Download Unit 4 Outline Notes

1
Unit 4 Notes: 1450-1750 CE- The Early Modern World
Issues of Periodization
1. The globe was encompassed: eastern & western hemispheres come into contact; technology changes
global trade patterns
2. Sea based trade rose in proportion to land trade
3. European kingdoms emerged that gained world power
4. Power of nomadic groups declined
5. Labor systems were transformed: colonies; slavery; slave trade
6. "Gunpowder Empires" emerge in Middle East and Asia
7. Natural environment changes dramatically due to agriculture. Population composition changes due to
disease.
Timeframe (1450-1750 C.E.)










Era of Exploration (1200s-1800s C.E.)
Scientific Revolution (1600s-1800s C.E.)
The Enlightenment (1600s-1800s C.E.)
New World Imperialism (1492-1800s C.E.)
Asian/African Imperialism (1400s-1900s C.E.)
Islamic Empires (1350s-1800s C.E.)
Russia (1462-1917 C.E.)
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 C.E.)
Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 C.E.)
Tokugawa Japan (1600-1868 C.E.)
I. Protestant Reformation
A. Martin Luther
1. Background:
2. Roman Catholic Church Problems:
3. 95 Theses:
4. Religious Impact:
5. Social Impact:
6. Political Impact:
B. Spread of Protestantism
1. Calvinism:
2. Presbyterian:
3. Anabaptists:
C. Anglican Church
1. Henry VIII:
2. Issues with Roman Catholic Church:
3. Archbishop of Canterbury:
4. Catherine of Aragon:
5. Split:
6. Impact:
D. Catholic Reformation
1. Issues:
2. Council of Trent:
3. Jesuit Order:
4. Impact:
E. Religious Conflict
1. Issues:
2. Edict of Nantes:
3. Thirty Years War:
2
4. Treaty of Westphalia:
5. Impact:
F. English Civil War
1. Issues:
2. Stuart Dynasty:
3. Sides/Leaders:
4. Outcome:
5. Impact:
II. Scientific Revolution
A. Why?
1. Scholasticism:
2. Impact of Greeks:
3. Impact of Crusades:
B. Heliocentric Theory
1. Nicolaus Copernicus:
2. Nasir al-Din:
3. Tycho Brahe:
4. Johannes Kepler:
5. Galileo Galilei:
6. Impact:
C. Isaac Newton
1. Principia Mathematica:
2. Law of Gravity:
3. Impacts:
D. Deism
1. Definition:
2. Social Impacts:
3. Religious/Political Impacts:
III. Enlightenment
A. Philosophe Movement
1. Voltaire:
2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau:
3. Baron de Montesquieu:
4. John Locke:
5. Thomas Hobbes:
6. Adam Smith:
B. Impact on World
1. Europe:
2. Americas:
3. Asia/Africa:
IV. Absolute Monarchy
A. Habsburg Family
1. Who?:
2. Where?:
B. Absolute Monarchy in Europe
1. France:
2. Prussia:
3. Spain:
4. Austria:
C. Limited Government
1. England:
2. The Netherlands:
V. Capitalism
A. Origins
1. Crusades
2. Italian City-States:
3
3. Feudalism:
4. Putting-Out System:
5. Adam Smith:
B. Mercantilism
1. Import/Export Ratio:
2. Importance of Gold:
3. Taxes:
4. Banking:
C. Joint-Stock Companies
1. Investment:
2. British East India Company:
3. Dutch East India Company:
4. Virginia Company:
5. Plymouth Company:
6. Muscovy Trading Company:
VI. Exploration
A. Early Exploration
1. Vikings:
2. Marco Polo:
3. Ibn Battuta:
4. Zheng He:
a. Ming Dynasty:
b. Purpose:
c. Fleets:
d. Voyages:
e. Americas?:
f. End of Chinese Exploration:
B. Portuguese Exploration
1. Caravel:
2. Prince Henry “The Navigator”:
3. Bartolomeu Dias:
4. Vasco da Gama:
5. Pedro Cabral:
6. Ferdinand Magellan:
C. Spanish Colonization
1. Christopher Columbus:
2. Amerigo Vespucci:
3. Vasco de Balboa:
4. Ponce de Leon:
5. Hernando De Soto:
6. Alvar Cabeza de Vaca:
7. Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo:
8. Francisco Coronado:
D. Conflict
1. Spain vs. Portugal:
2. Papal Bull of May 4, 1493:
3. Treaty of Tordesillas:
E. Spanish vs. Aztecs
1. Hernando Cortes:
2. Moctezuma II:
3. Aztec Gold:
4. Aztec Instability:
5. Disease:
6. Genocide:
F. Spanish vs. Inca
1. Francisco Pizarro:
4
2. Atahualpa:
3. Inca Gold:
4. El Dorado:
5. Disease:
6. Inca Destruction:
G. Iberian Colonial Organization
1. The “3 G’s”:
2. Viceroyalties:
3. Viceroys:
4. Catholic Clergy:
H. American Colonial Economy
1. Encomienda System:
2. Encomenderos:
3. Mit’a System:
4. Gold/Silver Mining:
5. Sugar Plantations:
6. Cattle Raising:
I. Colonial Social Organization
1. Peninsulares:
2. Creoles:
3. Mestizos:
4. Mulattoes:
5. Native Americans/African Slaves:
J. French Colonization
1. Purposes:
2. Geovanni de Verrazano:
3. Jacques Cartier:
4. Sieur de La Salle:
K. English Colonization
1. Purposes:
2. John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto):
3. Henry Hudson:
4. Roanoke Colony:
5. Jamestown:
