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STANDARD 3 NETWORKS & THE INTERNET Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 Computer Technology Part 5 Objectives 1 & 2 Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 STANDARD 1 – COMMUNICATION NETWORKS Computers as tools Impact on society Vocabulary Part 5 COMPUTERS Computers are powerful tools used for Finding Sharing Storing Information What are the risks to using a computer for these purposes? Finding Misinformation Plagiarism Reliance on others for information Sharing Copyright Identity protection Bullying Storing Information cannot be deleted—easy to trace Nothing online is sacred Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 SAFE, LEGAL, RESPONSIBLE It is important to use the computer and the internet in a way that is SAFE, LEGAL and RESPONSIBLE. Check for copyright Think before you post Be careful what you put in writing Know the law and the penalties Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 INTERNET VOCABULARY Internet – A vast computer network linking smaller computer networks worldwide. World Wide Web - an information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another. Browsers - A p r o g r a m w i t h a g r a p h i c a l u s e r interface for displaying HTML files, used to navigate the World Wide Web Hyperlinks - a link from a hypertext file or document to another location or file, typically activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image on the screen. Homepage - the introductory page of a website, typically serving as a table of contents for the site. Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 INTERNET VOCABULARY Favorites – record the address of (a website or other data) to enable quick access in the future Plugins – optional software additions that enhance and/or add functionality to a web browser. P l ug i n s l e t y o u w a t c h m o v i e s o r a n i m a t i o n , h e a r s o un d a n d m us i c , r e a d s p e c i a l A d o be do c um e n t s , play online games, do 3-D interactions. Tabs - I n t h e a r e a o f g r a p h i c a l u s e r interfaces (GUI), a tabbed document interface or a Tab is one that allows multiple documents to be contained within a single window, using tabs as a navigational widget for switching between sets of documents. Browser History - A record of web pages that you have visited in the past. Most web browsers allow you to view and manage your history from within the browser itself. Downloads/Uploads – T r a n s f e r of data to or from one computer system to another. Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 DOMAINS A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the Internet Domain Type .net Network .gov Government .edu Education .com Company .mil Military .org organization Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 STANDARD 2 – THE INTERNET Network types Clients and servers Fundamental principals NETWORK Two or more computers and other devices (printers or scanners) that are connected, for the purpose of sharing data and programs Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 NETWORK TERMS File Server A computer connected to a network that distributes resources to other users Contains the software to manage and process files for other network users Host Computer Refers to any computer the provides services to network users Used more commonly with the Internet Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 NETWORK TERMS (CONTINUED) Workstation Refers to a personal computer connected to a network Example Each computer in the classroom Client Refers to the software on a computer that allows the user to access the server Example Novell Netware Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) Small circuit board that cover ts the digital signals from a computer into signals that can travel over a network Desktop Computers have the NIC inside the case with a jack on the outside for the network cable Example Our classroom computers Notebook or Laptop Computers have a special card that fits into a slot or opening in the case Example The top picture is a NIC from a Desktop computer. The bottom picture is a card from a laptop. Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 NETWORK CONNECTIONS DEVICES Modem A device that sends and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines. Hubs A device that connects several components of a network Routers A device that connects at least two networks Gateway A device that serves as an entrance to another network All of these can be used alone or combination Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) Computer network that is located within a limited geographical area, such as a school or small business Example The ERMS Network Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) Interconnected group of computers and peripherals that cover a large geographical area, such as multiple buildings Examples The Jordan School District Network The Internet Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 IP ADDRESSES A unique identifying number assigned to each computer connected to the internet Example – 204.127.102.001 Each computer on a network should have its own separate IP Address or conflicts will occur when there are duplicate addresses Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 REVIEW WAN LAN NIC Server Client 1 Hub Router Modem Client 2 Gateway Client 3 Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 STANDARD 3 – DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP Personal vs. Professional Ethical behavior Licensing WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BET WEEN PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION? Confusing the dif ference between the two has caused the downfall of many power people Your personal communications, if handled incorrectly, can become public and destroy your professional life Use dif ferent email accounts for dif ferent purposes Always remember that anything digital can become public Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP VOCABULARY Spamming – Sending the same message indiscriminately to large number of recipients Flaming – hostile and insulting interaction between internet users Cyber-Bullying - the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. Libel - a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation. Slander - the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation. Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 CENSORSHIP Censorship – The control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or vided on the internet. May be carried out by governments, private organizations, or in individual homes. Intellectual property - a work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a manuscript or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc. Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 COPYRIGHT Any software or data created with a computer is owned by its creator and is automatically copyrighted as soon as it's in any tangible form. "Tangible" means it's recorded somehow. So you can't copyright a thought, but if you write it down the writing is automatically copyrighted without doing anything else. No—you can’t sue for someone “stealing your idea” Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 PIRACY Piracy is the use of works under copyright, infringing the copyright holder's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works, without permission from the copyright holder. Is it illegal to rip music from the library onto your computer? Is it legal to rip a copy of music you purchased onto your computer? Is it legal to make a second CD copy of music you purchased? Is it legal to give that second copy to a friend for no charge? Is it legal to sell that copy to a friend? Is it legal to give a friend a copy of software you have uninstalled from your own computer? Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 PUBLIC DOMAIN LICENSE Public domain software is software that has been placed in the public domain, in other words there is absolutely no ownership such as copyright, trademark, or patent. Snafu, XOS, SMUCL, BLAST, Phyz, etc. Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 FREEWARE LICENSE Freeware – Still owned and copyrighted, but available for use at no cost May have some limitations attached such as Cannot be changed Cannot be redistributed Personal non-commercial use only Examples: Pegasus mail, Opera, Mpeg Steamclip Not the same as “Free software” where the source code is available to the user, who can make changes, improve and re-distribute. Examples: Audacity, Evolve 4.0, VirtualBox, Greenshot, Cdex, etc Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 SHAREWARE LICENSE Shareware is proprietary software that is provided to users without payment on a trial basis and is often limited by any combination of functionality, availability, or convenience. Functionality – Only some aspects of the program are available for free Availability – Program only works for a limited amount of time Convenience – Nagging dialogue boxes that appear until you purchase “Free Trial” or “trial version” indicates shareware. Restrictions apply; modification, sharing, studying, redistribution, etc. Examples: Pocket tanks, Winzip, WinRAR, Dropbox Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Indicates that the copyright holder reserves, or holds for their own use, all the rights provided by copyright law, such as distribution, performance, and creation of derivative works; that is, they have not waived any such right. You can install and operate the software on only one PC at a time. You can make only one back-up copy of the software. If you give the software to anyone, you also give up permission to use the software. You are not to modify the software in any way. Examples: Microsoft Office, Photoshop— pretty much everything! Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 CREATIVE COMMONS Creative commons: A creative commons license allows the creator to dictate how others may use their work. The creator keeps the copyright but allows others to copy and distribute their work provided they give credit and only on the conditions the creator specifies. You can do filters when you search to ensure that you are not breaking copyright law. In google, do an advanced search. Pull down the menu for usage rights. Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5 No copyright, free to all • Public Domain Copyrighted but free • Freeware Copyrighted with use restrictions • Shareware Copyrighted, at a cost, all restrictions possible • All Rights Reserved Copyrighted, restrictions stipulated by creator. Free to share. • Creative Commons Megan Rees ERMS 12/13 Part 5