. air temperature
59. wind speed
60. What two substances are used in liquid thermometers like the one in Figure 26?
61. An anemometer is a glass tube sealed at one end and placed in a container of mercury. True or False?
62. What kind of information do meteorologists get from weather balloons?
Mark each of the following statements True or False.
63. Radar cannot distinguish between storms of differing intensities.
64. Radar can be used to detect tornadoes.
65. Weather satellites can determine temperatures at various altitudes.
Weather Maps (p. 442)
66. Give the full name and initials of two major sources of weather data in the United States.
67. Similar to contour lines on a topographical map,
weather map.
68.
69. What does an isobar that is a closed circle represent?
70. What is an isobar?
66 connect points of equal 67 on a