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Study Guide for Final…………………………………………………Atmosphere What causes weather? The interaction of the Sun and the atmosphere. The Sun is the driving force. Define dew point Temperature at which condensation occurs. The closer the air temperature and dew point are the higher the relative humidity is Explain why it causes water to form on a piece of grass in the morning? Where does the water come from? Over night the air temperature drops to dew point and the air becomes saturated. Dew is formed as water vapor in the air turns from a gas to a liquid and plops on the grass What causes wind? Wind is caused by changes in air pressure which can be cause by a change in temperature. Wind moves from high to low pressure Why do animals sweat? Where does the heat that allows the water to evaporate come from? Animals sweat to release waste and cool off. The water that is moved to the surface through pores uses body heat to change from a liquid to a gas and evaporate. Body heat is lost and the body cools down. Which areas of the country see the largest range in temperatures during the year? Which see the smallest? Why? Largest range – cities in the middle of land Smallest range – cities closest to large bodies of water Water has a high specific heat so it can absorb a lot of energy from the Sun before its temperature goes up. (heats up slow) Land has a low specific heat. It heats up after absorbing less energy from the Sun (heats up fast).Cities by land get hotter; cities by water stay cooler. Fill in the chart Type of front Warm Cold Temperature that follows(warm/cold) Warmer Cooler Weather as front passes Rain light or heavy; usually not T-storm T-storms Moisture content that follows(humid/dry) Humid; cloudy Dry; sunny Define air mass: Large body of air that has similar temperature and humidity. Area where it is formed determines properties. Place where two air mass meet is called a front. How different the two air masses are determines type of weather. Define weather Condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time; minute to minute, day to day Define climate Average of weather; trend over time….usually focuses on temperature and rainfall Fill in the chart. Type of heat transfer Definition example Radiation Transfer by waves Conduction Transfer by touch Convection Transfer by flow of material Crayons melting in my van; Sun heating a sunroom Handle of pan feel hot; ice feels cold; egg frying in a pan Water boiling in a pot; liquid mantle moving in the Earth; hot air rising and cold air sinking Explain what the inside of a cumulonimbus cloud feels/looks like? Feels rough; lots of up drafts and down drafts. Change in temperature from bottom to top; cold up top, warmer below Grey, hazy Wet Define a land breeze Wind moves from the land to the ocean or body of water. (winds are named by where they come from) Usually occurs at night Draw a picture showing the temperatures of the land and water and the movement of air. (see next page) Lower density Higher density 12*C (54*F) 22 *C (71 *F) Define a sea breeze Wind moves from the sea (Ocean) to the land. Usually occurs during day Draw a picture showing the temperatures of the land and water and the movement of air. 28*C 22*C How would you describe air to a second grader? Air is a mixture of solids, liquids and gasses Draw a station model the matches the following description: Air temp - 34 Dew point – 31 Cloud cover – You tell me Wind – North, 17 mph Barometric pressure 998 and falling Present weather – you tell me* *Since 34 31 998 the dew point and air temperature are close you should assume clouds. Since the barometric pressure is falling you should assuming precipitation. Air temp – 78 Dew point – 60 Cloud cover – you tell me Wind – calm Barometric pressure 1020 and rising Present weather – you tell me *Since the barometric pressure is rising and 78 1020 the dew point and air temperature are farther apart, you should 60 assuming no precipitation and little The further apart air temperature and dew point are the drier the air is. Dry air = no clouds or to no cloud cover. precipitation. Why is Ozone important to the Earth? Ozone can reflect uv rays. uv radiation can cause cancer and weaken immune systems. Draw the water cycle. Which step in the water cycle occurs when temperatures reach dew point? How do you know? How does most water return to the oceans?