Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
1 2 Miloš Bogdanović [email protected] ASTROLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY Between Zodiac Signs, Genes and Free Will Belgrade, Serbia 3 BRIEF HISTORY OF ASTROLOGY The oldest historical sources revealing humanity’s belief in astrology originate from the ancient Babylon. In 1853, in the area of ancient Nineveh, today's Iraq, thousands of clay tablets with writings in cuneiform alphabet were found. They reveal a considerable inclination of ancient Babylonians to superstition. Even an accidental water spill was given a mystical significance. The future was foretold in various ways, from inspecting the intestines of sacrificed animals, to reading the stars: "If in Nisannu the normal sunrise (looks) sprinkled with blood: there will be battles in the country." (Enuma Anu Enlil, line 4; 18th and 16th century BC) "If Jupiter passes at the head of Venus: Akkad will be conquered with a strong weapon. If Jupiter passes at the shoulder of Venus: Elam will be conquered with a strong weapon. If Jupiter passes at the right of Venus: Guti will be conquered with a strong weapon. If Jupiter passes at the left of Venus: Ammurru will be conquered with a strong weapon." (Enuma Anu Enlil, tablet 63, line 2-5) "If a king takes part in ceremonies in the month Ayyaru, the result will be good luck." (Shumma Alu, tablet 11) According a legend, astrology was discovered by Nechepso and Petosiris, before whom the stars revealed themselves and proclaimed the secrets of astrological science. The astrologer Vettius Valens (second century AD) reports that Nechepso himself—pharaoh in the twenty-sixth dynasty, 677-672 BC— described his revelation so: "It appeared to me, as I prayed the whole night and looked up to the heavens, that the sky opened up and out of the heavens sounded a voice. Then a sky- blue robe, which depicted the night sky, wrapped itself around my body. And thus I experienced the whole immortal order in the movements of the universe." (Wilhelm Spiegelberg, "Eine 4 neue Spur des Astrologen Petosiris." Heidelberg: Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1922, 3rd Abh.) In ancient times, there was a popular belief introduced by the Greek philosopher Aristotle that the stars are beings with supernatural intelligence which, due to their divine nature, influence life on Earth. Hence the names of the planets and their corresponding pagan divinities - Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, etc. The greatest divinities in the sky, i.e. the brightest celestial bodies (the Sun, the Moon and the planets) became rulers of different constellations (groups of stars). The supreme pagan divinity – the Sun, became a ruler of Leo constellation, the Moon became a ruler of Cancer, Saturn ruled Capricorn, Mars ruled Aries and Scorpio, Mercury ruled Gemini and Virgo, Jupiter became a ruler of Sagittarius and Pisces, Venus ruled Taurus and Libra, and Saturn ruled Capricorn and Aquarius. Once the new planets were found, Uranus became the ruler of Aquarius, Neptune ruled Pisces, and Pluto ruled Scorpio. Pagan divinities also became the rulers of weekdays. The Sun became the ruler of Sunday, the Moon the ruler of Monday, Mars ruled Tuesday, Mercury - Wednesday, Jupiter - Thursday, Venus - Friday, and Saturn ruled Saturday. In some languages the names of the days still testify to this ancient belief. For instance, in English, Sunday is the day of the Sun, Monday - the day of the Moon, Saturday - the day of Saturn. Such a declaration of celestial bodies as divinities naturally collided with Jewish, and later with Christian and Islamic monotheism. While the polytheists attempted to learn their destiny by analyzing the Zodiac signs, the biblical monotheism shifted the responsibility for destiny to people themselves, and conditioned it with their fulfillment of God's moral demands. Observing God's law brought God's blessing, and its violation - damnation. With the intention to remind people of the revelation of God’s law - the Ten Commandments, Moses uttered the words which would cause a long 5 term conflict between astrologers on one side, and the orthodox Judaism and Christianity on the other: "And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the midst of heaven, with darkness, clouds, and thick darkness; And the Lord spake unto you out of the midst of the fire: ye heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude; only ye heard a voice; And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone. ... Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the Lord spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire, Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female. ... And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them and serve them, which the Lord thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven." (Deuteronomy 4:11-19) (The concept of worshipping and service to false gods in religion has a deeper meaning than formal worshipping and service. For instance, the Apostle Paul said about gluttons that stomach was their god. Any seeking of satisfaction or an object of reliance is in a sense seeking of god, and therefore believing that the planets as divine personalities influence our spiritual life represents to the religious people a violation of the First Commandment which says: "You shall have no other gods before me.") In The History of Christian Church, we can read why the Christians were very hostile towards astrology in the beginning: "The Christians did not want to let their fate be determined according to the stars or to expect help from gods by whose names the stars were called at the time." (PGI. Malicki, The History of Christian Church, pg 193) In The Astrological Lexicon we read: 6 "In the first centuries after Christ, an alternating duel between Christian belief in salvation and astrology followed; Christianity firstly excluded pagan cults, especially the cults of the Sun and the Moon, in order to suppress them, and then it returned them into its system, although previously modified." (Udo Becker, Lexikon der Astrologie) In the secondary century AD, the Greek astrologer Claudius Ptolemy, attempting to identify celestial bodies as one of the key external factors in the character formation of individuals and entire populations, stated the then-present character differences between the populace of Northern and Southern Europe: "Those who live under the more northern parallels, those, I mean, who have the Bears over their heads, since they are far removed from the zodiac and the heat of the sun, are therefore cooled; but because they have a richer share of moisture, which is most nourishing and is not there exhausted by heat, they are white in complexion, straighthaired, tall and well-nourished, and somewhat cold by nature; these too are savage in their habits, because their dwelling places are continually cold. The wintry character of their climate, the size of their plants, and the wildness of their animals are in accord with these qualities." (Claudius Ptolemy, The Tetrabiblos, pg 53) In the second century AD, Christian writer Tatian criticized astrology for giving people excuse for committing evil acts: "For, having shown them a plan of the position of the stars, like dice-players, they introduced Fate, a flagrant injustice. For the judge and the judged are made so by Fate; the murderers and the murdered, the wealthy and the needy, are the offspring of the same Fate; and every nativity is regarded as a theatrical entertainment by those beings of whom Homer says,- 'Among the gods Rose laughter irrepressible.' ... Such are the demons; these are they who laid down the doctrine of Fate. ... But we are superior to Fate." (Address to 7 the Greeks; The writings of Tatian and Theophilus, pg 1213) Due to the criticism aimed at superstition, paganism and debauchery of the world, early Christian Church became disdained and persecuted by the people. And then there was a compromise. Christianity became a state religion. Nonetheless, masses of pagans acquired only Christian names, whereas they kept astrology along with the other polytheistic customs under a new veil as much as they possibly could. The names of the pagan gods got replaced with the names of the Apostles and Christian saints. Ljubomir Nenadović wrote about the formal transformation of Roman paganism into Christianity: "When (Rome) realized that it fought Christianity in vain, it turned into a zealous Christian: it cast Jupiter’s statue into the shape of Saint Paul, whom it formerly crucified. It put crosses and statues of the Apostles to the non-Christian obelisks and pillars." (Ljubomir Nenadović, The Complete Works, pg 519) The dark of the Middle Ages descended, and despite the official opposition of the Church authorities and its occasional repressive measures against the astrology adherents, astrology itself still remained very popular among people. In the seventh century AD, the century of religious superstition, Saint John Damascene tried in vain to use his rational arguments to dissuade people from astrological superstition: "Indeed, if all our actions depend on the courses of the stars, all we do is done of necessity: and necessity precludes either virtue or vice. But if we possess neither virtue nor vice, we do not deserve praise or punishment, and God, too, will turn out to be unjust, since He gives good things to some and afflicts others. Nay, He will no longer continue to guide or provide for His own creatures, if all things are carried and swept along in the grip of necessity. And the faculty of reason will be superfluous to us: for if we are not masters of any of our actions, deliberation is quite superfluous. Reason, 8 indeed, is granted to us solely that we might take counsel, and hence all reason implies freedom of will." (Paul Haffner, The Mystery of Reason, pg 246, Published by Gracewing Publishing, 2001) Eventually, astrology gained greater support from the authorities of the Western Church. In The Astrological Lexicon we read: "It is an unquestionable fact that during two thousand long Christian history the relationship between astrology and Christianity was continuously designated by a controversy: the periods of absolute anathematizing kept replacing the periods of a certain admission, when, for instance, even the popes like Nicholas V, Pius II, Sixtus IV, Alexander IV, Julius II, Leo X or Paul II, had their court astrologers." (Udo Becker, Lexikon der Astrologie) In The Catholic Encyclopedia we read: "Emperors and popes became votaries of astrology—Charles IV and V, and Popes Sixtus IV, Julius II, Leo X and Paul III. When these rulers lived astrology was, so to say, the regulator of official life; it is a fact characteristic of the age, that at the papal and imperial courts ambassadors were not received in audience until the court astrologer had been consulted. Regiomontanus, the distinguished Bavarian mathematician practised astrology, which from that time on assumed the character of a bread-winning profession, and as such was not beneath the dignity of so lofty an intellect as Kepler. ... Among the zealous patrons of the art were the Medici. Catherine de' Medici made astrology popular in France. She erected an astrological observatory for herself near Paris, and her court astrologer was the celebrated "magician" Michel de Notredame (Nostradamus) who in 1555 published his principal work on astrology—a work still regarded as authoritative among the followers of his art. Another well-known man was Lucas Gauricus the court astrologer of Popes Leo X and Clement VII who published a 9 large number of astrological treatises." (Catholic Encyclopedia, 1907, Volume II, pp 18-25, Article on Astrology) Pope Sixtus IV is the first Pope who actively exercised astrology. Pope Julius II specified the date of his coronation as per the advice of astrologers. Pope Paul III, who legalized the Jesuit Order, sought advice from astrologers and convened the conclaves according to the horoscope. Pope Leo X formed the Department of Astrology at the University of Rome. Catholic cathedrals were often decorated with astrological symbols. And then, for a while, astrology was almost entirely rejected and forgotten under the influence of the new Age of Enlightenment. It all began with Martin Luther, whose arguments against astrology did not differ much from the early Christian ones: "God has created and placed the stars in the firmament, to the end they might give light to the kingdoms of the earth, make people glad and joyful in the Lord, and be good signs of years and seasons. But the star-peepers feign that those creatures, of God created, darken and trouble the earth. ... The upright and true Christian religion opposes and confutes all such fables. ... Astrology is framed by the devil, to the end people may be scared from entering into the state of matrimony, and from every divine and human office and calling. ... Lastly, to believe in the stars, or to trust thereon, or to be affrighted thereat, is idolatry, and against the first commandment." (Martin Luther, The Table Talk of Martin Luther, pg 343-344) The idea of enlightenment appealed to people's common sense to take responsibility for themselves and their lives into their own hands. As such, it naturally collided with the determinism which sprang from the belief that humanity is governed by celestial bodies. "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one's understanding without guidance from another. This 10 immaturity is self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage to use it without guidance from another. Sapere Aude! [dare to know] "Have courage to use your own understanding!"--that is the motto of enlightenment. Laziness and cowardice are the reasons why so great a proportion of men, long after nature has released them from alien guidance (natura-liter maiorennes), nonetheless gladly remain in lifelong immaturity, and why it is so easy for others to establish themselves as their guardians. It is so easy to be immature. ... The guardians who have so benevolently taken over the supervision of men have carefully seen to it that the far greatest part of them (including the entire fair sex) regard taking the step to maturity as very dangerous, not to mention difficult. Having first made their domestic livestock dumb, and having carefully made sure that these docile creatures will not take a single step without the gocart to which they are harnessed, these guardians then show them the danger that threatens them, should they attempt to walk alone. Now this danger is not actually so great, for after falling a few times they would in the end certainly learn to walk; but an example of this kind makes men timid and usually frightens them out of all further attempts. Thus, it is difficult for any individual man to work himself out of the immaturity that has all but become his nature. He has even become fond of this state and for the time being is actually incapable of using his own understanding, for no one has ever allowed him to attempt it. Rules and formulas, those mechanical aids to the rational use, or rather misuse, of his natural gifts, are the shackles of a permanent immaturity." (Immanuel Kant, Konigsberg in Prussia, 30 September 1784; Peter Loptson, Readings on Human Nature, pg 121) And so, the Age of Enlightenment began. Anything that could not stand the criticism of sound reason was rejected as 11 superstition. In the first edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica we read: "ASTROLOGY, a conjectural science, which teaches to judge of the effects and influences of the stars, and to foretel future events by the situation and different aspects of the heavenly bodies. This science has long ago become a just subject of contempt and ridicule." (Entry on "Astrology", Encyclopaedia Britannica, first edition, 1771) The astrologers themselves admit: “By the end of the 17th century astrology vanished.” (Ninoslav Šafarić, Mundane Astrology, pg 8) "Then astrology fell into a decline with the Age of Enlightenment, the major European universities stopped teaching astrology, and by 1700, very few people were interested in the subject. In the late 1700s, however, interest in astrology in the West began to resurface, with a small but dedicated following." (Nina Gryphon, http://gryphonastrology.com/blog/a-shorthistory-of-astrology-and-astrology-faq/) Although astrology was not prohibited in any repressive ways, it lost its popularity alongside other superstitions. The belief that people alone are responsible for their own actions was in conflict with the belief that someone else beside themselves might be blamed for their fate. French enlightener Voltaire wrote: "Superstition is to religion what astrology is to astronomy the mad daughter of a wise mother. These daughters have too long dominated the earth." (Joseph McCabe, Selected Works of Voltaire, pg 110) It was believed that enlightenment would uproot any kind of superstition, that truth would unmask any delusion, and that justice would overpower any form of injustice. The new Age of humankind brought optimism that spread throughout the world. Enlightener Dositej Obradović (1742 – 1811) at that time sang: 12 “Here comes the age jolly and golden, When the meals are not forbidden!* Evangelical liberty will reign, Throwing the yoke off of all the men! Oh, golden age! Oh, times so sweet Of love that makes all our hearts beat!" (Dositej Obradović, Letter to Haralampous, pg. 1-2) Side by side with him, Ljubomir Nenadović, sang about his vision of the new mankind: “Enlightenment is bright like a ray of light There is no night anywhere in sight. Foolishness is down, truth now wears the crown. Toppled are the idols of all human pains, Now I see one throne wherefrom justice reigns.” (Ljubomir Nenadović, The Complete Works, pg. 181) However, the blessings of the New Age, even though they made life easier, in time became the temptation of human hedonism. The reformer John Wesley (1703-1791) wrote: "We ought not to forbid people to be diligent and frugal**: we must exhort all Christians, to gain all they can, and to save all they can: that is, in effect, to grow rich ! What way then (I ask again) can we take that our money may not sink us to the nethermost hell? There is one way, and there is no other under heaven. If those who gain all they can, and save all they can, will likewise give all they can." (John Wesley, The Works of the Rev. John Wesley, pg 150) For diligence and prudence were natural products of an enlightened spirit of a New Age person. However, by stating that such a spirit naturally lead to wealth, Wesley concluded that increasing the wealth also leads people into the temptation of selfishness and pride. That is why he warned the people of his time: 13 "Lay out nothing to gratify the pride of life, to gain the admiration or praise of men. ´So long as thou dost well unto thyself, men will speak good of thee.´ So long as thou art ´clothed in purple and fine linen, and farest sumptuously every day," no doubt many will applaud thy elegance of taste, thy generosity and hospitality. But do not buy their applause so dear. Rather be content with the honour that cometh from God." (John Wesley, The Use of Money, Sermon 50) * Dositej refers to superstitious abstinence from food on certain days of the week. ** In the enlightened New Age Europe prudence was not a result of stinginess (as was the case in the Catholicism of Central Europe); it was due to a lack of interest to waste money on various pleasures, which was considered a sin during those days. DR SPOCK ON THE DEGRADATION OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT IDEALS OF THE WESTERN CIVILIZATION "We've even lost our convictions about the purpose of human existence. ... In the past, it was assumed in many countries that man's main function in the world - over and above making a living - was to serve God, by carrying out his purposes as revealed by religion ... Much the same was true in America in the Colonial period. Children never had any idea that life was for their fulfillment. They were constantly exhorted to overcome their base natures in order to grow up to be pleasing in God's eyes ... In America very few children are raised to believe that their principal destiny is to serve their family, country and God ... However, I think that more of our children would grow up happier and more stable if they were acquiring a conviction, all through childhood, that the most important and the most fulfilling thing that human beings can do is to serve humanity in some fashion and live by their ideals. 14 There are enormous, frightening problems in our country and in the world. Through our reliance on initiative and materialism we have accomplished technological miracles. But as our physical needs are met it becomes embarrassingly evident that we have made no progress in human relations, in spiritual serenity or in world security. Our rates of divorce, suicide and crime are among the highest in the world ... We have an overwhelming supply of the most powerful weapons the world has even known. Yet we are in imminent danger of annihilation, with no solution remotely in sight and no sense of security. Because of our power we are interfering arrogantly in the affairs of other nations and arousing worldwide resentment ... Our only realistic hope as I see it is to bring up our children with a feeling that they are in this world not for their own satisfaction but primarily to serve others." (Benjamin Spock, Baby and Child Care, pg 12, 18-19) The meaning of human life, which was in the Age of Enlightenment directed towards the welfare of other people and the progress of the entire humanity, soon became redirected towards selfish exploits. The rational examination of our own motives and actions therefore ceased to be desirable. Unveiling of superstitions and delusions soon became rude, and the question of good and evil all the more relative. A need was formed to shift the responsibility of people away from themselves, and towards life conditions and external influences, which led to the revival of interest in astrology, parapsychology and Eastern religions in the middle of the 19th century. Referring to the new interest of the people in astrology, astrologers wrote: “150 to 180 years ago it started to wake again, at the beginning of the 20th century it revived” (Ninoslav Šafarić, Mundane Astrology, pg 8). The true resurrection of astrology occurred during the Great Depression after World War I. Nowadays, a daily newspaper or a TV program without astrological comments is unimaginable. That is why we dedicate this book to the concept of astrology. 15 THE ASTROLOGICAL PHENOMENON BETWEEN SCIENCE AND SUPERSTITION Contemporary astrologers nowadays do not attempt to justify the cause-and-effect connection between planetary positions and human behavior by the will of gods, but scientific explanations: “Man is 70% made of water, so it makes sense that the Moon affects him as much as it affects ebbs and tides!” (Maja Lončarić, Astrology – Stars Talk) It is true that some of our life activities are influenced by proper positions of certain celestial bodies. For instance, we wake up every morning in a distinct correlation with the emergence of the Sun in the horizon. Nevertheless, we do not get up from our sleep due to the position of the Sun, but because we have rested, and the position of the Sun in the sky only synchronizes the waking cycle. If the blinds are shut and we are not aware that the day has come, our waking will be the consequence of our inner biological clock and our body’s need for sleep. If such a close and large celestial body as the Sun cannot affect the synchronization of our biological processes in any other way except when it is visible, what can we say about the influence of other significantly smaller and more distant celestial bodies?! Scientist Drago I. Dragović calculated the difference between the strength of the gravitational field of a nearby Coca-Cola vending machine affecting a child at the moment of birth, and that of the biggest planet in the solar system- Jupiter (which is 1300 times bigger than the Earth, has 320 times larger mass than our planet, and is approximately 43 light-minutes away from us). The effect on the child by the gravitational field of the Coca-Cola vending machine out-strengthened Jupiter’s by about 3 times, so it is meaningless to claim that Jupiter can affect and determine the child’s fate to a greater extent than various objects in the child’s surroundings. Some astrologers will say that it is not the strength of the gravitational field that counts, but the angle in relation to the Earth. But then, what should we say about the influence of all those 16 numerous celestial bodies that we cannot see from the Earth due to their long distance, and whose influences in this case surely do exist?! Even if it was possible for the astrological factor to affect the formation of personal traits via some mystical force, then it would influence the child even before his birth, not only at the moment of birth. The constellations constantly change above out heads, not just throughout the year, but every day and every night, due to Earth’s rotation around its own axis. How can it not leave a trace on the fetus during the first nine months (which is more than 23 million seconds), and do it at the very first second after birth?! The constellations which are taken into consideration during horoscope calculation are not exactly located where we see them. We observe the light of their stars with delay, which is dependent upon their distance from us. We observe the closest star after Sun with the delay of more than four years. The stars belonging to a constellation are only seemingly placed in a plane when observed from the Earth. 