6. North American Governments:
7. Indentured Servitude:
L. Euro/Native Relations
1. Concept of Land Ownership:
2. Water Rights:
3. Government/Law:
4. Civil Rights:
VII. Columbian Exchange
A. Origin
1. Who?:
2. What?:
3. When?:
B. Cultural Diffusion
1. Goods Exchanged:
2. Cultures Exchanged:
3. Diseases Exchanged:
C. Atlantic Economy
1. Most Important Goods:
2. Plantation System:
3. Labor:
VIII. Atlantic Slave Trade
A. Early African Contact with Europeans
5
1. Internal Slave Trade:
2. Trans-Saharan Slave Trade:
3. Arabic Slave Trade:
4. Portuguese Exploration/Conquest:
5. Portugal vs. Kongo:
6. Portugal vs. Angola:
7. Swahili State Trade:
B. The New World
1. Slave Traders:
2. Middle Passage:
3. Destination:
Location
Brazil
British West Indies
French West Indies
Spanish America
Dutch West Indies
U.S. & pre-1776 North America
Danish West Indies (Virgin Islands)
*West Indies=Caribbean Islands*
C. Impact
1. Physical Impact:
2. African Diaspora:
3. Asante:
4. Benin:
5. Dahomey:
6. Cape Colony:
IX. Gunpowder Empires
A. Ottoman Empire
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Timur (Mongol):
4. Political Characteristics:
5. Suleiman The Magnificent:
6. Janissaries:
7. Devshirme:
8. Sultan:
9. Vizier:
10. Economic Characteristics:
11. Battle of Lepanto:
12. Cultural Characteristics:
B. Safavid Empire
1. Location:
2. Origin:
3. Shi’ite Influence:
4. “Hidden Imam”:
5. Ismail:
6. Twelver Shi’ism:
7. Safavids vs. Ottomans:
8. Battle of Chaldiran:
9. Shah Abbas I:
10. Political Characteristics:
11. Economic Characteristics:
12. Cultural Characteristics:
Number of Slaves
3,646,800
1,665,000
1,600,200
1,552,000
(702,000 to Cuba)
500,000
399,000
28,000
6
C. Mughal Empire
1. Location:
2. Origins:
3. Babur:
4. Nanuk:
5. Akbar:
6. Political Characteristics:
7. Economic Characteristics:
8. Cultural Characteristics:
9. Shah Jahan:
10. “Divine Faith”:
11. Sikhism:
12. Decline:
X. Russia
A. Origins
1. Rus:
2. Slavs:
3. Novgorod:
4. Kiev:
5. Byzantine Empire:
6. Moscow:
B. Kievan Russia
1. Conversion to Christianity:
2. Vladimir:
3. Yaroslav The Wise:
4. Impact of Trade:
C. Mongol Rule
1. Impact on Kiev:
2. Mongol Tax System:
3. Impact on Moscow:
4. Ivan I:
5. Ivan III:
6. Cossacks:
7. Battle of Ugra River:
8. Independence:
D. Ivan IV (The Terrible)
1. Feudalism:
2. Land Redistribution:
3. “The Time of Trouble”:
E. Romanov Dynasty
1. Mikhail Romanov:
2. Peter The Great:
a. Background:
b. Beliefs:
c. “Window on the West”:
3. Military Reform:
4. Social Reform:
5. Bureaucratic Reform:
6. Impact of Peter The Great:
XI. Ming China (1368-1644 C.E.)
A. Fall of the Mongols
1. Inflation:
2. Huang He Flood:
3. Economic Problems:
4. Revolt:
7
B. Ju Yuanzhang
1. Red Turbans:
2. Siege of Nanjing:
3. Battle of Lake Poyang:
4. Hongwu:
C. Forbidden City
1. Return to Beijing:
2. Examination System:
3. Return of Merit System Bureaucracy:
D. Economics
1. Trade:
2. Manufacture:
3. Technological Innovation:
E. Diplomacy
1. Japan:
2. Europe:
3. Christianity:
4. Matteo Ricci:
5. Jesuit Interaction:
F. Decline
1. Invaders:
2. Weak Emperors:
3. Peasant Rebellions:
4. Mandate of Heaven:
XII. Qing (Manchu) Dynasty (1644-1912 C.E.)
A. Manchu
1. Location:
2. Conquering of the Ming:
3. Manchu/Chinese Cultural Differences:
B. Political Organization
1. Chinese Discrimination:
2. Confucian Scholar-Gentry:
3. Examination System Competition:
4. “Theatre State”:
5. Kangxi:
6. Qianlong:
C. Economic Characteristics
1. Agriculture:
2. Trade:
3. Population Growth:
D. Cultural Characteristics
1. Social Classes:
2. Patriarchal:
3. Women’s Rights:
4. Social Class Power:
5. Neo-Confucianism:
6. Yongle Encyclopedia:
7. Collection of Books:
8. Porcelain:
XIII. Japan
A. Decline of Fujiwara
1. Splintering of Shogunate:
2. Local Control:
3. Lack of Unity:
4. Rise of Daimyo Influence:
8
B. Social System
1. Social Classes:
2. Violence:
3. Civil War:
C. Toyotomi Hideyoshi
1. Goal:
2. Invasions:
3. Impact:
D. Tokugawa Shogunate
1. Tokugawa Ieyasu:
2. New Capital:
3. Unity/Autonomy:
4. Alternate Attendance:
E. Economic Change
1. Agriculture:
2. Population Growth:
3. Impact of Geography:
F. Cultural Characteristics
1. Impact of Confucianism:
2. Daimyo vs. Merchant:
3. Plight of the Samurai:
4. Impact of Confucianism/Buddhism/Shintoism:
5. Increase in Literacy:
6. Movable Type:
7. Kabuki:
G. European Contact
1. Portuguese:
2. Introduction of Christianity:
3. Forced Isolationism:
4. Understanding the European Threat: