Download SLEEP DISORDERS

SLEEP
DISORDERS
INSOMNIA
Sleep Disorders
pp. 155-157
What is Insomnia?
“…is an experience of
inadequate or poor
quality sleep as
characterized by one or
more … sleep
complaints.”
- National Sleep Foundation
Sleep Complaints
characteristics of insomnia
 Difficulty initiating sleep
 Difficulty maintaining sleep
 Waking too early in the morning
Types of Insomnia
 Acute Insomnia
 short term – due to temporary situation
 Stress
 change/loss in a job or relationship
 jet lag
 lasts up to a month
 it is treatable
 prescription medication can help the
problem
Types of Insomnia
 Chronic Insomnia
 long-term – experienced for a month
or more
 could be caused by
 medical issues
 physical or psychological conditions
 another sleep disorder
 medications
 substances (drugs)
 no known cure
Facts about Insomnia
 70 million Americans are affected.
 Direct costs of insomnia = $14
billion/year.
 Indirect costs add up to $28 billion/year.
 58% of adults in the U.S. experience
symptoms a few nights a week.
 Insomnia comes from the Latin “in” = no
and “somnia” = sleep
Narcolepsy
Sleep Disorders
pp. 155-157
What is Narcolepsy?
“… a chronic neurological
disorder caused by the
brain’s inability to
regulate sleep-wake
cycles normally.”
-
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Characteristics of
Narcolepsy
 fleeting urges to sleep throughout the
day
 sleep may last from a few seconds to
several minutes
 rarely, sleep may last for an hour or more
 involuntary sleep episodes
 drowsiness during the daytime
 frequent awakenings during nighttime
sleep
Who Gets Narcolepsy?
 1 in every 2,000 Americans
 135,000 individuals nationally
 1 in 500,000 in Israel
 1 in 600 in Japan
 affects genders equally
What are the Symptoms?
 Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
 experienced by nearly all patients
 typically the first noticeable sign
 described as
 a lack of energy
 a depressed mood
 extreme exhaustion
 Experience involuntary sleep episodes
 no more than seconds at a time
When do Symptoms
Appear?
 first appearance is between 10-25
years old
 can appear earlier/later in life
 symptoms tend to worsen two/three
decades after initial diagnosis
 appearance in school-aged children
 connection to childhood behaviors
 attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Video Clip of the Week
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUTgnvJK_hs&feature=related
Sleep
Apnea
Sleep Disorders
pp. 155-157
What is Sleep Apnea?
“… potentially life-threatening
condition that requires immediate
medical attention. The risks of
undiagnosed obstructive sleep
apnea include heart attacks,
strokes, impotence, irregular
heartbeat, high blood pressure
and heart disease.”
- Stanford University’s Center on Sleep Disorders
Causes of Sleep Apnea
 Sleep apnea occurs when enough air
cannot move into your lungs while you are
sleeping
 This happens when…
 your throat muscles and tongue relax
more than what is normal
 your tonsils and adenoids are large
 you are overweight
 small airway size in the mouth and
throat
Characteristics of Sleep
Apnea
 Breathing stops or becomes very shallow
while you are sleeping
 10-20 seconds or more
 20-30 occurrences per hour
Sleep Apnea - Snoring and Gasping
 Insufficient amount of air flows into your
lungs
 amount of oxygen in your blood may drop
 Normal breaths start with a loud snort or
choking sound
Continuous Positive
Airway Pressure
• Mask is worn over
your nose during sleep
• Air is blown into your
throat at a preset
pressure level
• The forced air acts to
keep your throat open
Apnea Mouthpiece
 Adjusts your lower
jaw and your
tongue to help keep
your airway open
while sleeping
 Decreases the
resistance to
breathing –
increases the air
flow into your lungs
Facts about Sleep Apnea
 More than 12 million Americans have
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
 Sleep apnea is more common in men
 1 in 25 middle-aged men have sleep
apnea that causes them to be sleepy
during the day (1 in 50 women)
 Sleep Apnea is more common in
African Americans, Hispanics and
Pacific Islanders