17 Their reminiscence of the shapes of Sagittarius, Taurus, Leo, Pisces etc. is up to an individual interpreter's imagination and has nothing to do with their objective location in the sky; not even a two-dimensional one, let alone their actual three-dimensional position in the universe. Astrologers believe that the contours of creatures or things they see in the constellations incite adequate characters in people who were born at the time these contours were present in the sky. For instance, if someone was born in the constellation which reminds an astrologer of Libra, the astrologer then comes to the conclusion that the person will tend to measure and scale, and if they were born under the Zodiac sign of Capricorn, their character will resemble the stereotype people usually relate to goats. Let us note how the famous astrologer Linda Goodman in her bestseller "Linda Goodman's Sun Signs" correlates the appearance of a fish with the looks and character of those born under the sign of Pisces: "When you meet Pisces people, look first at their feet. They'll be quite noticeably small and dainty (including the men's), or else they'll be huge and spread out like a tired washerwoman's. Pisces eyes are liquid, heavy-lidded, and full of strange lights. Frequently, but not always, they're slightly protruding, bulbous and extremely compelling. The lungs are not strong, and weak toes and ankles may result from March births. The fish seem to have fallen arches and metatarsal injuries or superbly strong and supple feet. When life dumps him with a splash-a real belly-smacker-into a stagnant river of dismal failure and hopeless conditions, instead of leaping out of the murky danger, he's more inclined to hide behind his pale green illusions which keep him from making practical decisions." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 500, 501, 504) We can see how astrology is based on (the lack of) scientific knowledge thousands of years old, when people did not know that stars and planets only seemingly move around the Earth, that the distance of celestial bodies from the Earth (and thus their potential influence) differs, when they were not familiar with genetics and heritage, so they believed that the physical appearance of the 18 constellations in the sky determined the physical appearance of the persons born under this constellation. Any external influence which would incite an organism to act differently from what is purposeful to its existential needs would jeopardize the survival of the organism, which means that such organisms, susceptible to external influences determining their behavior, would be “flawed“, with jeopardized entity. Such organisms would not come into existence by means of the mechanisms of natural selection and evolution (because they do not have evolutionary advantage in the struggle for survival), nor would God create them as such (for it would be unfair if our rational personality was governed by some irrational celestial body). There is one more remnant from the past in contemporary astrology. Although an average astrologer seeks scientific explanations of the astrological phenomenon, they still interpret the effect of the astrological factor in a manner suitable to the ancient belief that the planets actually are divine personalities which affect people's character and behavior. In astrological literature we read: "One of the most surprising things about astrology is the way in which all kinds of detail can be obtained about people and things which one would expect to be quite beyond the province of the horoscope. ... It is not only possible but easy to determine from a birth map intimate details about the lives and affairs of the marriage partner´s family, friends, and dependents with astonishing accuracy." (Vivian E. Robson, Astrology and Sex, pg 140) In order to show the supposed foretelling power of astrological science, Vivian Robson provides a very grotesque example, such as: "The fifth house would furnish any details that might be required about a cat owned by the daughter of a charwoman employed by the wife´s sister-inlaw!" (Ibid, pg 143) 19 For instance, while speaking of the influence of the astrological factor when it comes to meeting a potential spouse, astrologer Vivian Robson claims: "Thus if the significator is in the tenth, the meeting will take place through business or at the office; if in the eleventh, through friends; and if in the third, on a journey, and so on." (Ibid, pg 140) Such an influence on events on Earth can be made by a reasonable being only, not by the effect of the natural laws! Although astrologers call upon science, i.e. how the Moon influences high and low tides, at the same time they interpret the influence of celestial bodies in such a way that in no way corresponds to the capability and the workings of the gravitational field. It is crystal clear that we cannot affect human character by any gravitational or magnetic field, let alone determine the moment of making acquaintance with that special someone, or the success of one's future. Such a manner of assigning human qualities to celestial bodies is a remnant from the ancient times, when it was believed that planets and stars are Pagan divinities who possess characteristics of personality and power to influence events on Earth. By definition, superstitions are beliefs in events which are predetermined by specific actions without a logical cause-and-effect connection between the actions and future events. As it is not possible to explain a cause-and-effect connection between planetary positions at the moment of birth and a person’s character, it is obvious that astrology is a variant of superstition. Naturally, every person carries responsibility on their conscience to reasonably question the meaning of their views and actions. As such, acceptance of belief in astrology, magic rituals and who knows what kinds of superstitions would definitely stand as some sort of an attack on their own reason and conscience. 20 We surely need to have a strong motive to counteract our own conscience and voice of reason. Not even the medieval church repression of astrologers or the arguments of contemporary scientific discoveries were able to remove astrology from people's conscience, because people have a need for astrology. We have a strong need to explain our actions in such a manner which will excuse us from our own responsibility, and shift it to some other sphere that does not require giving up the wrong principles in our lives. However, as a conscientious and responsible person will refuse to seek safety in a system whose explanations are contrary to commonsense logic, it is just as unreasonable to expect someone to counteract their own senses and conscience to negate the experience of the phenomenon they encountered. Even though the attempts of scientific explanations of the astrological phenomenon, given by the astrologers themselves, cannot sooth the conscience of reasonable people, the fact remains that “there is something in it”, i.e. that there is an extraordinary overlap between the traits of a Zodiac sign and the traits of a person born under the sign in certain cases. The purpose of our research and deliberation will be an attempt to explain why and when the astrological phenomenon seemingly functions. Astrologers recognize diverse types of people and justify their existence by different positions of planets and stars in the sky. We will explain that differences between people have quite concrete (mostly adaptive) reasons, among which there is no room for the astrological factor, nor would it make sense that the forming of our personality traits was affected by any other factor beside our existential needs and the needs of our sphere of influence. By means of psychological analysis we will explain that the psychological types among people adequate to certain Zodiac signs really do exist, but that they occur regardless of the sign a person is born under. That is why we will use the term psychological type of Aries, Taurus, Gemini, etc. which may correspond to many 21 individuals, even though they were not born under that sign or ascendant at all. Many readers will be aware that their psyche and physical appearance make them correspond to some other astrological sign other than that the one they belong to by birth. In our anthropological analysis we will explain the reasons why there are differences between the psychological types and thus the differences between the Zodiac signs themselves. We will show that astrologers themselves, based on their own experiences, provide evidence that the psychological types corresponding to Zodiac signs have no source in the position of stars in the sky, but in the genetic heritage and accidental or deliberate birth of a certain psychological and anthropological type under the corresponding Zodiac sign. In our religious analysis we will explain why astrologers still interpret the influence of the astrological factor as they did in ancient times, when they were convinced that planets are divine characters. We will remind ourselves of the fact that we are beings responsible for our own actions and that our freedom is in the hands of our free mind and will. This analysis will convey a strong message of enlightenment to experienced astrologers, with the purpose of clearing their experience of the superstitious trust in stars and determinism, and helping them become capable psychologists and anthropologists instead. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS ZODIAC SIGNS All human beings are characterized by their senses, mind and emotions which make them become aware of life’s needs, as well as basic psychophysical abilities which help them secure their existence and continuation of species. 22 THE FUNCTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS Our senses (what we see, hear, touch, etc.) provide us with information on what happens in the outer world and our system. Based on this sensual information we create mental notions about reality in our minds, and then these mental notions stimulate corresponding emotions (emotional experiences). If our emotions become unpleasant under the influence of external causes (hunger, danger, injustice, etc.) then we should solve external issues (ours and other people’s existential needs, need for safety and social justice). And if our emotions become unpleasant due to the influence of inner causes (inner dissatisfaction, nervousness, tension, guilt), then we should solve our inner problems which are under the domain of our spirituality (the question of meaning of our motives and actions). Emotions exist to direct our attention towards a need for responsible actions of our will, irrespective of whether their source is external or inside of us. Emotions also enable our system for action that is purposeful towards our life needs, by starting an adequate hormonal activity. Regardless of whether our mental notions about reality and our emotions are pleasant or not, they provide us with a cause to respond to our needs in a reasonable and purposeful manner. 23 Awareness of what is beautiful, good, and just, arouses pleasant emotions and incites our will to expressions of gratitude. Awareness of danger and the corresponding emotion of fear force us to eliminate the source of that danger. Awareness of injustice and the feeling of anger make us prevent and eliminate the injustice. Awareness of trouble leads us into taking action which will solve our problems and therefore eliminate the trouble. Therefore, the purpose of our senses, mind and emotions is to make us aware of the needs of life, so that we could answer them by a purposeful action of our own will and therefore secure our own existence. As we are endowed with various psychophysical abilities, we can realize these actions and, in doing so, respond to life’s needs. Different mental notions and emotions increase or reduce levels of various types of hormones which aid activation of the required psychophysical abilities of our system needed for an adequate response to the needs of life. THE FUNCTION OF MOTIVATION Our abilities by far exceed the abilities of all other beings on this planet. Our scientific abilities, discoveries and achievements made our life easier, and our artistic abilities made it more beautiful. Our powers enabled us to go much further than our existential needs, and allowed us to master the world around us to a great extent, fathom the secrets of matter structure and its sources of 24 energy which have been undreamed of until recently, and to start conquering the universe. Since our abilities by far exceed the needs of our existence, it appears to us that happiness and welfare of humanity should not be brought into question. However, human life is so inundated with destruction and calamity that we can only state that we possess high existential abilities and contentedly bring this deliberation to a closure. In order to respond to life’s needs properly, it is not enough to simply understand these needs and to have psychophysical abilities to fulfill them. To respond to them, we need to possess good will, that is, a motive to fulfill these needs. If we did not have driving motives, our abilities would have no function, our existence would be endangered, and the meaning of our life could not be fulfilled. However, even though our abilities by far exceed the sheer requirements of our existence, our nature is characterized by a tendency towards behavioral motives that are not purposeful to our existence. We show a tendency to endanger our existence for our mental (proud), emotional or fleshly pleasures. For example, a vain person will sacrifice their life due to loss of honor, as much as a person of vice will jeopardize their life with their harmful bad habits, immoderation and perversion. Also, we express tendencies towards destructive motives and actions – hatred, violence and aggression, which affect other people, and may lead to our own self-destruction. Our irrational behavior is not caused by life circumstances, but by our own inner discontent, whereas various 25 life circumstances, fortunate or unfortunate events only lead to its manifestation. Inner discontent changes the function of our sensual, mental and emotional experiences, so instead of making us aware of life’s needs, they become the source of elimination of our inner discontent. We attempt to suffocate the awareness of our inner discontent, and this need results in the distortion of the function of our experiences. The same inner discontent which results in seeking satisfaction through selfish behavioral motives (via the pursuit of sensual, mental and emotional pleasures), also results in the need to express it through destruction (antagonism, hatred, aggressiveness, etc.) or perhaps a more subtle form of psychic release (abuse of music, sports, meditation, etc.). Of course, if a person is essentially content, they have neither a need to search for happiness (because they already have it), nor a need to relax psychically, because there is no need for expressing discontent (since it does not exist in their essence). Thus, liberated of various manifestations of their inner discontent, they are free to commit themselves to solving the real (existential and creative) needs of life. 26 Reason, conscience and will protect us from submission to the motives that are the fruit of the inner discontent and, as such, detrimental to our actual existential needs. Our reason analyzes the purpose of our motives and actions, and our conscience asks of us to use our will to fight against the motives and actions that were unmasked as senseless and harmful to our own welfare and the welfare of others. If a person still submits their will to irrational motives, the person’s conscience burdens them with guilt, and adds a moral dimension to the irrational motives, declaring them sinful. Due to their ability to create reasonable insights into the meaning of their acts, and due to their ability to rule over themselves, the adults are considered responsible for their actions. THE FUNCTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS DEPENDENT ON THE NATURE OF MOTIVES THAT MOVE US Regardless of whether our mental notions about reality and our emotions are pleasant or not, they can tempt us to respond to them by an immature reaction of will, if we let our will be defeated by our inner discontent. It is normal to react to pleasant sensual experiences and mental notions about reality with pleasant emotions. However, if we let ourselves be overcome by the discontent of spirit, we will 27 respond to them with selfishness, instead of love and gratitude, which means we will abuse the pleasant experiences by seeking inner satisfaction in them. It is normal to feel fear in danger, but if we are full of inner discontent, we are tempted to react with cowardice instead of bravery. Cowardice will take away our strength to fight the source of danger in a purposeful manner. It is normal for us to feel anger at the sight of an unjust act, but if we are discontent in the essence, we are tempted to respond to the injustice with rage and hatred, instead of keeping the spirit of humility and reason. The immature reaction of hatred to injustice will provoke an unnecessary confrontation where a reasonable dialogue is needed to overcome the conflict. It is normal that loss and distress cause the feelings of sorrow and discomfort in us, but the inner discontent results with the temptation to react to the source of sorrow with depression and worry, instead of tranquility and care. As much as unpleasant sensual experiences, mental notions and adequate unpleasant emotions can be a manifestation of the external reality of the world around us, they can also be a manifestation of the inner reality of our being. Unpleasant emotions turn the attention of our mind and will to our inner spiritual problem, and then we have the possibility to either solve the inner problem or to eliminate the awareness of it by seeking the external sources of satisfaction. 28 To smother the awareness of the inner discontent of our spirit, we show a proneness to misuse our sensual, mental and emotional sensations. And, in order to drown the voice of conscience which is inciting us to regret our abuse of sensual, mental and emotional experiences, we tend to misuse and perverse our own voice of conscience instead. Instead of making these sensual, mental and emotional sensations a cause for expressing the harmony and satisfaction of our spirit, we seek the satisfaction of our spirit in them instead, thus forming irrational behavioral motives. Instead of obeying our voice of conscience and repenting for our bad motives, we tend to resort to defense mechanisms which also lead us into irrational behavioral motives (suppression, hypocrisy and self-righteousness). 29 SENSUALITY - THE WRONG ROLE OF SENSUAL EXPERIENCES The abuse of sensual experiences is manifested through our need for sensual pleasure (pleasant sensations), which makes us sensual, that is, slaves to the senses of taste, hearing, touch and all the other sensual experiences. The most common sources of sensual pleasures are food indulgence, sexuality and tobacco. Sensuality exhausts the power of our will and makes us unrestrained, immoderate, lustful, depraved and dependent on our current sensual experiences. Sensual motives induce us to behave in such a way which endangers our survival. We think it is more important for our food to be tasty than healthy. Voracity and excessive drinking endangers our health and therefore, our existence. For example, a person sick from lung cancer refuses to quit smoking by saying: “My life is in vain if it is deprived of satisfaction!” Immoderation in sexuality potentially endangers our potential offspring and continuation of species, because it makes us unprepared for those life responsibilities needed for starting a family and looking it. Once people are ruined by hedonism, the idea of living for someone else, even if it were their own offspring, becomes too much of a burden. This is the main cause of the “white plague” of modern civilization. 30 VANITY – THE WRONG ROLE OF MENTAL NOTIONS The abuse of mental notions is manifested through our need to create notions about reality in our minds which do not correspond to reality, but to our desire to show ourselves and our values in a distorted light. The need for a great mental notion about our own worth and magnitude makes us proud and vain. Responsible behavior is conditioned by our self-criticism. However, vanity does not allow us to be self-critical, for self-criticism threatens our idea of our own worth and greatness in our mind. Vain persons would hate themselves if they did not have a distorted notion about their own importance. Their mental notions can be very easily threatened, even by a lack of other people’s approval. That is why they are incapable of having an objective notion of reality in their minds, can be swayed by flattering, and are prone to conflicts since they get easily offended. Vanity makes us easily offended and therefore causes endangerment of our actual life needs by forcing us to take rash and silly actions. Once vanity is projected on a larger scale through the form of nationalism, patriotism or any other ideology, it leads an entire nation into temptation of endangering its survival on a global level due to the need to satisfy its proud Ego or due to the need to avoid the humiliation of making a political compromise. 31 SELFISHNESS - THE WRONG ROLE OF EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES The abuse of feelings (emotions) makes us selfish, i.e. slaves to the feelings of being loved, possessions, sense of belonging, and other emotions. Selfishness makes us possessive, stingy, vulnerable, prone to using various opiates (alcohol, narcotics, meditation, etc.) and immature for facing emotions matching the reality. The need for selfish pleasure disregards our life needs in order to satisfy the need for certain feelings. It takes away our courage to fight injustice and makes us incapable of resisting any manipulation through our sentiment. SELF-RIGHTEOUSNESS – THE WRONG ROLE OF THE VOICE OF CONSCIENCE As much as a person, driven by their inner spirit discontent, tends to seek satisfaction in sensual, mental and emotional experiences, his guilty conscience also forces him to seek satisfaction in the feeling of his own moral righteousness. Guilty conscience is a consequence of our refusal to listen to the voice of conscience, which invites us to resist our inner discontent and repent for the abuse of sensual, mental and emotional experiences. 32 Guilty conscience can be manifested in many ways: through our tendency to use euphemisms and the incapability to admit our own sins or mistakes, through various fears and phobias, oversensitivity to criticism, a disposition to suppress our motives and to project them to others, and also through our tendency to cynicism, false morality, pseudoreligiousness, asceticism, false self-criticism, etc. Guilty conscience incites a need to feel morally righteous, and we can trigger it by either instigating a feeling of love (through meditation, pseudo-religious methods, and so forth), or by sticking to the moral principles which have no purpose other than their own end and for whose formal fulfillment we will endanger our own and other people’s existence. For example, some religious people who refuse blood transfusion can jeopardize their own lives as well as someone else’s. By blindly sticking to the rules, the biblical Pharisees put in danger the needs of those for whom the rules were established in the first place. Jesus Christ revealed their fanaticism by referring to the examples in the Old Testament which showed that man was not made for the law, but the law was made for man. Since this kind of “Pharisee” righteousness is not a response to the needs of our sphere of influence, but our personal need for satisfaction, we will refer to it as self-righteousness. 33 HUMAN AS A RESPONSIBLE BEING Our motives define the meaning and purpose of our intelligence as well as all the other physical and mental abilities. Whether our abilities are used to answer the actual needs of our existence or to our and others' damnation depends on the quality of motives that drive us. As human beings we are at liberty to define the meaning of our lives by letting the reason choose the motives which will drive us throughout our lives: motives that are indeed purposeful to our needs of life (unselfish kindness), or the ones which “parasite” off of our sensual, mental and emotional experiences, and are as such recognized as meaningless by our reason and sinful by our conscience. In any case - unless we responsibly resist our sensual, vain and selfish motives, they can lead us into actions which endanger our existence, so their justification cannot suffer the criticism of our common sense. Due to the conflict with reason and conscience, every psychological type of Zodiac signs is characterized by a unique behavioral motive as well as defense mechanisms in the struggle against the voice of reason and conscience that call them to resist their basic behavioral motives. Defense mechanisms are a result of the resistance of man’s Ego to the voice of reason and conscience. Namely, when common sense exposes our behavioral motives as meaningless, our conscience attributes a negative moral value to them: it exposes them as sinful, asking us to resist these motives willingly. In case we do not want to resist the temptation, we are bothered by our voice of reason and conscience, and we fight them with our defense mechanisms. The aforementioned motives and defense mechanisms represent our temptation and the obstacle on our way to take responsibility to govern ourselves and our actions in accordance with the principles of sound mind; these motives inhibit our growth in becoming human, in the most supreme sense of the word. A sensible and responsible person behaves purposefully to the actual needs of life, and not to some principle which is the end in 34 itself. Unlike a grown person who governs themselves and the world around them in harmony with common sense, an immature person's behavior is determined and governed by their destructive motives which, unfortunately, astrologers describe as quite natural and normal. DIVISION OF ZODIAC SIGNS BASED ON THE DIFFERENCE IN BASIC MOTIVES We will herein briefly define the basic types of Zodiac signs based on their driving motives. The abuse of sensual experiences is a trait of the psychological type of Scorpio. The abuse of mental notions is a characteristic of the psychological types of Libra, Sagittarius, Aries and Leo. The abuse of emotions is a trait of Gemini, Virgo, Cancer and Pisces. In other words, Scorpios are sensual. Libra, Sagittarius, Aries and Leo are proud (vain). And Gemini, Virgo, Cancer and Pisces are selfish. Nevertheless, it does not mean they overtly express their essential motives. For instance, Virgos tend to become burdened with guilt, so their selfishness (stinginess) is frequently suffocated and prevented from open expression. 35 Their sensations and emotions are weak, so, instead of enjoying them, they enjoy the image of their own moral righteousness, and for that reason they hypocritically prevent the expression of their weaknesses. Aries is too proud to satisfy their vanity by publicly expressing it in a parading manner as the psychological type of Libra does. In the same fashion, the Libra type, which naturally is not a slave to their feelings, uses feelings to a great extent, but within their mechanism of manipulation over other people with the purpose to achieve the ultimate effect, the effect not being their own pleasant feelings, but the made-up notion about their own worth and magnitude in their minds. In this brief analysis we left out the Zodiac signs of Aquarius, Taurus and Capricorn, because they do not exist as basic psychological and anthropological types, but are results of different combinations of the basic signs; Aquarius is a combination of Sagittarius and Gemini, Taurus is a combination of Virgo and Leo, and Capricorn - a combination of Cancer and Aries. BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES OF ZODIAC SIGNS SCORPIO – THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF SENSUALITY Unlike the psychological types who are prone to abusing their own emotional experiences (therefore being selfish) or their own mental notions (and therefore vain), the Scorpio type is focused on the abuse of sensual experiences, which makes them sensual. Sensual abuse (indulgence in food, sexuality, tobacco, etc) represents a meaning of life to the psychological type of Scorpio. The healthy function of pleasant sensual experiences should be solely informative, inducing a person to express satisfaction and gratitude towards their sources. However, by attempting to satisfy oneself through sensual pleasures, one attempts the impossible. 36 Pleasant sensual experiences, as well as emotional, cannot resolve the inner problem; they can only suffocate the awareness of it. Only temporarily. The nature of our senses is such that their experiences quickly disappear after they have fulfilled their healthy function and brought our attention to the reality of life. Soon after a volunteer poured cologne into his nose, he could not smell anything. Therefore, individuals’ attempt to satisfy themselves with sensual experiences naturally leads them to excessiveness, and then depravity (perversion, etc.). When the senses go numb and the feeling of satisfaction grows silent due to constant abuse, the sense of guilt, by then suffocated with sensual pleasure, becomes dominant. Scorpio then faces the temptation also typical of the psychological type of Virgo, which is burdening with guilt that eventually leads to hypocrisy and formalism. Influenced by the sense of guilt, Scorpio is tempted not to regret the bodily desire itself, but merely its manifestation. If the desire essentially remains, the inner discontent remains also, alongside the unclear conscience. Prior to that moment Scorpio would suppress the unclear conscience with excessive sensual pleasures, whereas now they do it by suppressing bodily desires under the influence of guilt. Unlike the introverted psychological type of Virgo, who can easily control themselves, the Scorpio type is extroverted and finds it very difficult to conceal its inner urges for a long time. Hence, Scorpio’s hypocrisy differs from Virgo’s. While Virgos calm their conscience with an external moral immaculacy, the Scorpios tend to pervert moral values by sidetracking them when not capable of curbing its sensual urges, so expressing gluttony, for instance, is not regarded as sin by them, whereas breaking a rule, tradition or a code of conduct not related to the quality of driving motives in their lives actually is. For instance, they would feel guilty if they worked on a religious holiday, but not so if they tricked a customer in a business transaction. Therefore, there is a transfer of guilt towards the demands whose fulfillment does not require inner reform of motives and character. When Jesus Christ criticized the Pharisees, he criticized the temptation typical of the psychological type of 37 Scorpio: "Now you, Pharisees, make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter: but your inside is full of rapine and iniquity. Ye fools, did not he that made that which is without make also that which is within? But yet that which remaineth, give alms: and behold, all things are clean unto you. But woe to you, Pharisees, because you tithe mint and rue and every herb and pass over judgment and the charity of God." “This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. And in vain do they worship me, teaching doctrines and precepts of men. For leaving the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men.” “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites; because you tithe mint and anise and cummin and have left the weightier things of the law: judgment and mercy and faith.” (Luke 11:39-42; Mark 7:68; Matthew 23:23) In order to succeed in restraining their extroverted nature from expressing their own motives, the psychological type of Scorpio more often then the other types sets out to walk the path of ascetic fanaticism, which implies that they will eliminate all those temptations which give the suppressed motives an opportunity to come out, by strict forbiddances and avoidance of everyday life temptations. Such a mechanism was also described in the Holy Testament referring to people as "Speaking lies in hypocrisy and having their conscience seared, Forbidding to marry, to abstain from meats, which God hath created to be received with thanksgiving by the faithful and by them that have known the truth." (1 Timothy 4:23) Of course, by such abstinence one proves that the true victory over their temptations has not really come. Influenced by their unclear conscience, they abstain from tasteful food, for consuming it would reveal that deep inside they are still gluttonous, not grateful. They abstain from sexuality because they have not defeated its abuse, so they cannot comprehend its function in expressing true love, etc. Their own unclear conscience makes the psychological type of Scorpio incapable of easily forgiving others and prone to arousing conflicts and aggressive actions in case of distinct hypocrisy. The same violence that they are prone to apply to themselves (due to the influence of guilt) when they curb the 38 expression of their own essential motives, they are prone to apply to others. “There is none worse than he that envieth himself, and this is the reward of his wickedness.” (Sirach 14:6) The psychological type of Scorpio therefore has two mutually opposed tendencies (which result from their inadequate reaction to severe sensuality and sensitive conscience) and perhaps for this reason they even have two life phases: the first, sensual phase, being activated due to undefeated temptation of puberty, whereas the second one, ascetic phase, activates mostly at a later age, when the unclean conscience naturally overpowers the experience of sensual pleasure. These two phases can appear more often with less intensity. After every satiation, the sense of guilt may prevail, but after the sense of guilt is gone, the undefeated sensual nature may manifest itself again. A truly responsible and mature person will not let themselves be ruled by either bodily desires or the sense of guilt. If they truly repent for their weaknesses in their heart, the enslaving desire will disappear, and so will its symptom- the sense of guilt. LIBRA – THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF VANITY Astrologers claim that the greatest virtues of those born under the sign of Libra are: avoidance of conflict, charm, decency and sociability. We would gladly praise these virtues of Libra if we could be sure of the quality of the motives behind them. But if we take into consideration those weaknesses astrologers attribute to them, which include the ability to get easily offended and hypocrisy, it becomes clear that both good and bad characteristics of Libra are only different faces of one and the same nature. The fact that "Libra is easily ruffled" (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 125) reveals that behind the charm, decency and sociability lies vanity. If we feed “the virtues” of such a psychological type, we feed their vanity, which will show its other (true) face when the time of difficult life temptations comes. Due to their developed vanity, such a person will become a helpless victim of external influences, causing them counteract their conscience. In 39 order to avoid humiliation in the eyes of society, they will show an inclination to deny truth, sacrifice their integrity and betray their friendship. Along with Sagittarius, Aries and Leo, the psychological type of Libra is moved by the need to satisfy personal vanity, which means that they have the need to imitate imaginary mental notions about their own worth and magnitude. But unlike Aries, Leo and Sagittarius, the Libra type is characterized by cowardice, manifested through the vain fear of losing the approval of society. Due to their vanity, the psychological type of Libra has no personal attitude, but the one that will win them the approval of the majority. Their vanity makes them slaves to current public opinion. No one flatters their friends more nor gives up friendship that easily under the burden of fear and wounded vanity as they do. Quite often, they study courses at universities that they are not interested in, or perform jobs they do not like, because their choice of university courses and jobs is governed by the need to leave the impression of special worth and significance on their environment. Their vanity incites them to act and pose before other people, especially in public, where they make unnatural facial expressions and gestures, which would charm others and make them like them. Inability to be honest with another person inundates every form of mutual association, from plain friendships, to marital or business liasions and political parties. Flattery is regarded as a token of loyalty, benevolent criticism as a token of hostility. The fear of losing the approval of another person or community attributed to this psychological type is so strong that it naturally results in their tribal way of thinking, the right question being not what kind of person someone is, but whom they support. A crime is not a crime if it was done in the best interest of a community, whereas truth, justice and integrity, if harmful to the community, represent an act of betrayal. The voice of clear conscience is suffocated and overcome by the voice of vain slavish compliance to the opinion of the society, and is subject to its direct judgment. "They are ready for any sacrifice to give comforts to those in their own to give comforts to those in their own immediate home circle, but they are also prepared to sacrifice anyone else's 40 family for their own, if necessary." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 102) SAGITTARIUS - THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF ARROGANCE As per astrological books, perhaps the greatest virtue of Sagittarius in relation to other Zodiac signs is their free spirit. However, their cry for destroying the external boundaries of freedom is a manifestation of the slavery of their inner spirit. The psychological type of Sagittarius is a slave to his or her own huge and arrogant Ego. Arrogance in its essence is an irrational independence that is the end in itself. Why do I have to go to work every day? Why do I have to go to bed every night? Why do I have to inhale air? Why was I ‘made a slave’? These are the questions probably known to the psychological type of Sagittarius. Sagittarius views any testimony of reason towards life’s responsibilities, and any voice of conscience calling them to take on responsibility, as an attack on their huge Ego, suffocation of their personality and denial of their freedom. What is the relationship between Sagittarius and other people like? How is their subjective Ego related towards the objective needs of reality? Unlike the Libra type, not only is Sagittarius not a slave to the public opinion, but they are almost completely disinterested in it. In Encyclopedia of psychological astrology by Charles Carter, we read that the term of inconsideration, beside Aries, also belongs to the sign of Sagittarius: "Inconsiderateness, as apart from selfish indifference, which is found in primitive specimens of all the signs, is commonest in Aries and Sagittarius, because their robust animal spirits make it hard for them to appreciate or notice the feelings of less vitalized signs." (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 103) A huge arrogant Ego makes Sagittarius live life unaware of other people’s needs, and live inconsiderately as if they were the only ones on the planet. Their reason is not focused on recognizing the needs of other people's lives, but responds to current quirks of 41 their own Self. An immediate and close contact with other people is the only thing that causes sympathy and altruism in them. And even then, when they decide to respond to the needs of life they are assured of, Sagittarius will not be pleased with a simple reasonable action; they will attempt to 'enhance' it by bringing their huge Ego in, yielding to their own current cravings, which will result in certain deviation from the plan instructed by their common sense. Due to the nature of their huge Self, the psychological type of Sagittarius experiences the most intense stress when they are to yield to discipline of any kind, regardless of its reasonable justification (getting up every morning at the same time, for instance, or going to bed at the same time every night in order to get up rested). They naturally want to break the rules or discipline and therewith show the ‘free' spirit of their huge arrogant Ego. Astrologer Maja Lončarić wrote about Sagittarius that they are “disharmonic” (Astrology – Stars Talk, pg 17). ARIES - THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF PRIDE As with the rest of Zodiac signs, astrology represents Aries’ flaws as virtues. Being justice-loving is a virtue, but Arieses hate injustice more than they love justice. Being courageous is a virtue, but Arieses are more reckless than they are courageous. Being honest and open is a virtue, but Arieses are more uncontrollable and rough than they are ready to honestly help another with their open criticism. Having strong will is a virtue, but Arieses possess no strong will, they possess strong impulses instead that govern their will. All the virtues astrology attributes to Aries are devaluated by the actual motives behind them. In times of stress, Aries’ values are essentially revealed as great flaws. Astrologers claim the persons born under the sign of Aries to be: "Aries is ... the extreme of selfassertion, vigorous, bold, and regardless of consequences. Aries and Sagittarius are the most excitable signs... Aries - Easily angered and then often go to great lengths." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 17, 78, 176) A truly dignified person 42 maintains their dignity in the moments of humiliation by an unjust authority. They respond to injustice with humility and meekness, thus their dignity comes out to the full extent. Although they are humble, their spirit is not humiliated. However, Aries represents the type of people who are not capable of putting up with injustice. In their humiliation they do not seem dignified, but humiliated and offended. Behind their dignity there lies a huge proud Ego. The whole psychological type of Aries and their defense mechanisms result from their distinct pride. Pride makes a person self-sufficient, so they regard any form of receiving or expressing true love as their own humiliation. Hence the psychological type of Aries shows extreme gratitude if we give them money they are going to spend on fun and pleasure. But if we present them with a gift of the same value which responds to their actual life needs (the need to eat, for example), they will take it with a considerable amount of stress, attempting to depreciate it at all costs (whether by promising a counter-gift, saying we are obliged to help them or by subsequent devaluation of the nobility of our motives to help them). Not only the acceptance of love, but also its expression causes stress of humiliation of their huge self-sufficient Ego. Of course, I am also talking about true kindness here, not manipulating other people’s weaknesses. Their kindness, since it’s desecrated by pride, is engrained with defense mechanisms against their own humiliation. Therefore, even their good and kind deeds are infested with roughness: they have a need to pat a friend on a shoulder when they have just expressed their care and affection towards them, or communicate words to their spouse which diminish the spouse’s love for them, or even use derogative terms of endearment instead of diminutives towards children (brat, punk, horse, ass). For the same reason, useful work is a humiliation to the psychological type of Aries. Any activity which makes them serve or makes them useful to others is a humiliation to them. Due to their pride, they do not praise others because it makes them appear worthless. Any injustice they are aware of, even if it was done to another person, they take personally, and their wounded proud Ego urges them to make self- 43 sacrificial heroic deeds. It is easier for them to lose their lives than suffer humiliation under authority. They naturally fight not only against negative authorities in society, but positive ones as well. The very pride does not allow them to be liars, hypocrits, actors, ‘successful’ merchants or ‘good' politicians when it comes to relations with another people. But the same pride makes them vulnerable and therefore generators of discord and conflict with other people. LEO – THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF THE DESIRE FOR POWER The psychological traits of Leo were caused by their desire for power. Even their most harmless actions are a manifestation of conscious or totally subconscious will to exert influence which is the end in itself. Astrologers say that they are characterized by: "Desire to rule and organize administration of people and areas, selfrestraint, strong influence upon people, height, posture, and good leadership fits them... A man of will and order, superior. They are not getting on when subservient. In situations like this their abilities seem to be blocked. Faults: Self-overrating." (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, check it, pg 74) "They are natural-born leaders and feel that their position in life is related to authority and organization. ... Leo’s largest faults are intolerance, conceit, grandiosity and extremely rigid way of thinking." (Nikola Ogrizović, Astrology, pg 17, 7) “They live beyond their boundaries, they tend to command and are kind to their family only if they agree to listen to them.” (Maja Lončarić, Astrology – Stars Talk, pg 55) If given a chance to express themselves without restrictions (in conflicts, fights and war), their desire for power will reveal a destructive, violent and ruinous character, although they will show an affectionate spirit in everyday life, which is nothing but the other face of the same desire to influence other people. "Never overly sensitive to the feelings of others, in spite of their basic kindness, most Leo men are so wrapped up in themselves that they can be brutally frank and 44 untactful." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 192) Their desire for power is manifested through the role of leaders and interest in magic, which also has its religious form in the so-called charismatic (spiritual) movements, then through political careerism, etc. Moreover, the desire for power is their primaryy driving force which is deeply plotted into all their activities and relationships with other people. “"He (Leo) likes to protect and he is convinced that it is the way to express his chivalry. However, the truth is a bit different. He protects because he likes to control." (Hana Hart, A man in the palm, pg 61) "The lion sometimes tends to marry beneath him. ... He just can't resist acquiring a "subject" to whom he's superior." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 193) "The lower type brags about how many connections they have in high society, about everyone working according to their concepts, about their contacts with politicians, ..." (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, check it, pg 75) Unlike Aries and Pisces, whose discontent is a temptation for either hating others or whining over their destinies, the psychological type of Leo is characterized by the lack of tendency to nourish negative feelings, because they would desecrate the spirit of triumph and victory. A potential failure is only a new challenge to start the struggle once again with more fortitude and decisiveness than before. The desire for power results in an unquenchable optimism and positive feelings which characterize them even at the moments of their most bizarre violent acts over their victims. If they nourish hatred, they generally do it just to excuse their need for expressing violence. Their greatest temptation lies in a fact that in most cases they are not aware of the real nature of their primary driving force, so they announce it a virtue. The uncontrollable desire for to power turns the psychological type of Leo into a megalomaniac, which is a psychopathological condition of a person characterized by mania of grandeur, wealth, geniality and omnipotence. Secretly or to some extent openly, megalomaniacs long to see or show themselves as “masters of the world” who are superior to everyone else in regard to certain dimensions or any regard whatsoever. 45 GEMINI – THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF EXPLOITATION As opposed to Libra, Sagittarius, Aries and Leo, the psychological types of Gemini, Virgo and Cancer are not slaves to mental notions about their magnitude (they are not proud), but their feelings (they are selfish). Instead of pride, there is slavery to emotional experience: a need to be loved, to possess, to belong, even a need for intoxicating emotions that are accomplished by the use of alcohol, through meditation or abuse of music and the like. But unlike Virgo and Cancer, the Gemini type managed a great deal to keep their judgment and consequently retain the ability of their will to act in accordance with the actual life needs. Their selfishness is nothing but egocentric rational exploitation. "Gemini is egoistic, but also often selfish, frequently in a rather childish way." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 75) The hunting skill of catching apes is probably known to us all. A fruit is put into a huge jar with a narrow bottleneck and the hunter waits for a monkey to put its arm inside and clench the gain. When the hunter comes close to it, the monkey naturally wants to run away but it does not want to give up the fruit. It could keep its freedom if it let go of the fruit and took out its hand, but the strong desire clouds its mind. With the squeezed fruit in its hand, it becomes an easy prey for the hunter. The cause of its tragedy lies in its irrationality. There is a similarity between this and actions of most of the psychological types we are talking about. Due to their offended vanity or their selfish enjoyment, most people will show a foolish willingness to endanger their existence, even their very lives. Most of them abandon common sense because they cannot bear the disclosure of their motives as meaningless. The psychological type of Gemini is undoubtedly different. They will let go of the fruit on time and take their hand out of the jar. After that they might consciously agree to stay in the hunter’s hands, if he promises to give them the fruit. Even if they rush into the selfish enjoyment they will do it with full awareness. Under pressure of conscience they will not deceive 46 themselves about being on the right track if they are not. Maybe the conscience will be troubling them for some time. In that case, they will consciously take alcohol and drink it as long as it takes to silence the voice of conscience. The lack of emotional fervor by which they usually calm their conscience makes them nervous and creates a need to gossip because they feel more exalted and righteous in the dark of the others’ weaknesses and stupidity – which they easily recognize by their common sense, than in the light of their own conscience. The astrologer Liz Greene gives an advice as to how to win Gemini’s affection: "Gemini is also a bit of a gossip - yes, the trait appears in the Gemini man as well as in the Gemini woman - and a less pleasant adjective would be 'nosy' to describe the intense curiosity with which Gemini approaches other people." (Liz Greene, Astrology for Lovers, pg 245) But the need to gossip is also characteristic of all the other types who are expressively conscientious (of course, only when they in conflict with their conscience), especially of the psychological type of Virgo as well as Cancers and Scorpios. Geminies themselves have defense mechanisms, if those reactions may be called so, which are utterly sincere and pragmatic. They will not buy flattery or burden of guilt. One cannot manipulate them by means of some ideology or religion. They can be controlled only through their selfish interests or through their selfish cowardice, because they are certainly not the people who would sacrifice their lives for the sake of ideals. How to help such a psychological type overcome themselves and become humans? What is to be said to a person like that that they are not already aware of on the basis of their common sense? There is one essential question which is a taboo only for Gemini, and that is the question of the fundamental meaning of being. As a meaning of life, selfishness can never fulfill what it promises. No matter how strong, lasting or sublime are the emotions the selfish heart is longing for, they can never satisfy the soul. However, emotions are just emotions, not the essence. They can only suffocate the awareness of inner discontent, they cannot eliminate it. A person who has taken a painkiller really does not feel any pain. But neither sensations nor 47 feelings are relevant indicators of our real mental condition, no matter how true they are. Just like a painkiller treats an uneasy symptom and does not cure the cause itself – an illness, the emotional pleasures also do not take away the mental problem. Deep in the soul the discontent still remains. To change one’s feelings is not the same as to change oneself. To become truly happy and not only to feel happiness, they need to change their essence, not their feelings. To feel happiness and to be happy is not the same thing. VIRGO - THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF SELFRIGHTEOUSNESS Virgo is characterized by an set of virtues: neatness, tidiness, diligence, etc., which is by any astrologer regarded as a sign of their developed responsibility towards life. However, when we analyze the other attributes of Virgo, we may wonder whether their responsibility is real responsibility or perhaps just a burden of guilt. The astrologer Linda Goodman wrote that Virgos have "deeply rooted possessiveness" (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 232), which means that Virgos do not really treat themselves responsibly because they do not vanquish their inner weaknesses. Also, Linda Goodman says that Virgos "put up with rules of discipline they don't understand, because obedience to fate without struggling comes naturally to them." (Ibid, pg. 229) If Virgos really were responsible, they would take the responsibility to question the significance of their motives and actions, not letting their actions be driven by the principles whose righteousness they are not sure about. Virgos are characterized by the irresponsibility of mind, and they only seem responsible on the outside, because they are burdened with guilt. They seek satisfaction of their guilty conscience in the rules which they blindly and formally obey. Under the influence of guilt, Virgo tends to merely prevent the expression of character weaknesses, instead of resisting them, which makes Virgo a smooth hypocrite. They will repent for something bad they have said or done, but not because they are bad deep inside, for they are not aware that behind 48 their bad actions (which they very rarely demonstrate indeed) there are bad motives they need to repent for. If the weaknesses are only suppressed, they are not replaced by virtues, which makes Virgos cold and without creativity. Since deep inside they remain the same, the guilty conscience remains too, and they will express it in relation to other people through false moralizing. “Virgos are rather complicated and contradictory because they constantly bear the traces of fearfulness and a lack of self-confidence, which makes them quite self-critical and hard on themselves. They are worried about things for which they do not have a real reason for worry. They have high personal standards and great expectations of their own selves, and sometimes others. Their flaws are not huge, but annoy those who live with them because they burden them with unnecessary concern and demands.” (Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourself, pg 79) “Excessive criticism, pedantry, petulance, over-humbleness, suppressing of emotions, concern and meddling in others’ lives.” (Nikola Ogrizović, Astrology, pg 8) The people belonging to the psychological type of Virgo diligently take care of themselves, their food and health, not because they love being healthy, but because they are afraid of being ill: “They are fastidious and exacting in grooming, eating, working and romance. He takes more baths and showers than any four people you know put together. ... Sometimes a Virgo will even tote his own water with him on trips. Don't laugh do you know what can happen to a person's stomach when certain foreign bodies in strange drinking water enter the digestive system?” (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 220-221) "They do not talk much, but mainly observe. They are dressed unobtrusively.” (Dr Milijana Pušara, Love Horoscope, 114) "Virgo is generally neat and particular about dress, but seldom overdresses." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 11) The psychological type of Virgo is characterized by extreme selfishness (stinginess and possessiveness). When they meet a person whose extroverted behavior they recognize as their own in form of suppressed and unacknowledged motives, they tend to express 49 contempt towards the person, and if a person is weaker than they are, they even express violence, which would force the person into the same hypocritical behavior they are forced into by their own feeling of guilt. Their hypocrisy activates Pharisee-like intolerance, contempt and repugnance towards the filthy, beggars, cripples and overtly immoral persons. In Sun Signs we read that: "Though he has absolutely no sympathy for beggars or idle wastrels, he is unfailingly generous when a friend is in trouble. The Virgo who is almost miserly where his personal needs are involved will make charming gestures of financial aid to those who really deserve it, or to people he really likes or loves. But you'll never find him throwing money away carelessly, because waste is one of his pet peeves. Virgos labor hard for what they have, and extravagance never fails to shock them. They usually have a few sharp things to say about spendthrifts and people who are too lazy to work. ... He won't take to lateness any more kindly than he does to wastefulness. ... They hate gushy sentiment, dirt, vulgarity, slop-piness and idleness. ... Virgos hate ignorance, stupidity and sloppy thinking almost as much as they hate dirt and vulgarity, and that's a lot. ... Selfdiscipline is part of his very nature." (pg 225-226, 232) Virgos give up the responsibility to reasonably question the righteousness of their own motives and actions, for it would convince them of their own emptiness, so they transfer the responsibility to the code of conduct they blindly stick to and authorities they blindly obey. Such a mechanism turns Virgo into an authoritarian (“Gestapo-like”) personality with a need for authorities that think and decide instead of themselves, as well as the scapegoats which are to blame instead of themselves. In 1950s a group of sociologists and psychologists (Adorno, T.W. Frenkel-Brunswik, Else; Levinson. Daniel J. & Sanford, R. Nevitt, The Authoritarian Personality, 1950) defined the fascist type of authoritarian personality (F scale) by means of attributes which correspond to the psychological type of Virgo: 50 1) Conventionalism Rigid adherence to conventional, middle-class values 2) Authoritarian submission Submissive, uncritical attitude toward idealized moral authorities of the in-group 3) Authoritarian aggression Tendency to be on the lookout for, and to condemn, reject, and punish people who violate conventional values 4) Antiintraception Opposition to the subjective, the imaginative, the tender-minded 5) Superstition and stereotypy the belief in mystical determinants of the individual's fate; the disposition to think in rigid categories 6) Power and 'toughness' Preoccupation with the dominancesubmission, strong-weak, leader-follower dimension; identification with power figures; overemphasis upon the conventionalized attributes of the ego; exaggerated assertion of strength and toughness 7) Destructiveness and cynicism Generalized hostility, vilification of the human 8) Projectivity The disposition to believe that wild and dangerous things go on in the world; the projection of unconscious emotional impulses 9) Sex Exaggerated concern with sexual 'goings-on' The other psychological types can also be authoritarian, especially in stressful circumstances, but their authoritarianism is different from Virgo’s. The authoritarianism of Aries and Sagittarius excludes items 2, 4 and 5 from the above quoted F scale, whereas Cancer’s authoritarianism lacks items 3, 4, 6 and 9. Item 4 is characteristic of Virgo’s authoritarianism only. CANCER- THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF SELFISH SENTIMENTALITY 51 If the psychological type of Gemini burdened themselves with guilt for their exploitations, they would assume the traits of Virgo. But if Virgos confronted their own coldness and emptiness, which are a result of their burden with guilt, and if they decided to fill the emptiness of their souls not with the actual repentance for the suppressed motives of behavior, but aroused sentimental emotions (for instance, by drinking an alcoholic drink or meditating), they would assume the attributes typical of the psychological type of Cancer. So, unlike Virgos, who delude themselves and their need to reform their character by changing their outer behavior, Cancers delude themselves by changing their emotions. Cancer’s emotions perform multiple wrong functions: they are aroused to appease selfishness (an object of pleasure), to sooth guilty conscience (as a ‘proof’ of love), then as a driving force (fanaticism), and they rely on them thus sacrificing their common sense when it comes to judging whether something is right or wrong. By creating in themselves emotions which are not adequate to reality, the Cancer type loses contact with reality and forms mental notions about the events in the outer world in accordance with their false optimism. Such life philosophy degrades them to the level of an infant whose imagination fuses with reality thus living in their own imaginary world. Out of fear not to threaten their pleasant emotions which they find intrinsically important (for they are the object of their selfish pleasure), they show reluctance to face their own life responsibility. Perhaps the best way to explain the functioning of Cancer’s defense mechanisms is by illustrating the example of a mother who is negligent to the actual needs of her child and is therefore tormented by guilty conscience. In order to calm her conscience, instead of repentance of her negligence and reform of her inner motives, she begins to arouse sentimental feelings for her child to the extremes, therewith deluding her conscience. As the aroused feelings of love towards her child become the object of her unvanquished characteristic selfishness, she becomes extremely selfish and possessive in relation to her child (and therefore quite vulnerable and often concerned). When she seeks help from a psychologist as a 52 result, saying: "I love my child too much!” the psychologist easily suspects the mechanism of reverse behavior. Of course it is not possible to love someone too much. The term “too much” is a result of her defense against the voice of guilty conscience warning her that there is still no true love in her heart. If there were true love, she would not "buy" and "bribe" her child by succumbing to its selfish urges, but reasonably look for whatever is truly good and healthy for it. While the mother refers to the emotion of love as a proof that she truly loves her child, the psychologist can succeed in explaining the mother her real condition and the need for inner reform - reform of motives, not emotions, by means of a rational analysis of the meaning of her actions towards her child. Analyzing the meaning of a particular behavior can lead a drug addict to the conclusion that his strong feeling of love towards his girlfriend is not a criterion of his actual love towards her when he offers her narcotics in an outburst of emotions. The psychological type of Cancer faces the same kind of temptation when they are realize that their emotions most often represent the defense against their conscience due to lack of love rather than being a sign of love. Instead of relying on their emotions, Cancers should awake the underdeveloped forces of their common sense to realize that positive emotions are not a criterion of what is right and good. They should understand that, by avoiding negative thoughts and emotions and arousing emotions of love in themselves, they will not succeed in uprooting evil from their hearts and reaching true love in doing so. By avoiding thoughts and emotions adequate to reality they merely eliminate the cause of manifestation of the actual substance of their being. Emotions should be adequate to reality, but if we escape reality to make our own feelings comfortable, we become immature for any kind of stress that will force us, one way or another, into confrontation with the actual substance of our soul and lead us into heavy depression. Selfishness naturally leads to disappointment in life, for life is not here to satisfy and fulfill us, we are here to fulfill it and make it meaningful. By liberating themselves from unreasonable optimism and de-tabooing the concept of self-examination the persons who belong to this 53 psychological type can find themselves on the road to liberation from themselves. If not, they will find themselves on the road to mental illness (manic-depressive psychosis). Astrologers specify Cancer’s traits which are representatives of their temptation: “They fall under the influence, yielding to the weakening point, change mood according to the weather and Moon, their character is nothing but a sum of experiences.” (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, check it, pg 70) PISCES - THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPE OF DEPRESSION It is easier to follow the path of least resistance through life and give up the responsibility of being a adult than solve life temptations in a mature and responsible manner. Astromedicine by Mile Dupor offers us an insight into the psychological characteristics of Pisces: “They are victims of circumstance. Looks for punishment. Victim; goes with the flow, cannot untangle from the net that has been placed. They long to be manipulated. They are timid, quiet, shy, wait for their beloved one to meet by chance: a wave needs a current. Kind to the weakening point. They go through life suffering for the sake of ideals and children. Poor is the their mother as they get used by others. They long and perish for intangible ideals. Longing, roads, and sweet sufferings. Tears are a powerful weapon." (Astromedicine, pg 104, 123, 131, 133, 139, 142) In Sun Signs we read as follows: "The more creative and artistic, the more leisurely and esoteric the surroundings, the more fish you'll find. ... There's little worldly ambition in Neptune people. ... There's a lack of intensity, almost a carelessness about tomorrow. ... It's never easy for either real or human fish to struggle and fight their way upstream. It's more common, and it takes less effort, to go with the current wherever it takes them. But to swim upstream is the challenge of Pisces-and the only way he ever finds true peace and happiness. Taking the easy way is a trap for those born under this Sun sign, a glittering bait that entices them, while it hides the dangerous hook -a wasted life. ... You'll be impressed with the 54 Piscean charm of manner and lazy good nature. Tell a Piscean that society is decadent, the government is cracking, air pollution will put us all in our graves and the world is coming to a dead stop, and he'll yawn, or smile enchantingly, or look vaguely sympathetic. ... Typical Pisces will normally take the path of least resistance... If reality becomes too terrible to face, he often escapes into rosy daydreams with powder puff foundations and not a prayer of coming true. When life dumps him with a splash-a real belly-smacker-into a stagnant river of dismal failure and hopeless conditions, instead of leaping out of the murky danger, he's more inclined to hide behind his pale green illusions which keep him from making practical decisions." (Sun Signs, pg 501) Astrologer Maja Lončarić wrote about male Pisces: “A man is looking for a woman who is always there to comfort him when he is facing hard times.” (Astrology – Stars Talk, pg 17) People who belong to the psychological type of Pisces are characterized by a tendency to present themselves as miserable and incapable of bearing the burden of life responsibility on their backs, so by whining over themselves and their supposed misfortune they try to assure their conscience that they are not to blame for the consequences of irresponsibility in their lives, but that they are victims of various life opportunities and predicaments. Such an attitude mentally topples them down into two kinds of evil: ungratefulness and immature response to stress. If they cherished the feelings of gratitude, they would have no excuse for whining. If their response to stressful situations was mature, they would have no excuse for their grumbling as well, for all of their problems would be solved. In order to have excuses, they must whine constantly, and all their quests for solutions are merely games they play with a subconscious desire to turn their quests and endeavors into failures, the failures which will give them a reason to self-pity and whine over themselves again. For instance, if you tap a Pisces on the shoulder in the moment of crisis, they will become even more sad to the point of beyond consolation, not less, which should serve as a warning to those who console them that they are about to be involved in a "game" with a predetermined outcome, because Pisces 55 subconsciously wants to stay Pisces. Pisces are comfortable with depression, although they are not comfortable with its symptoms negative emotions themselves and unsettling relationships with other people. The psychological type of Pisces always tries to eliminate their depressive feelings by means of various techniques (most often with cheerful music), but does not want to give up the roots of their depression because they are afraid to encounter life responsibilities and maturity it requires. Instead of themselves, Pisces blame other people for their condition, or even blame destiny which they see as a damnation of sorts, so they think that their way out of the depression is not in responsible willful action, longing and struggle to make their lives better and more beautiful, but in chance and fortune which may finally smile upon them. Hence their inclination to superstition, mysticism and magic. At the same time they are very afraid of the fact that destiny may smile upon them, because in such a case they will no longer have an excuse for their inner discontent and irresponsibility. The psychological type of Pisces often leads themselves into a state of depression. For example, they give in to nostalgic feelings, brooding over good old times to present themselves as losers, and in this way generate a feeling of self-pity which will make them miserable and therefore irresponsible again. With their mechanisms they look like an injured cat licking and nibbling her wounded leg, until the leg eventually falls off. The only way for a person to beat Pisces’ psychological mechanisms in themselves is to look for the strength and motivation needed to overcome their condition outside the mechanisms of Pisces in themselves, which implies confronting their own defense mechanisms, resisting their influence and yielding to the spirit of unselfish gratitude and creative responsibility. What Pisces expect of other people and life most often is the very thing they fail to offer to other people and life. They should not give in to despair for their “ill fate”, but take it into their own hands and make it the way it should be. However, confronting their own selves is very difficult for Pisces, as it is to Cancer, because they regard such penetration into the personality as breaking a taboo which is not to be interfered 56 with. Clothed in their ideology or religion, they do not allow their fundamental principles of being to come into question. Although their depression is a certain admission that they have a problem, they do not allow the problem to be interfered with. It implies that their basic life principles are right, but that there is someone else to blame for their problems. SECONDARY PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES OF ZODIAC SIGNS (TAURUS, AQUARIUS, CAPRICORN) The secondary psychological types are compounds of various combinations of the basic psychological types. As a matter of fact, the three male fiery signs of Leo, Sagittarius and Aries, when merged and softened with the psychological influence of Virgo, Cancer and Gemini, result in the forming of Taurus, Aquarius and Capricorn. In practice, these compounds are more common than the types of basic signs. Since the secondary signs are compounds of the basic signs, we will refrain from further repetition of explanations referring to the basic signs they are made of, since they have already been explained, but we will only show that the basic signs appear in the secondary ones. TAURUS – THE PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPOUND OF LEO AND VIRGO The psychological type of Taurus is a compound and interaction of Leo and Virgo. An amalgam of Leo’s desire for power and Virgo’s possessiveness, we can clearly see it in the description of Taurus by the astrologer Mile Dupor: “The will is melancholic, latent and more directed towards the power over things. The temperament: reserved, conservative, but also generous and tolerant." (Mile Dupor, Don't believe it, check it, pg 61) 57 AQUARIUS – THE PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPOUND OF GEMINI AND VIRGO The psychological type of Aquarius represents a combination and interaction of Gemini and Virgo, wherein the Gemini type is dominant. "Generally kindly and tranquil by nature, Aquarians nevertheless enjoy defying public opinion." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 444) CAPRICORN – THE PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPOUND OF ARIES AND CANCER The psychological type of Capricorn is a combination and interaction of Aries and Cancer. Unlike Aries, who cannot put up with injustice, Cancer easily puts up with it. Unlike Aries, who is proud but unselfish, Cancer is meek but selfish. Unlike Aries, who is rebellious and open, Cancer is fearful and timid. Unlike Aries, who is unconscientious and lazy, Cancer is conscientious and diligent. Unlike Aries, who is too proud to deal with their own emotions, Cancer abuses them in any way. We recognize their interaction in the astrological attributes of Capricorn: "He has a self-made brick wall around him. He's shy, but he's strong and tough. He's pleasant, but he's fiercely ambitious... In his private dreams, the goat is an incurable romantic, but Saturn chains his nature. The stern planet of discipline demands of him calm behavior, practical actions and serious intent. This is his cross, and it's often a heavy one to bear. Sometimes he'll cover his frustration with a brusque manner... Capricorns pretend they can live without compliments, and the way they behave when they get one is pretty convincing proof. Actually, he desperately needs to be told he is good, clever, handsome, desirable and interesting, but since he'll seldom make his need visible, he gets few orchids. (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 412) The dual nature of Capricorn was described by astrologer Ljiljana Milajić: “It should be noted that there are two different types of 58 Capricorns – one is unusually stingy, the other extremely generous. These are capable and decisive people, usually successful in most of the activities they perform, because they approach everything they do with great sense of duty and discipline. They generally like money - not for the sake of money, but for the power it brings. Naturally, the other, more generous type of Capricorn is a little different, but they also like to possess for the sake of reputation and prestige." (Ljiljana Milajić, The Horoscope, "Woman 21" magazine, issue 7, May-June 2001, Australia) WHY DO THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES NOT POSSESS REAL VIRTUES? As we have stated before, the psychological types are products of motives which cannot bear the criticism of common sense and personality defense mechanisms which people use to defend themselves from their own voice of reason and conscience asking for reform. We have seen that the same motives are hidden beneath both their flaws and virtues. When an astrologer divides a Zodiac sign to morally “higher” and “lower”, they do not talk about different motives, but different sublimations of one and the same motive, or about the defense mechanisms which induce one to behave in a morally “elevated” manner. However, a truly grown adult is the one who defeats the bad motive, not the one who suppresses, sublimates or redirects it. How can we say whether our own “elevated" behavior is a sign of the sublimation of motives which are essentially bad or it represents a true growing up of our personality? By our reaction at the time of unpleasant stressful circumstances! The very circumstances we refer to as the excuse for our bad reactions test our true motives. In the stressful situations our true motives find an occasion to come out and reveal their true nature. Under the pressure of temptation in form of food or tobacco indulgence, the Scorpio type will put their health in danger. In a stressful period the Virgo 59 type will be inclined towards a suspicious "Gestapo-like" spirit and therefore show readiness to endanger their own and other's welfare for the sake of blind observance of principles. The Cancer type will demonstrate cowardly betrayal of a friend under the pressure of unjust authority. The Libra type will demonstrate the same cowardly betrayal, not because of their own selfish fear, but the vain fear of losing the approval of society. The Aries type will in times of stress transform their self-sacrificing courage into madness; their own wounded pride into hatred and destruction. The Leo type will be a close and devoted friend, until the person they love elevate themselves above them in terms of their values. The Gemini type will show a noble character until their own personal interests become endangered. Can we call some elements of man’s personality virtues if they reveal a flawed character just when they should prove to be virtues? Of course not! Behind various virtues there are often flaws, which reveal their true nature only in times of stress. Because of this fact, a stressful situation is not as bad as it may seem, since it can make us become aware of the actual content of our motives. They therefore give us a chance to beat these motives and thus reform our true character. When a person truly conquers the temptation of the motives which characterize their psychological type, they liberate themselves from their great Ego and their defense mechanisms, so we cannot say that they have a corresponding Zodiac sign. For instance, it is known that the psychological sign of Aries is incapable of putting up with injustice due to their pride and rebellious nature. But, should they beat their pride and rebellious nature to stand injustice with meekness and humility, would it not be utterly meaningless to say that they have a corresponding Zodiac sign of Aries whose character is defined as: “Proud, vengeful, quicktempered” (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, Check It, pg 74)?! The nature of temptation is such that, if we respond to it with maturity, we acquire traits contrary to our Zodiac sign. A mature reaction make the proud become humble, rebellious become meek, selfish - unselfish, vengeful - merciful, cowardly become brave, 60 unreasonable become reasonable, unconscientous - conscientious, immoderate - moderate, and so forth. It is therefore entirely inadequate to attribute the Virgo sign to a person if the person defeats their stinginess and becomes generous; or to attribute the Cancer sign to the one who is not possessive, etc. The one who maturely overcomes temptations in life does not behave in accordance with their Zodiac sign, but with conscience and common sense, purposefully to the real needs of life, free of any typology of Zodiac signs. Our life needs also include the needs of our spouse. Our readiness and ability to live for someone else certainly indicates a healthy development of our personality, which moved from childlike egoistic self-absorption to the path of growing up to complete maturity where we are able to live for others. This raises the question: Do astrology and its findings help us successfully overcome temptations in choosing our spouse and building marital relationship itself? Many believe that we explore horoscope just to find out how to beat life temptations. Therefore the question of whether astrology helps us in beating those temptations is justifiable. Or is it perhaps keeping us from doing so? ASTROLOGY AND MARRIAGE 61 The time when our parents chose our spouse is now long gone. The time has come when young people decide, on the basis of their love for one another, to start a future life together. They may think of the patriarchal times with appall, when they would be in a slave-like relationship with a person they did not choose voluntarily, waking up every morning beside someone who is a stranger to their heart. However, without proper understanding of the concept of marital decision even their present relationship, based on their mutual true emotions, might suffer the same fate. One day, when the emotions go silent, they would wake up beside a person they have never really chosen to love. Instead of themselves, the marital decision has been made by their emotions. One day, when the emotions have vanished, the decision has vanished with them. Actually, it would turn out that a true decision of free will never existed. To have free will does not mean to make decisions according to current impulses, emotions and urges of one’s own nature, but to make decisions without regard to them, and to bring into one’s life the quality of experience which makes the relationship filled with the most supreme contents and meaning. One’s decision to love can fill their whole relationship with love, even if it was empty and slavish for decades. A real marital decision, which stands on the foundations of unselfish love, is a condition for marriage to actually be marriage. By definition, marriage is a vow of love, which implies us making a responsible life decision to live for our spouse, to take care of them and serve them, to show willingness to sacrifice for them all those character flaws which might be an obstacle to our common happiness. In making a marital decision – a vow a love, we are naturally confronted with our own character weaknesses which prevent us from making the decision. Selfish motives of human nature which give rise to intentions to emotionally and sensually use the spouse either result fear of marriage or impulsive, inconsiderate and irresponsible marriage, without a true decision for the other person. By solely announcing a relationship an official marital union, but without 62 awareness of mutual responsibility and the decision to live for one another, nothing magical will be done to make such a relationship better than the one which is not formally called marriage. One needs to beat oneself, their selfishness and sensuality, otherwise the fear of their non-fulfillment, losing a better opportunity, etc. gets in their way of making a real marital decision. Unless they beat their selfishness and sensuality, they will not have courage for making a marital decision, or they will base the decision on their unconquered selfishness and sensuality themselves. The same weaknesses that made them start a relationship might one day be the cause of its breakup, once they are no longer satisfied, or when directed to satisfy themselves by someone else. The first question one has to ask themselves when choosing a spouse is not – “Can I love him/her?“, but “Am I the kind of person who is able to love him/her? Is it over with my selfishness, sensuality, pride, vain oversensitiveness, my desire for power and perhaps my cynicism and grumpiness?“ As long as we are leaving the essential question of our spirit unanswered, we will not be ready to consider the quality of our potential spouse objectively, because we will be limited by the question whether we like them or not. The reason why we love someone should lie in our hearts, our love, not the values of that person which make us love them in this case. Only when we become capable of loving them regardless of their values and shortcomings, we should start analyzing whether they are truly the right person for marriage, that is, whether we will truly be friends, willing and capable of helping each other in life. The fear of getting married, which is a natural result of awareness of all the responsibilities of marital vows, might not be overcome in a mature way and thus form a need in us to give up the responsibility of choosing a spouse. The lack of true foundations of the marital decision is frequently manifested through one’s need to let someone or something else make the decision. Naturally, such transfer of responsibility reveals the lack of love. In this case, we will analyze the phenomenon of transferring the responsibility for choosing a spouse to the astrological factor and astrological advice. 63 HOW DO ADVICES BASED ON TRUST IN THE ASTROLOGICAL PHENOMENON WORK? Let us look at the example of advice given by astrologers to the persons born under two mutually “inadequate” Zodiac signs. We will analyze the relationship between the people belonging to the signs which are extremely different, because their relationships have the most expressive consequences of unconquered temptations, which to a lesser extent characterize the other signs and the relationships between them. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANCER AND ARIESSELFISHNESS VS PRIDE The astrological authority describes the relation between Cancer and Aries as follows: “The emotions do not concord, both of them suffer. Conflicts related to house, apartment, parents, family and country." (Mile Dupor, Astromedicine, pg 102) There are differences between Cancer and Aries which lead astrologers to the conclusion that their relationship cannot be successful. However, on a global level, mental differences between partners already exist based on their sexes, so if these natural differences between male and female views of the world, types of intelligence, interests, etc. are not kept from abuse and perversion, they themselves will, instead of being a source of mutual welfare, become a source of conflict of these partners and failure of their relationship. Following the logic of astrologers, one may conclude that even the members of the opposite sexes should not be involved in a relationship because they are different and because these differences might ruin their relationship. There are differences between Cancer and Aries which are typical for male and female sex. Aries, alongside with Sagittarius and Leo, is considered to be a typical male Zodiac sign, whereas Cancer is regarded as a typical female sign. Aries’ pride 64 and vanity on one side, and Cancer’s selfish sentimentality on the other, represent different temptations typical for both sexes. Due to the differences in temptations which stem from sexual differences, astrologers conclude that the relationship between Aries and Cancer is doomed to failure. Naturally, their relationship will be doomed to failure if they give up the responsibility which makes them human, and that is the responsibility to not abuse their sexual characteristics to their own end, but to use them for mutual welfare, which is why they exist. Aries’ temptation is to abuse the attribute of their male authority, perverting it into pride and self-sufficiency, which is why they find an open expression or reception of love in the communication with their partner to be humiliating. Pride can even be a temptation to a female Aries, the woman – Eve, who experiences humiliation at the thought that she was made of Adam's rib. She prefers the thought of having been made like a man- out of the dust of the earth than the thought of having been made out of beloved’s rib. Unlike Aries, Cancer’s temptation is a typical female temptation. Abuse of emotions makes Cancer selfish, burdened with proofs of love and acceptance. Cancer's unquenchable need for everyday signs of love by their partner Aries, who out of pride hesitates to show their love openly, leads to a heavy mutual conflict. Is seeking a partner who will put up with Aries’ pride or maybe Cancer’s obsessive need for proofs of love a solution? Or maybe the solution lies in repentance for your own pride and selfishness? Should you change a partner or your own self? Astrological advice discourages you in advance, telling you to give up the fight for the quality of your soul, which conditions the quality of your relationship. Nevertheless, victory over your own weakness will give the right example and encourage the other side to beat themselves. What can break a proud heart of a typical Aries more easily and successfully than gentle, unselfish and unburdening love of a former Cancer who beat their selfishness? What will disencumber a selfish and obsessive Cancer than an example of unselfish and meek love of a former Aries who beat their pride? Temptations are challenges for us to beat them and show that the 65 person we love is more important to us than our character weaknesses. THE RELATION BETWEEN CANCER AND SAGITTARIUS – POSSESSIVENESS AND REVOLT AGAINST MARITAL BONDAGE “In a relationship with a Cancer a Sagittarius feels like buried alive. In order to preserve the relationship, a restless Sagittarius would have to give up having fun, flirting, and even eyeing off with the opposite sex. They will certainly not give up their free will which allows them to do what they please, which is totally unacceptable to the sensitive and possessive Cancer.” (Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, pg 58) As we can see, an astrologer predicts a failure of such a relationship, because they reckon that a Sagittarius will surely not give up their shortcomings which basically make them incapable of having any kind of marital relationship. In the same fashion, the astrologers come to terms with Cancer’s possessiveness, the trait which also hinders Cancer’s healthy relationship with any other person. Unless they beat their weaknesses which make them recognizable among Zodiac signs, both types will, in essence, remain deeply incapable of having not only a marital relationship, but a healthy, happy and normal life. Sagittariuses will not be happy nor pleased as long as they cherish in their hearts a desire which leads them to “hunt”, flirt and conquer other people and thus cheat on their spouses. Nor will Cancer be happy as long as they are moved by a need to possess people and things. In order to love other people and live for them (which is a cornerstone of relationships with other people), one must beforehand be unburdened, genuinely pleased and happy. Neither the conquering pleasures of Sagittarius nor the emotional (possessive) pleasures of Cancer can satisfy them; they can merely suffocate the awareness of their inner discontent. Their only true solution is not to gratify their weaknesses, but to repent from them. But, instead of employing self-criticism and questioning their 66 actions and impulses of their hearts, astrology with its superstitious correlations induces people to draw attention from the source of their problem to the excuse for their weaknesses which they find in the stars, and, discouraged by “cosmic order” or “superior force”, abandon the fight for an honest relationship with their spouse. Different kinds of temptations of the psychological types of Sagittarius and Cancer is exactly why they can be right for each other, because they can clearly see each other's weaknesses that need to be overcome in order for their relationship to be based upon love, instead of the weaknesses which might have been the cause of their bonding one day, and the cause of their parting the other. The greatest obstacle in building and maintaining a marital relationship is not the spouses themselves being inadequate, but the absence of spouses’ good will to enhance the quality of their relationship. If a union of two people is based on selfishness and sensuality, spouses cease to be interesting to one another over time, because it is natural that they gets accustomed to constant sensual and emotional experiences. However, if the union is based on true unselfish love, spouses in time become more interesting to one another, because they gradually get to know each other better and respond to one another’s needs more successfully. While in the first case the couple can sadly state that they find each other boring, in the other they will joyfully say that they got to love their spouse even more in the meantime. Those who are not ready to sacrifice and forsake their own selves (and the weaknesses of their character) in order to fight to strengthen the relationship are not worthy of the blessings of marriage. The most an astrologer can do is to invite one to change their own behavior instead of their partner. Yet, to change one's behavior is not to change oneself. Astrological advice, based on trust in the determination of human character by the position of the stars, does not attempt to entice us to change ourselves, in which case any similarity to our Zodiac sign would be wiped off, and our future life would be free of any need for horoscope. To change a policy of relationships with other people is in essence craftiness, but to change oneself, that means to truly become human. 67 THE RELATION BETWEEN CANCER AND LEO – COWARDICE VS VIOLENCE The relation between Cancer and Leo represents the relation between a subordinate and a dominant person. In the relation between men and women there is a natural difference in the responsibilities of different sexes which complement each other. It is natural that a woman is dependent on a man, as much as it is natural that a man is independent and capable of providing a woman with psychophysical security. Even when the most passionate feminists ask the state to ensure their rights, in a way, they ask the state to take over a protective role of a stronger man. Nevertheless, an authoritarian relationship may be formed between the sexes, where one person domineers over the personality of another. It takes two people to build such a depraved relationship. It is most characteristic of the relationship of the psychological types of Leo and Cancer due to their complementary weaknesses. Leo naturally tends to domineer over the personality of other people, practicing violence over their will, reason and conscience. They find this to be easiest in a relationship with the Cancer type, for this type generally tends to give up the responsibility for their actions and leave it to somebody else to think and decide instead of them, whether willingly or out of fear of authority. Such a pathological relationship, where a Cancer renounces their personal attributes to satisfy a violent Leo may seem to be very successful. Both partners can seem very content. Sometimes we can clearly see Cancer's mentally “broken" personality, without them being aware of the grave state of their own condition. The reason for this lies in the fact that the Cancer type is prone to showing mechanisms of reverse behavior in their subordinate attitude towards Leo, sucking up to their master, flattering them, using diminutives while they speak to them, which reveals that their attitude of loyalty is intertwined with cowardice and fear on a subconscious level. If the psychological type of Cancer became aware of the true nature of their attitude, then they could 68 solve the problem. But, they are prone to using various absurdities to excuse and justify their authoritarian attitude towards Leo. Do astrologers attempt to make Cancer aware of their temptation? Do they make Leo pay attention to their disrespect of other person’s personality and violence over their conscience? Let us take a look at the advice astrologers give for such a combination: “This kind of incongruous combination of fire and water in life is often quite successful. Leos are to give credit for that, it seems, for they willingly accept to be victims of flightiness and whimsicality of Cancers, who use the generosity of Leos to a maximum extent.” (Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 71) We can see that astrologers support Cancer’s subordinate and authoritarian attitude towards Leo. If Cancer was aware of their slavery, then they and their temptation would be closer the one of Gemini, who is characterized by rationality and awareness of the temptation. Does the astrological advice in this case give comfort to Gemini, saying that they have the freedom of will to resist their subordination to Leo? Let us examine the astrological advice: “Leo’s paw has taken hold and it will not let go of the prey! Poor Gemini has no chance to get away here. They will realize that no trick in their arsenal can move Leo from their position of master and will remain their slave and follower." (Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 71) So, if one is not aware of their slavery due to their emotional exhilaration, astrologers flatter them that it is the sign of their master's good faith. Astrologers then do not see the Leo's paw over that person. But, if one is aware of their slavery, they claim that they have no strength to liberate themselves from it. THE RELATION BETWEEN SCORPIO AND VIRGO – SEXUAL OBSESSION VS ASEXUALITY 69 Sexually obsessed Scorpio type and the Virgo type which is barely interested in sex naturally come into conflict due to their sexual incompatibility. Unlike Scorpio, who seeks the cure for their inner discontent in sexual pleasure, Virgo seeks satisfaction in the purity of their conscience. Each has their source of satisfaction which, in practice, results in their mutual incompatibility. Each of them shows that they have a need which is more important to them than their partner. Virgo reveals the problem of unclear conscience which burdens them during almost any sensual pleasure. Scorpio reveals the inclination towards sensuality due to which the purpose of their sexuality is not to express love towards their partner, but to attempt to reach their own. Everyone has a conscience problem when they are moved by sinful motives, but there are differences between people and the way they solve the conflicts with their conscience. The Virgo type has emotions and feelings which are meagerly expressed, so it is easier for them to hypocritically hinder the expression of their weaknesses and enjoy the peace of their superficial legalistic conscience. They have a tendency to shift guilt, so instead of feeling guilty about their motives which are actually sinful, they often feel guilty for the actions which do not express the essential problem. The Scorpio type has intensely expressed emotions and feelings, so it is easier for them to suffocate the voice of their unclear conscience by indulging in sensual pleasures. The relationship between Scorpio and Virgo leads to the expression of their mutually adverse mechanisms and behavioral motives, so it gives them the opportunity to become aware of them and beat them. If Virgo's heart is genuinely pure, their conscience will be too, and they will not have any inner obstacles which would prevent them from expressing their love through sexuality, which would be adequate to the needs of their life companion. If Scorpio is truly moved by sincere love, they will not be tempted if their partner does not show an everyday interest in sexual contact with them. Besides, sexual intercourse takes just a small amount of time and communication which pervades a relationship of two people in love. If they are truly in love, they will be interested in recognizing all the 70 needs of their companion to be fulfilled. Their sexual relationship will be unburdened and free, whether of Scorpio's personal need for satisfaction, or of Virgo's self-righteous tendency to feel guilty about it. It will not be a substitute for love, nor a source of happiness, but merely a way to express love, an occasion to share the happiness of spirit. Sexuality nowadays has a distorted function with almost all the psychological types, for it is awaken without marital vows, for personal satisfaction; in this manner people are becoming unable to perform a healthy function of sexuality in marriage. THE ROLE OF ASTROLOGICAL ADVICE- CONCLUSION Unprepared to take over the responsibility for their lives, people have a need for different excuses, including horoscope, for it liberates them from their own responsibility for their actions and flatters them that their relationship with the partner will go into the right direction, or perhaps discourages them, telling them that they are doomed to failure, regardless of their efforts to maintain the relationship. What can be said to those who explore the future of their relationship in horoscope analysis? If you expect a lucky star to contribute something to your relationship that is up to you and your partner, you do not need to be wise to understand that such a relationship is doomed to failure, not for some mystical reasons, but because its quality and success are up to you. Your relationship will possess as much quality as you give to it yourselves, and as much success as you sacrifice yourselves for each other. Besides, what would you think of yourselves as conscious and responsible individuals if it was not up to you alone? How pleased would you be with the fortune of your love if you only acted as audience, without will and participation in creating and developing your own relationship? Yet, horoscope can tell you that your partner is not right for you and that you are not right for him or her because your characters 71 are mutually intolerable. What does it mean? In other words, it means that you both have serious character flaws which prevent you from getting along, because they make you stand in each other’s way. But, if you truly love each other, why not sacrifice the character flaws for the sake of your love? Would you rather cultivate your flaws than build your love relationship? The very differences that might stand in your way can help you develop yourselves in terms of the flaws you have not even been aware of. The differences between the two of you are not necessarily as bad as such, because you need to complement each other, not merely exist double up. If you truly love each other, would it really be difficult for you to promise that you would do anything for the sake of the other? If you are not prepared to make such a sacrifice, then there is no person who deserves to build a relationship with you. What is the value of your relationship if it is not a result of the mutual decision to live for one another? How much do you appreciate the love of your partner if you have more trust in the stars than their true will to love you and live for you? Can you feel gratitude for the partner who loves you, not because they were tempted, stood the tests of life and thus chose to love you themselves, but because some superior force influenced them despite their will and choice? Naturally, marriage which was in essence not chosen by us is not worthy of surviving as a successful one. A true marital relationship is a decision based on unselfish and self-sacrificial love and it is developed throughout temptations of life. Only when a marital decision is not based on readiness to fight for the person one has chosen will they have a need to look for advice and safety of their relationship in astrological predictions, giving up their responsibility for the quality and success of their relationship. WHEN AND WHY WE CAN RECOGNIZE OURSELVES IN OUR ZODIAC SIGN? Let us note that astrology assigns a certain type of character that we only have when we exclude mature reaction of reason, 72 conscience and will from our personality, behaving irresponsibly towards the temptations we face. People do have the tendencies astrology ascribes to them as personal traits, but they also have the abilities to overcome them by reason, conscience and will. However, if they behave irresponsibly, letting bad tendencies of their nature and defense mechanisms of unclear conscience govern them, odds are that they will recognize themselves in the horoscope. There is a possibility to be accidentally born under a Zodiac sign or ascendant whose psychological type and its description best correspond to the behavioral motives and defense mechanisms that we are naturally prone to, and therefore, due to the recognized similarity, arrive at the conclusion that an astrological factor irrefutably exists. That is why different horoscopes simultaneously “function” in practice (Western, Indian, Chinese, Aztec, etc.), even though they provide often mutually contradictory predictions of the character of people born on a certain date in a certain place. Naturally, since people with certain psychophysical characteristics are born at every moment in every month, there can always be an accidental match between traits of a person and horoscopic predictions of any horoscope system. Now we need to explain why there are differences between the psychological types based on which astrologers classify people as different Zodiac signs. What influences us to abuse our emotions (corresponding to the Cancer type in its most extreme variety), or to abuse the mental notions about our own worth (corresponding to the Libra type), or our senses (corresponding to the Scorpio type), or perhaps to smother our urges influenced by our sense of guilt (corresponding to the Virgo type)? Everyone abuses what they have most at their disposal, depending on their inheritance and external influences. Therefore, we will now focus on anthropology. 73 ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ZODIAC SIGNS The differences between various types of psychological Zodiac signs represent the very differences between people. Those differences between people are not a result of any mystical or superstitious causes, but are the result of the perversion of various human abilities. ORIGINATION OF VARIOUS ABILITIES Our abilities differ from person to person depending on the gender we belong to, our age, genetic adaptation to climate conditions we live in, our natural talent for certain work activities and the influence of external factors. GENDER DISTINCTIONS Gender distinctions are purposeful to different responsibilities of men and women in terms of society, family and bringing up offspring. Different levels of male and female hormones at the early stages of human development result in unlocking of the genes responsible for different abilities. Besides forming the visible sexual differences, they also influence the emergence of differences in the way the male and female brains function. Women’s left and right side of the brain are more mutually connected, so the activity of their brains “disperses”, whereas men use either their left or their right side to a greater extent, depending on the nature of a task they are solving at the given moment. A woman can simultaneously watch her child, listen to the sounds in the kitchen, talk and knit, while a man can concentrate solely on one activity at a time. Different levels of sex hormones in prenatal stage lead to development of the different types of intelligence. While women show a more developed F factor (the ability to use words) and M 74 factor (mechanical memory ability), men show a more developed R factor (highly developed ability to comprehend relations, and to find general principles, correctness and laws from given information) and N factor (the ability to easily and successfully operate with numbers, primarily in basic calculations). Female children prefer playing family games with the dolls they feed, attend and caress, whereas male children are more interested in games involving technical characteristics, construction, power, establishment of influence, battle and conquest. And while a woman is more endowed with emotional intelligence which reveals her sphere of responsibility and care- and those are the people she is immediately close to, a man is characterized with abstract intelligence – issues of general significance which induce him to be the source of safety for his wife and family, as well as the source of justice in human community. Therefore, corresponding to their place under the sun: for women it’s more important how they feel, while for men it is more important that what he is doing is worthy, powerful, significant, and just. In order to remain focused away from the responsibilities which primarily correspond to female gender, man’s sentimentality and ability to perform more than one thing at a time are blocked by male hormone testosterone during his development. The abilities of male and female genders are mutually complementary. In a stressful situation, a woman will rather react defensively with the emotion of fear (so that she can keep her children), whereas she will leave the offensive to her man, who is endowed for aggressive defense of his family with his psychophysical characteristics. AGE DISTINCTIONS Age distinctions are a consequence of different types and levels of responsibility that a human being can bear from the early 75 childhood through to the old age. In the earliest childhood the responsibilities of children are focused on the performance of their own physiological functions which are necessary for the survival; at the age of puberty there is a sudden psychophysical development and diversion of interests from their own selves to other people, especially of opposite sex, whereas at the mature age the responsibility for the family and social events is awaken in us. Any higher level of responsibility is accompanied by the corresponding hormonal activation of developing abilities which enable us to fulfill the responsibilities presented to us by our life’s needs. At the age of puberty there is a highest rise in the level of sex hormones. We notice maximum exhibition of sex peculiarities in both genders in terms of their looks and psyche. Males’ body becomes more muscular (man should be a source of safety), and females’ with layers of fat on the chest, hips and stomach (woman should be capable of looking after their children). Men’s voices become deep, women's high-pitched. Excessive level of hormones results in increased body temperature and occurrence of a specific body scent. There is also increased sensuality, manifested through an increased need for food, which is adequate to the needs of accelerated psychophysical development, and through the sexual curiosity, which is purposeful to finding a spouse. At the age of puberty there is an awakening of human being’s need to become independent and take over their life responsibilities. Women have a strong need to have children, while men's need for fatherhood’s care gets activated only with the scent of a baby. Different kinds of abilities are now activated and are at our disposal, and it is greatly up to us and our interests to decide which abilities we are going to keep and then develop. Somewhere around the age of thirty there is a new rise in the level of hormones with the purpose to activate those abilities which are the most adequate to the highest level of our responsibility towards our family and society. After they have performed their developmental function, the level of hormones is reduced. 76 RACIAL DISTINCTIONS The differences between people, which are the result of their different genetic origins, are mostly caused by their adaptation to different climate conditions. Unlike the White race, which was adapted to the moderate climate, members of the Yellow race are characterized by slow metabolism, proneness to obesity, stocky body, instinctive inclination towards making supplies and a multitude of other attributes which express their adaptation to the cold polar climate. Black race possesses attributes which indicate to their adaptation to the warm and sunny climate of the tropical and subtropical belts. “We have already stated that stocky body with short extremities is more appropriate for keeping warm: this is exactly what we can see in genuine Yellow people, Tungusians, Mongols (and also Tungids) and the people of Siberia (Sibirids). Their hands and feet are extremely small... they have round heads with least parts that stick out and therefore less surface to be cold or freezing... Tungids’ heads have smooth forehead in most of the cases. The nose is low and narrow, cheekbones are wide and prominent; this makes the face more round, especially if it is covered in a fat layer of tissue, and the nose better protected. The eyes of the genuine Yellow people are more specific than the eyes of all the other people: the eye sockets are narrow, and the eyeballs in them and the other protective organs are well coated with fat; in addition, the upper eyelids cover the inner corner of the eye and makes tears run into the nose: that is the characteristic “Mongolian eye”. The narrow eye socket protects the eye form harmful gleam – reflection from icy and snowy surfaces. The other peculiarities of Tungids are sharp black hair, very weak beard and small amount of hairs.. Thick hair and perhaps a curly beard can maintain the exhaled moist air which can freeze, and that can harm the area around the lips.” (Božo Škerlj, Man, pg 315-317) Adaptive differences between human races are somewhat caused by different levels of male and female hormones. Every person has both the male and the female hormones, but their mutual 77 relation is determined by our gender (a man is determined by his Y chromosome), along with external influences to some extent (awareness of specific life needs or an intense stress that can change the hormonal imbalance), as well as different racial origins to a certain extent. And, while the Yellow race is characterized by excessive female hormones, with a developed eurosomatic vector in the constitution of both sexes, the Black race is characterized by excessive male hormones, so both sexes have a developed leptosomatic vector. Actually, since the members of the Yellow race live in unfavorable climate conditions, raising children requires a greater extent of attention from both parents, whereas in the more favorable climate conditions this requirement is less to some degree. Man's feminine attributes (emotional closeness, etc.) are activated by an excess of female hormones so that he can get more interested in the events in his immediate environment (family). That female intelligence, which is less abstract and more practical, helps him successfully respond to the existential needs in specific polar climate conditions. Reduced level of male hormones reduces his interests in global issues (politics, philosophy and so on) which could in his case seriously endanger his family’s and his own existence. Male intelligence with its abstract issues would burden him with a responsibility he would not be able to fulfill, and hinder his practical intelligence needed for survival in the unfavorable climate conditions. “Keith (Kiss) was the first who attempted to explain racial distinctions based on different effects of hormonal glands, that is, based on biochemistry. The difference certainly has its causes but it cannot be the primal cause of racial distinction. But, the fact is that the races, if we describe them as adaptive differences between humans, are complete types after all, which we cannot consider solely as an abstraction, but only from the encompassing viewpoint as specific morphological vectors. We can note and prove by biostatistical methods that – at least so far in Europe – some sub-races or types are morphologically more associated with male gender and leptosomatic vector. The Alpides, for example, are closer to 78 eurosomatic and female vector, whereas Mediterranides and Atlantides are closer to leptosomatic and male vector. Hence, in theory, masculinity or femininity and lepto- or eurosomatic types can be considered as "racial marks" of any sub-race or type. The above overview determined for European sub-racial types can be expanded to all the races. The Yellow race – in general – is more eurosomatic and “feminine” than the Black race. But, for instance, the Paleomongoloids are more feminine and eurosomatic than the Sinides.” (Božo Škerlj, General Anthropology, pg 89) Researches done on the level of the male hormone testosterone with different human races revealed that it is most represented in the members of the Black race and least represented with the Yellow race. Difference in the level of hormones is equated in later age, but the one which existed during the prenatal development is essential. "The races differ in their level of sex hormones. Hormone levels are highest in Blacks and the lowest in Orientals. This may tell us why Black women have premenstrual syndrome (PMS) the most and Orientals the least. The races also differ in testosterone level which helps to explain men's behavior. In one study of college students, testosterone levels were 10 to 20% higher in Blacks than in Whites. For an older sample of U.S. military veterans, Blacks had levels 3% higher than Whites (see the 1992 issue of Steroids). In a study of university students, Black. Americans had 10 to 15% higher levels than White Americans. The Japanese (in Japan) had even lower levels. Testosterone acts as a "master switch." It affects things like self-concept, aggression, altruism, crime, and sexuality, not just in men, but in women too. Testosterone also controls things like muscle mass and the deepening of the voice in the teenage years. ... The testosterone translates into more explosive energy. Entine points out that these physical advantages give Blacks the edge in sports like boxing, basketball, football, and sprinting." (J. Philippe Rushton, Race, Evolution and Behavior, pg 39, 14) Human society requires people of different abilities, beside those that are a consequence of the different roles of male and female 79 gender. Hence the differences between people and human populations resulting from their various abilities (gifts), so, as some have the gift for hunting, others are gifted for commerce, crafts, crop farming, stock farming, etc. Different gifts require different types of intelligence. Higher level of testosterone during the prenatal development is indicated by the longer ring finger than the index finger on the right hand. The length difference between these two fingers is less with men and higher with women. The Black race has the least difference, then the White race, while the Yellow race has the highest difference between the two fingers. If male and female hormones are equally present in the prenatal period, they activate a simultaneous development of both male and female intelligence, so the person possesses above average intelligence and is therefore talented for successful performance of jobs which require both types of intelligence. Research has shown that these people show a strong interest in science from an early age. However, a percentage of these people also become sexually deviant 80 in puberty. If a person in the prenatal period has a lower level of both types of hormones, the range of their developed abilities is different and they can rather successfully perform the most practical jobs far better than if they had both expressive male and female intelligence. They are capable of performing their job with discipline and pedantry, without diversion to the issues which might make their mind wander and thus lessen their success. A successful society consisting exclusively of scientists, warriors, merchants, etc. is unimaginable. For women who have excessive male hormones, and therefore developed male intelligence due to their anthropological origin, it is natural to take up occupations where they can show their greatest abilities. The same applies to men with more developed female abilities. Every person has their place under the sun and their abilities can contribute to the welfare of the entire human society. DISTINCTIONS DUE TO EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ABILITIES ADEQUATE TO STRESSFUL CIRCUMSTANCES AND NEEDS OF LIFE "It sometimes seems that intense desire creates not only its own opportunities, but its own talents." (Eric Hoffer) Depending on the different needs of life we encounter, that create adequate mental notions and emotions in us, there is a corresponding activation of different hormones which set in motion the abilities adequate to the response to these needs. Our mental condition, which is a result of certain stressful circumstances, causes adequate hormonal reactions. For instance, awareness of the danger instantly increases the level of certain hormones (adrenaline and cortisol) which enable us to stand up to the source of danger more effectively (characteristic of male gender) or to flee from it (characteristic of female gender). An exception circumstance will activate the responses we are not normally prone to in normal 81 circumstances. A male rat is naturally disinterested in his young, but if he notices that they are without their mother, a strong parental instinct is activated in him, and he takes over the responsibility of custody over them instead of their mother. A multitude of examples in the entire living world reveals the mechanism of locking and unlocking genes which activate or suspend the abilities adequate to the concrete needs of life. The mental notion about these needs and emotions adequate to reality are the key factors of activation of those psychophysical abilities needed for fulfillment of these needs. Nevertheless, instead of responding to life’s needs with our abilities, we have a natural inclination to use our abilities to respond to the unquenchable requirements of our huge Ego, which makes our hormonal activity inadequate to the actual needs of life, but rather the irrational urges of our inner discontent and the self-destructive mechanisms of our guilty conscience as well. DESTRUCTIVE REACTION OF MOTIVATION TO THE STRESSFUL CIRCUMSTANCES If we were by nature incorrupt, various life circumstances would develop in us abilities which would contribute to our successful existence from early childhood onwards. Any kind of stress would naturally shape us. Unpleasant emotions would arouse meekness and humility in a child, and the pleasant ones – gratitude. Even as children we would demonstrate evolutionary progress in development as opposed to other living beings. However, it seems that nature did not enable us to purposefully respond to stress in life; unpleasant emotions make children prone to depression, whereas pleasant emotions make them pampered, egocentric and selfish. Human organism is, while still in the prenatal stage of development, particularly affected by the psychophysical condition of the mother. Her inadequate nutrition or immature reaction to stress might leave permanent consequences on the development of her child. Intense and long-term mental stress at the early age of a 82 child may also have a negative influence on the psycho-physiology of the child’s development. External influences can be divided on the basis of whether they have affected a person at the time of their development – when they were not responsible for their reactions and therefore incapable of resisting their negative effect, and the time of their maturity – when they are responsible for their actions and capable of responding to any external influence in a mature way, regardless of whether it is positive or negative. During the development stage negative external influences naturally degrade a person, but, with the maturity of their will, they may shape them or degrade them even further, depending upon their own choice. CONSEQUENCES OF IMPOSING CULTURAL VALUES One of the external influences is an attempt to affect a child through disciplining, and later a grown adult through repressive measures of civil law by means of certain cultural values. Nevertheless, no matter how deep the cultural values are rooted, they alone will not be able to change one’s essential motives. For instance, if three people were disciplined and taught to cherish the same cultural values under the same external influence, or to be more precise, if they were taught that they should stand up and let an older person sit down in a bus, they will probably do so. A superficial psychologist or sociologist, absorbed with the modern age ideology – which states that the circumstances are to blame and are decisive in all affairs - would find in this case a "proof" that external factors are decisive over genetic inheritance and represent the way to achieve love and peace between people. Yet, a thorough analysis would reveal that one person let the older one sit down out of their own vanity (pride), the other out of their selfish sentiment, and the third out of guilt. The social factor succeeded in creating a certain behavior, but the essential motives which depend on their genetic inheritance remained unchanged. A superficial psychologist 83 or sociologist will say that the motives are of no importance and that the goal was achieved, the goal being – a noble behavior. However, a thorough analysis would also show that, no matter how sublime these cultural values are declaratively, they will be of no use in the actual stressful situations. The person who out of vanity adopted the cultural value of polite and tolerant behavior towards the people belonging to a different race, nation, religion or political orientation can act in complete accordance with the adopted values for a long period of time. But, as soon as real tests of life arrive, at the time of stress where their Ego gets wounded, they will naturally get vainly offended and expose their hatred and therefore openly breach their culturally adopted declarative values. The person who adopted the cultural values out of guilt will tend to transgress the values in a stressful situation under the influence of suspicion and fear from external and internal enemies. The person who was moved to fulfill their cultural values by a selfish sentiment will show a cowardly tendency to renounce the values in case their selfish motives are endangered. Instead of reforming our motives and thus proving ourselves mature enough to stand up to life’s temptations, we tend to seek protection from the state in order to keep us away from the temptations which would unveil the false nature of our cultural values. Such a transfer of responsibility from ourselves to the state, forms a totalitarian state which, using political and ideological means, creates false peace and security among its populace. Led by the same principles, the forces of the New World Order are attempting to establish peace among people on the global level. As we can see, external factors act solely from the outside. Neither imposing of cultural values nor a firm role of the state can compensate for the sphere of our personal responsibility, our voluntary and honest repentance for the motives which overpowered our will. MATURITY 84 Unlike the period of our development, in the period of our maturity negative external influences cannot be used an excuse for our inadequate reaction, because we are endowed with abilities to govern ourselves and the world around us in accordance with our common sense, conscience and free will. Those who have come of age are considered responsible for their actions and therefore answerable for their incorrect behavior before the court, whereas children and the mentally ill are not held responsible. The destructive motives which overpowered us during our early development can change their quality at the time of our maturity and go in a desired direction, based upon our willingness to do so. Depending on our choice, one and the same stressful situation at the time of our maturity may bring out entirely different motives in ourselves. The stress that causes pleasant sensual experiences, elevated mental notions and pleasant emotions can arouse either love and gratitude, or ingratitude, sensuality, pride and selfishness. The stress which causes negative experiences can bring out good motives in us (courage, decisiveness, meekness, humility and due care), or destructive motives (cowardice, hatred and anxiety), which also depends upon our own choice. The meaning of positive or negative influence of external circumstances on our spirit is in our hands. ENLIGHTENING INFLUENCE ON CHILDREN AND ADULTS Yet, although the external factors cannot compensate the significance of our free will, they can help our positive choice become easier and freer. Correct parental upbringing will not tend to free a child of the responsibility for its behavior (which is a philosophy of a modern age), or to manipulate its natural weaknesses: pride, guilt and selfishness, just to make it obey parents' values or the cultural values of the society they live in. Through the correct upbringing, a child will be led to conquer its weaknesses 85 (pride, selfishness, sensuality, etc.) from an early childhood by fulfilling the responsibilities a parent assigns to it according to its abilities. According to the famous pedagogist Dr Benjamin Spock, such kind of upbringing begins very early: "A baby of 9 months shouldn't be allowed to get the impression that it's all right to pull his mother's hair or bite her cheek but that he owes her respect. Between 1 and 2 years he shouldn't be allowed deliberately to break his own possessions nor to make a deliberate mess with them. By 2 he can be expected to go through the motions of helping his mother pick up his play-things. By 3 he should have such small chores as helping to set the table or empty the wastebaskets, even though they don't save his mother much work. By 7 or 8 he should be carrying out genuinely useful jobs each day. In family conversations children should hear their parents' concern about problems of the community, the nation, the world. They should see that their parents are contributing directly to the solutions - by participating in the work of churches and welfare committees, for instance, belong to concerned groups, making sizable contributions of money. In school children should be studying not only the great accomplishments of their nation but its deficiencies and mistakes ... I think that more of our children would grow up happier and more stable if they were acquiring a conviction, all through childhood, that the most important and the most fulfilling thing that human beings can do is to serve humanity in some fashion and live by their ideals." (Benjamin Spock, Baby and Child Care, pg 12, 18-19) If a child was not bred properly in the early stages of their development, subsequent disciplinary measures might incite the wrong use of will in the child, so they will tend to suppress their weaknesses only in terms of their demonstration, instead of genuinely rejecting them. This can be recognized by a child’s reaction who, after receiving disciplinary advice or reprimand, does not feel relieved and joyful but depressed and downhearted. A proper role of female parent – the mother, will develop in a child a character of cautiousness, compassion and meekness, but without a 86 sentimental weakness, whereas a proper role of male parent – the father, will develop in them a character of courage and righteousness, but without crudeness and cruelty. Such a child will let an older person sit down in a bus because they have decided to love and respect people, not because their pride, guilt or sentiment forced them to do so. Even a subsequent enlightening awakening of awareness of a grown adult’s personal responsibility for their motives and actions will give them greater liberty to substantially change themselves more easily, and rise up above the negative influences which have affected them up to that moment, whether from the outside, or from their own self. PERVERSION OF THE FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT HUMAN ABILITIES When due to immature reactions to everyday temptations our inner discontent overpowers us, a perversion of our different human abilities also occurs. These abilities then cease to be an instrument of human existence and become an instrument of suffocation of our inner discontent, which results in neglect and endangerment of our existence. Also, the inner discontent can make us displeased with our place under the sun which is provided by our real sexual, agedependent, adaptive and specific abilities we were endowed with by nature, and to seek satisfaction in activation of those abilities and characteristics which are not our primary ones, and which are only a passing phase in the development of our personality. SEX DISTINCTIONS There are psychophysiological differences between masculine and feminine sex which perfectly correspond to the union 87 between both sexes in their formation of family, living and raising children, as well corresponding to its general social role. However, inner discontent of spirit makes members of both sexes abuse the abilities they have at their disposal. As emotions are more important to a woman than to a man because of her role in the family, she becomes more selfish than a man through emotional abuse. A man, due to his role in society, cares more about the mental notions about global significance and value of his work, so he tends to become more proud than a woman does. For the selfishness, a woman cares more than a man, while a man is more easily insulted due to his pride. Unlike women, who depend on men in a certain degree, men seem to be more independent, so women’s dependence can turn into their authoritarian need to let someone else think and decide for them, whereas men’s independence can turn into an irrational one, being an end in itself – arrogance. A woman is by nature more empathic than a man, which in her case can be perverted into sentimental weakness and narrow-minded interest solely in people she is close to. Men are focused on the issues of global social significance, which can be perverted into evasion of actual life’s responsibilities and into impractical philosophizing on political and other issues of generic significance. Women are naturally more easily scared than men are, because they do not possess the ability for a physical encounter with the enemy of the family, which can pervert this adaptive characteristic into cowardice, suspicion and burden with guilt. Men are by nature more righteous than women, which can be turned into pride and cruelty. Men also have a natural responsibility to be a source of security and physical protection for their wife and family due to their power and influence, which can turn into desire for power, and inclination towards violence and aggressiveness. That is why criminal activities are far more frequent among men than among women. CLASSIFICATION OF ASTROLOGICAL SIGNS BASED ON SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS 88 One of the classifications of astrological signs was made upon the basis of the extent of “masculine” or “feminine” characteristics of a sign. As such a classification best depicts the origin of the characteristics of different signs, we will hold to these classifications in our psychological and anthropological analyses. Zodiac signs with expressive masculine attributes are Libra, Sagittarius, Aries and Leo. In them, we can notice a certain perversion of various masculine attributes which would otherwise have a useful function, while under the influence of spiritual discontent they become destructive. A masculine ability of abstract thinking, which is characterized by the capability to re-evaluate the value and general significance of their own behavior, perverts into vain occupation with the mental notions about their imagined worth and grandeur in all the masculine signs, which in its “purest” form can be found within the psychological type of Libra. Man’s self-sufficiency and independence transform into arrogance in the psychological type of Sagittarius. Within the same type, the gift of hunting transforms into adventurousness. Man’s authority, dignity and righteousness pervert into arrogance and short temper in the psychological type of Aries. In the psychological type of Leo, man’s influence and power which were meant for management of social relationships (leader’s gift), as well as for the satisfaction of needs and protection of his own family, transform into desire for power and predisposition towards violence. Some astrologers include Gemini into the masculine signs, while others consider Gemini neutral. Actually, Gemini represents a very moderate combination of various masculine and feminine traits. Emphasized feminine communicativeness and talkativeness, whose purpose is to teach children how to speak, in this sign (as well as in Sagittarius) turn into a tendency to babble in order to alleviate mental tension. Woman’s devotion to her children and family transforms into egoistic narcissism that is careless of other people’s needs and in combination with masculine reasonableness transforms into exploitation. 89 Zodiac signs with the expressive feminine attributes are Cancer, Pisces and Virgo. These signs also illustrate a perversion of natural feminine characteristics under the influence of spiritual discontent. A feminine ability of experiencing reality emotionally, with has the purpose of recognizing the needs of people with whom a woman is in a close and direct contact, perverts into a selfish sentimentality in all feminine signs, especially in the psychological type of Cancer. Woman’s need for stability provided by a man is turned into a need for an authority that will think and make decisions for her, which is also characteristic of Cancer, Pisces and Virgo. In the psychological type of Cancer, strong maternal feelings turn into a selfish slavish bondage to children. Adaptive capacity to cold climate – gatherer’s gift, perverts into an emphasized possessiveness towards things and beings both in Cancer and in Virgo. Virgo has a reduced level of hormones, so is emotionally cold (lower level of female hormones), with no tendency towards philosophizing over the higher meaning of their own actions (lower level of male hormones). Virgos abuse the adaptive need for making supplies, which makes them quite stingy. The psychological type of Pisces is similar to the Cancer type, but without the attributes of adaption to the cold climate – gatherer’s instinct to make supplies, and also without the strong maternal instinct, but they have highly developed imagination, that is, their right part of the brain (the centre of artistic tendencies) plays a more significant role, which makes them similar to Sagittarius. Disposition for empathy in the psychological type of Pisces is turned into sentimental weakness and works as the defense mechanism of self-pity, due to which this type represents itself as miserable and thus denies the responsibility for their actions. Astrologers classify Scorpio into the feminine signs, even though it shows specific masculine and feminine sexual characteristics in both sexes, and their psyche is characterized by strong sensuality. Excessive male hormone testosterone makes a person more courageous, which can be perverted into reckless and fanatic bravery of those anthropological signs which have excessive 90 male hormones, while a lower level of male hormones naturally makes a person more easily scared, which can also be perverted into cowardice and suspicion. AGE DIFFERENCES People show different kind and level of their psychophysical abilities depending on their stage of life. During the early stage of childhood, child’s abilities are focused on its basic existential needs - taking food and relieving itself. Satisfaction or lack of satisfaction of these needs causes corresponding pleasant or unpleasant sensations, mental notions on security or insecurity and appropriate pleasant or unpleasant feelings. In this way, a child becomes aware of its need and can then attract the parents’ attention in order to make them satisfy its need. However, same as adults, a child can come into temptation to let itself be controlled by inner discontent (called “libido” by some psychologists), which will in this case “feed” on child’s pleasant or unpleasant experiences. Discontent perverts the function of child’s sensational, mental and emotional experiences and makes it respond to pleasant life experiences with selfishness (by recognizing the source of satisfaction which suffocates the inner discontent), and to the unpleasant ones with destructiveness (by recognizing the reason for “mental release" through destructive manifestation of its inner discontent). Without influence of inner discontent a child would have a feeling of insecurity as long as it experiences an objective stress which causes a corresponding feeling of insecurity. By satisfying its need for security, its feeling of insecurity would be replaced with appropriate feeling of security. Nevertheless, if the feeling of insecurity was a temptation for a child to become overpowered by inner discontent, parents could get confused when they notice that their child is still discontent and depressive, in spite of the fact that its real needs have been satisfied. Discontent that overpowers a child 91 during its early childhood can last for its whole life. In such a case, its need stays unquenchable in spite of being completely objectively and emotionally satisfied. Inner discontent sets back child’s spiritual development due to the child attaching to the source of experiences that are the response not to the actual need of life, but to the irrational motives of its “libido”. Such attachment psychologists refer to as a concept of fixation: "Spiritual development of a child happens gradually through separate stages. At every new, more advanced and, conditionally speaking, more mature period, the obstructions and strongholds from the previous stage more or less remain and are strengthened (fixated). The extent of the delay and fixation of the development on this level depends on the biological attributes, but also on child’s experiences in the interaction with its surroundings. Under the pressure of bad experiences and deep frustrations, child faces an intense fear and anxiety and it "hesitates" to expose itself to new, painful and frustrating experiences. It feels more secure in the already taken position, “the ambush”. As if it does not want to "go any further", to "grow" and "develop", because these new experiences in relationships could be unbearably painful. At that point real attachments and fixations of instinctive energy in certain developmental stages begin " (Nevenka Tadić, Psychiatry in Childhood and Adolescence, pg 69). Strengthening (fixation) becomes greater as a child is getting more frustrated in its aspirations and needs, but also in case it is being overindulged: "Over satisfactions and frustrations make the strengthening easier because a child, due to its excessive susceptibility, is not prepared to endure even relatively mild frustrations." (Ibid, pg 70) There are different stages of personality development whose purpose is to prepare us for to turn from ourselves and toward other people and to ensure our mature functioning in marriage, family and society. Nevertheless, all those developmental stages can become an 92 object of our abuse, certain fixations and their extension to the rest of our life, and thus disable the onset of our maturity. Based on the activities “libido” is focused on, psychologists made a classification of different stages of child development. Oral stage begins on birth and approximately lasts to the second year of life, anal stage – from the second to the third year, early genital stage – from the third to the fifth year, and the stage of stagnancy, when they learn how to control the intellectual activities – lasts from the fifth to the eighth year. “Temporally observed, sexual formation of an individual consists of several periods: in the first, an individual deals with their own personality as an object of their own eroticism (autoerotic period), then gets interested in another person later on (aloerotic period), at first of the same sex (homoerotic period), and then of the opposite sex (heteroerotic period).” (Dr Aleksandar Kostić, Sexual Knowing – III, pg 80) At first, the unconquered focus on their own self, and then the focus on another person but of the same sex, can also become the source of one’s inner discontent, and therefore the cause of stagnation of that person’s psychophysical development and perverted function of their sexuality, so they will be prone to masturbation and homosexuality. It is therefore very dangerous to arouse sexual interest with the youth as a source of their satisfaction before the completed psychophysical maturity, before their mature readiness to live for another person of the opposite sex. In puberty we have a natural need for being self-sufficient, independent from parental authority and responsible for our own actions, which, in case of immaturity, can turn into perversion of pride and rebellion towards authority of any kind. Intense sensuality during puberty represents one’s temptation to seek satisfaction in sensual pleasure (food and sexuality). If the inner discontent directed towards indulgence in food (voracity) is not beaten, it will force us to take excessive quantities of food even when our sudden physical development is completed and we no 93 longer require these quantities of food. In simple words – healthy sensuality and a healthy need for being independent can be perverted into hedonism and rebellious heroism. Unless we beat the temptation of his inner discontent, we will clutch to different sources of satisfaction as “a drowning man will clutch at a straw”, which will lead us into actions inappropriate for the actual needs of our lives, and the lives of other people around us. Puberty is the period of intensive development of personality, thus any immature activation and prolonging of abilities that are not responses to life’s actual needs lead to disorders in human development, which consequences may last throughout one’s lifetime. Seeking satisfaction in sensual experiences may lead to neglect and deterioration of both female and male types of intelligence, as well as hindrance of the final onset of a maturity. Unbeaten inner discontent that is directed at us seeking and conquering a spouse may delay the conclusion of the search for a spouse even after the start of our marital relationship, and thus make us promiscuous. Unbeaten sensuality is often a cause of family break-ups and the break-up of the very civilization which promotes hedonism. “The ultimate goal of sexual education in the nubilite* period – and one of the most important – is to acquire and support intention and will to start a marriage and family, and to aid the development of responsibility. At the same time it implies suppression of anti-marital mood, which is most often a consequence of the desire to lead a lewd, egotistic life, free of any commitment and feeling towards the other. To suppress submission to personal comfort and pleasures, to suppress the interests of own personality before the duties towards the other, to come to the belief that the highest personal happiness is reached in marriage as a good spouse and parent, which means that only in a fruitful marriage one can find a true meaning of life, and be aware that we are not here in this world for ourselves, but for our offspring and the future of humankind – here are the main directive lines of the 94 education in the nubilite period." (Dr Aleksandar Kostić, Sexual Knowing – III, pg 101-102) The life period following nobility also bears certain temptations. A woman can abuse her maternal emotions and develop a selfish relationship with her child, which will make her neglect the child’s real needs and pamper his or her weaknesses in order to influence the child as a parent. If a man has not conquered his inner discontent, he will be tempted to turn his abilities of power and influence (which have the purpose to preserve his family) against his own family and express violence and aggression to his wife and children. Hormones set in motion different abilities in corresponding life periods. While at the beginning of puberty the male hormone of testosterone particularly accentuated sexual interests and abilities, about the age of thirty, the same hormone no longer activates heightened sexual interests, as much as it activates interests and abilities for matters of general social significance. 95 While the perversion of sexual interest previously turned into sexual preoccupation, the interest in general social issues now perverts into over sensitive male pride, tendency towards being easily insulted, rough and aggressive. Namely, in mature age there is a maximum expression of the characteristic of male gender in their need to make everything they do valuable and significant, so if the notion of their value is perverted into a need which is the end in itself, it makes us proud and therefore sensitive, aggressive and prone to taking offense. The level of hormones is reduced in later years, life functions and abilities wane, so if we have not beaten our sensual, proud and selfish desires, we lose the means for their satisfaction. The very discontent, if not confronted, still remains. Since the experience of a pleasure becomes weaker than guilt, the feeling of guilt prevails and the unbeaten desires are suppressed to subconsciousness. This leads to formation of personality prone to authoritarianism, false moralizing, strictness and hypocritical condemnation of younger people, who are able to meet their desires. Discontent of spirit cannot be erased by any change of hormonal activity. It can be eliminated neither by lack of passion, whether natural one that comes with the old age, or the artificial one, through the use of tranquilizers or meditation techniques, but only through our true repentance for the discontent of our spirit, which perverts our abilities into sinful and self-righteous behavioral motives. DIVISION OF ZODIAC SIGNS BASED ON AGE Maturity of our personality is often disrupted by our tendency, out of our own immature satisfaction, to prolong the locking of those abilities which we no longer need for existence, 96 even when the life needs present us with other priorities that require activation of some other abilities. Astrologers claim that Scorpio is characterized by intense sensuality, accentuated sexual attributes, pimples and strong body scent, all of them being characteristics of puberty. Their temptation is to prolong the puberty elements for the rest of their lives due to the abuse of sensuality. A variation of Scorpio also prolongs the rebellious character, which is also a temptation of puberty. The psychological type of Virgo corresponds to older persons who have a reduced level of hormones, which may represent a temptation for false moralizing. RACIAL DISTINCTIONS BASED ON DIFFERENT ADAPTIVE ATTRIBUTES Human race distinctions resulting from their adaptation to different climate extremes can also lose their proper function under the influence of man’s inner discontent. As the Yellow race has the adaptive tendency towards making food supplies for the times of scarcity and frost, it may become an object of one’s satisfaction, which in this case is manifested as stinginess, possessiveness and a need to collect unnecessary things. Perhaps hence the need for some people to take interest in philately, numismatics, collection of serviettes, badges, stickers, etc. Since racial differences are somewhat followed by different levels of male and female hormones, we can recognize certain abused male and female attributes in the entire populations. In the races characterized by excessive male hormones we can observe a tendency towards violence, vanity, arrogance, pride and power in both sexes, whereas the races with excessive female hormones tend to show selfishness and authoritarian dependence on political and ideological authorities, which can also be observed in both sexes. The races with a reduced level of hormonal activity are emotionally cold, strict, formal and hypocritical, which are the traits of some people in later stages of life, and the races with excessive male and female 97 hormones seek intense sensual pleasures, typical of the period of puberty. The graph (on the right) shows the different crime rate based on racial origin. Yellow race has the lowest crime rate, which is in accordance with the anthropological findings that Yellow race has a lower level of male hormones and therefore more developed female attributes than all the other races: "The Yellow race - in general - is more eurosomatic and “feminine” than the Black race.” (Božo Škerlj, General anthropology, pg 89) "In the U.S., Blacks are less than 13% of the population but have 50% of all arrests for assault and murder and 67% of all arrests for robbery. Fifty percent of all crime victims also report their assailants are Black, so the arrest statistics cannot be due to police bias. Blacks make up a large share of those arrested for white-collar crimes. About 33% of persons arrested for fraud, forgery, counterfeiting, and receiving stolen property, and about 25% of those arrested for embezzlement are Black. Blacks are under-represented only in offenses, such as tax fraud and securities violations, that are committed by individuals in high status occupations. On the other hand, Orientals are 98 under-represented in U.S. crime statistics. This has led some to argue that the Asian “ghetto” has protected members from harmful outside influences. For Blacks, however, the ghetto is said to foster crime, so purely cultural explanations are not enough. Female homicides tell the same story. In one study of female arrests, 75% were Black women. Only 13% were White women. No Asian women were arrested. The cultural explanation for the crime rate of Black men does not apply to Black women, who are not expected to engage in criminal behavior to the same extent. There is no “gangster” image among Black females. The same pattern is found in other countries. In London, England, Blacks make up 13% of the population, but account for 50% of the crime rate. A 1996 government commission in Ontario, Canada, reported that Blacks were five times more likely go to jail than Whites, and 10 times more likely than Orientals. In Brazil, there are 1.5 million Orientals, mostly Japanese whose ancestors went there as laborers in the 19th century, and who are the least represented in crime." (J. Philippe Rushton, Race, Evolution and Behavior, pg 31) When analyzing criminal tendencies one should consider the enlightenment factor, which, based on the awaken awareness of one’s personal responsibility, elevates the one beyond their natural tendencies and negative influence of external factors. The nations of Northern Europe have shown a high level of criminal activity before the Age of Enlightenment, and subsequent renunciation of the enlightenment idea caused their decadence and re-escalation of crime. RACIAL DISTINCTIONS BASED ON LANGUAGE BARRIERS 99 Within the Black, Yellow and White races there are also various sub-races, whose creation is the result of their adaptation to adequate talents of different occupations that corresponded to their specific circumstances. Their anthropological entity was preserved throughout a longer period under the influence of language barriers. There are several dozens of language groups in the world. Each language group has a vocabulary of unique common word roots and unique grammatical principles that make it different from the other language groups. Such differences between language groups reveal that their carriers lived in isolation from one another for a longer period; otherwise, the singularities of language groups would not be so obvious. The period of such linguistic isolation indicates to the period of genetic isolation of those populations, which were the carriers of language groups. Between the geographical spread of different language groups and the spread of anthropological populations, we can see the correlation that reveals to us that long ago each language group used to have a corresponding anthropological population. For instance, the spread of Indo-European language group concurs with the spread of antigen HLA-A1 characteristic of the Nordic anthropological type, which indicates that the original carriers of Indo-European language group were the Nordids. In the same fashion, it can be established that Baltids are the corresponding carriers of the Uralic language group. Mongols correspond to the carriers of Altaic language group. The Semites (Armenoids and Orientalids) are the carriers of Afro-Asian group; 100 the Sinids are the carriers of Sinotibetan group in Central and East Asia, the Nilots are the carriers of Nilosaharic group in Africa, etc. Based on different extent of mutual structural proximity of genetic markers which characterize different anthropological populations, we can categorize the populations according to the genetic proximity. For instance, the genetic analysis of Nordic antigen HLA-A1 reveals its quite small structural difference from the genetic markers characteristic of the Yellow race. The Nordic HLA-A1 is very close to HLA-A3 (Alpids and Baltids), A11 (Paleomongols), A30 (population with some elements of the Yellow race, which is dominant with Bantu, Bushmen and Hottentots in Africa, and also with Basques to some extent). The very same genetic method reveals that the Dinarians (HLA-A2) by origin are close to all the Mediterranians (A2, A19), ancient Cro-Magnons (A28), Black Nilots in Africa (A28) and the Sinids (A19) in NorthEast China and Korea. The Semites (including original Jews and Arabs) reveal a genetic proximity with the related populations from India (Dravidian people) and certain populations in the Far East (an element of Eskimos, Canadian Indians and Japanese). The Semites were mixed with almost all African populations, especially on the male side. Genetically close populations are also close in terms of their temptations of character. While different branches of the Semites are prone to sensuality, the populations close to the 101 Dinarians are prone to vanity (pride, arrogance, haughtiness, desire for power), and the populations close to the Mongols demonstrate selfishness and exploitation. Nowadays, out of ideological reasons, many follow the dogma that mental differences between races do not exist. However, an interesting observation of Dr Richard Lynn, the psychologist whose work "Race Differences In Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis" (2006) reads that "The position of environmentalists that over the course of some 100,000 years peoples separated by geographical barriers in different parts of the world evolved into ten different races with pronounced genetic differences in morphology, blood groups, and the incidence of genetic diseases, and yet have identical genotypes for intelligence, is so improbable that those who advance it must either be totally ignorant of the basic principles of evolutionary biology or else have a political agenda to deny the importance of race. Or both.". Those who criticize the existence of differences between races often remark that there are no pure races. If we analyze two dog populations, one of them having fun in an American park, the other one in European, we will actually notice that the differences between certain dogs within each population are greater than it would be if we compared the averages of the dog populations themselves. But, to say that there is no difference between a Cocker Spaniel and a Pit Bull due to this fact is entirely frivolous. Hence we meet individuals in one and the same population who are not identical, but possess quite different psychophysical characteristics (which were recognized and christened by astrologers as different astrological signs). Their height, color of hair, eyes, type and amount of intelligence, temperament and psychological type differ in a relatively wide range. Thus, even though the representatives of different human races are more mixed nowadays than different dog races, it is no obstacle for recognition of their characteristics (which clearly reveals the anthropological-astrological experience), and the reason for this lies in a simple fact that the genes are inherited in entire blocks (parts, that is, pieces of chromosomes). Mosaic blocks 102 which determine the essential elements of human motivation and physical appearance can hardly be broken into smaller pieces and lose their phenotypic identification, that is, it would take thousands of years of different human races living together for that to happen. As long as we keep identifying individual physical differences in people, we will also identify the mental differences between them. Many astrologers are able to presume a Zodiac sign or ascendant of an individual based on their physical appearance, which is actually the recognition of the anthropological origin of the individual. In fact, astrologers noticed that there is a connection between appearance and psychological type, which they, out of superstition, do not link to one’s anthropological origin, but to the astrological factor. For example, astrologers claim that early hair loss (baldness) is typical of Leo, Aries and Sagittarius, which have intense male attributes (astrologers also claim that these are fiery signs, energetic and choleric). Is there any correlation between man’s masculinity and early hair loss known to science? It was established that a high level of male sex hormone testosterone causes early hair loss. Therefore, the cause of significant male psychological attributes of the aforementioned signs and their early hair loss is the same, which is the excessiveness of the male hormone testosterone. In addition, astrologers claim that people born under the sign of Leo have lion-like appearance, strong bones and are quite tall; these are actually attributes that have occurred due to increased secretion of growth hormones (a result of anterior pituitary): “Their height can reach over 6’5’’ (2 meters). This happens because the pituitary gland extensively secretes the growth hormone at the time when the growth of the bones is not yet completed. Nevertheless, if the pituitary gland continues the production of the hormone when the bone growth is entirely completed, we have people with long legs and arms (acromegaly), or we can see that this growth has led to a particular development of facial bones. Then we have the people with lion-like appearance” (Davor Rogić, On sexes, births and newborns, pg 31). Astrologers therefore have the experience that could greatly contribute to 103 anthropology, because they have observed and recorded a distinct correlation between man's mental and physical attributes and therefore collected voluminous evidence that the origin of different psychological types is not in the astrological factor, but inheritance. Astrologers automatically attempt to correlate all the existing physical characteristics (for example, eye color, various hereditary illnesses…) with certain mental characteristics which, according to them, have a common astrological cause. However, only certain physical attributes are correlated with some mental attributes – namely, those which originate from the same gene (mostly related to hormonal function) or from different genes, but which are inherited in a common piece of chromosome and so remain together despite the genetic mix with the people of different origin. This proves that behind the types there is no astrological factor, but logic and principles of genetic inheritance. Why is it then that they rather research positions of the stars in the sky than their own ancestors and anthropology? If they aim at human psychology, why do not they deal with it instead of astrology? The answer to this question is at the same time the answer to the question of why humanity has a need for superstition. It is because the superstitious way of thinking liberates one from their responsibility. If my destiny depends on the position of celestial bodies, then there is nothing I can do about it, because I cannot change their position. I can only get informed about my destiny, not change it, for what can I do against "greater force"?! Even if I did think I have free will, believing in the astrological factor would be my subconscious temptation to avoid confrontation with the responsibility for my own actions, for I would deal with stars instead of my spirit. Nonetheless, if I were aware that the source of the problem lied in me and in my nature, I would naturally be focused on myself instead of the stars. Confronted with my own sinfulness, I would bear the responsibility to work on myself and overcome the roots of the sinful tendencies of my nature. 104 However, some astrologers might attempt to prove that the astrological factor affects our inheritance and makes us sinful, some of us in one way, some in the other. But, is the moment of our birth, as astrologers claim our destiny depends on it, what determines our inheritance? No, because hereditary traits are determined nine months prior to that, at the moment of conception, not the moment of birth. Besides, a person cannot inherit more than their parents have at their disposal and can offer them. Parents offer us four sets of genes at the moment of conception. We can inherit one out of two genes from each parent for each trait. Regardless of the Zodiac sign under which we are born, we cannot have anything more than what our parents give to us. If none of the parents has a dark hair gene, but two light colored hair genes, we cannot have dark hair, no matter what sign or ascendant we are born under. Let us look at how this principle works with different dog breeds. We know there are different dog breeds, which differ in their character and appearance. A specific mark on the fur of a dog race certainly is not a source of an attribute of the breed, but is inherited along with its character attributes, so we know by this mark that the dog has a certain character and, by experience with the dogs with the same mark, we form what some would call a stereotype about the dog race. For instance, we form stereotypes that Cocker Spaniels are good to children, and that a Pit Bull is a very difficult and aggressive dog. The same applies to humans; their shortness or tallness, or some other physical attribute, cannot shape their mental attributes, but all those attributes can only be inherited together. As we have already pointed out - genes are inherited together in entire blocks, “pieces" of chromosomes, so there is a frequent correlation between certain mental and physical attributes in their inheritance and demonstration. What is the role of the astrological factor in all this? There is no astrological factor that will cause one dog breed give birth to another one. Each dog breed has unique character and physical attributes, which are dependant on inheritance, not on the position of celestial bodies at the moment of birth. We can say the 105 same about humans; children look more like their parents than their Zodiac sign. All the Mongolian children have Mongolian attributes, regardless of the time of birth. All the Black people are darkskinned, without regard to their time of birth. As we can see - there is no room for any astrological factor. It does not work from the outside as some external factor, nor from the inside does it affect the inheritance itself, for the inheritance depends on the ancestors. The logic behind this deliberation imposes the following conclusion: if the basic psychological types of astrological signs have no source in the position of celestial bodies, but in inheritance, then we will recognize a correlation between the basic anthropological types and basic psychological types of Zodiac signs. We will therefore attempt to recognize which astrological sign corresponds to which anthropological type. CORRELATION BETWEEN ZODIAC SIGNS AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES 106 SCORPIO – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPE OF THE SEMITES The Zodiac sign of Scorpio used to bear the name of Aquila (Eagle). Namely, whereas earlier astrologers discerned an eagle’s beak in Aquila constellation, the modern ones now discern a scorpion. Eagle’s beak resembles the profile of a typical Arab, and a scorpion with its sting implies his vengeful character. This leads us to the hypothesis that the Scorpio type corresponds to the Semites: Arabs, Jews and various Semitized peoples of the Mediterranean and the Middle East (Greeks, Turks, Armenians, Egyptians etc.), and perhaps to the Elamo-Dravidians in the Indian area, which are genetically related to them. The Semites can be recognized by their “eaglelike" nose and big nostrils, fat fleshy lips, tanned skin, intense hairness, pronounced eyebrows, curly hair, prominent black eyes, rounded (almond-shaped) nail roots and a specific guttural (throaty) speech (remember the Arabic throaty voices which we find very difficult to pronounce). The Semites have accentuated and prolonged attributes of puberty: high liveliness and enthusiasm, intense need for indulgence in food and sexuality, pimples and strong body scent. Women's menstrual cycle starts very early. 107 Anthropologists refer to the variety of the Semites which spreads over the area of North Africa and Saudi Arabia as the Orientalids, whereas the variety in the area of the Middle East is called the Armenoids. The differences are a consequence of mixing between the Semites and Mediterranids (the Orientalids), and between the Dinarians and Alpids (the Armenoids). “The Armenoids mostly live in the areas under the Muslim influence. The Orientalids are connected with the emergence of Jews. The Armenoids (the Armenian race) are of middle or low height, dark complexion, medium narrow face, strong eagle-like nose which is fleshy and wider at the bottom. The Orientalids are similar to the Mediterranids. Their skin is somewhat darker. They have curly hair." (Dr. Branimir Maleš, On Human Races, pg 35) “The Orientalids are common in Persia (Iran), almost all of Arabia and North (Mediterranean) 108 Africa (the Beduins and a large part of the Berbers, for instance). Their nose is narrow, quite often eagle-like; their hair and eyes are black, their head is elongated, body heights medium and slender build in general. Yet, in the cities we find fat people, especially women, which is their ideal of beauty." (Božo Škerlj, General Anthropology, pg 68) “The Armenoids. Medium height, strong people, with predisposition for putting on weight. Brachycephalic skull, inclined from the forehead to the vertex, so that the long protuberant nose often comes in line with frontal or cranial ascending line. The nose is even bigger and longer than that of a Dinarian, curved, as if it “hangs from the face”. The face is wider than the Dinarian. Cheekbones are placed lower, towards the nose base, the chin and the jawbone are retroflexed and not pronounced, so when viewed their profile resembles bird physiognomy. The lips are fat and fleshy. The skin is tawny, hair and eye pigmentation is dark.” (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 175) Astrologers describe the sign of Scorpio using attributes that correspond to the Semites: "The nose is the most prominent feature of the Scorpio; it is large, heavy, and hooked, resembling the bill of the eagle; the brows are bushy, the eyes sharp and piercing; the jaw is very heavy ; the glint of the eye, and the set of the jaw indicate the great determination which is the most prominent characteristic of the Scorpio. The face is angular, complexion murky and hair dark, with a peculiar ruddy tinge noticeable when the sun shines on it. ... The teeth are large and subject to early decay. The body is short and thickset, with a short, thick neck." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 103) Astrologer Linda Goodman says that Scorpio’s voice can be "velvety soft, husky or sharply cutting". They have "features are noticeably heavy or sharp, and clearly drawn, and the nose is quite prominent, sometimes beak-shaped. Brows are heavy and knit 109 together over the bridge of the nose. The males will have a heavy growth of hair on the arms and legs" (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 310-312). Astrologer Charles Carter describes Scorpio as follows: "Sallow, olive, or dark red complexion, and hair often black and curly. The nose is prominent and aquiline, and usually thick in the nostrils. Often very muscular." (Charles E.O. Carter, The Principles of Astrology, pg 156) Astrologer Aleksandar Imširagić wrote the following about Scorpio: "The body is short or of a medium height. The hair is rough as well as the skin, which is often full of pimples, scars and acne. Scorpio controls the sweat glands and the skin pores are very big. That is why they have a strong body scent... The lips are rich, red and clearly defined" (Wheel of Fortune, pg 384). Astrologer Mile Dupor says the following about Scorpio's appearance: "Medium height, muscular body, dark hair and skin, either eagle-like fleshy nose or the elegant nose curved upwards, shiny and piercing wolflike eyes, penetrating voice." (Do not believe it, Check it, pg 61) "Their legs are shorter than the arms, they are dark, muscular, with a well-cut face.” (Astromedicine, pg 23) In The Message of the Stars the astrologers Max Heindel and Augusta Foss Heindel say the following about Scorpio’s teeth: "The teeth are large and subject to early decay." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 105). It is interesting that this description of Scorpio matches the description of the “hypergenital" type of people, who, according to the Italian endocrinologist Niccolo Pendo, have only excessive sex hormones, not excessive hormones of thyroid or petuitary gland (which is certainly more characteristic of the psychological types of Sagittarius, Aries and Leo than Scorpio): “The hypergenital type is noticed only at the end of puberty due to excessive secretion of sex glands, which is understandable. The development of this type's sex organs comes early and intensely, but there is a setback in the growth of the body, lower extremities look short and stocky in relation to the torso. Male persons have highly developed muscles, wide back, expressive face, but the hair and teeth are weak and fall off too soon. Their sexual function is very 110 intense. Women have long and heavy periods." (Dr Aleksandar Kostić, Sexual Knowing III, pg 90-91). Astrologers state the following about Scorpio: “They are often prone to rheumatism, and they can also have problems with regenerative organs, bladder, groin and infections of their private parts. Sex glands are connected with Scorpio.” (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 101) The persons suffering from rheumatism show a high correlation with the antigen HLA-A24, typical of the Semitic population, which means that several thousand years ago one Semite had rheumatoid arthritis, which passed to his numerous descendants throughout the world up to this very day. 19.54% of ex-Yugoslav population has the Semitic antigen HLA-A24. Based on the analysis of Y chromosome, almost every other citizen of Priština (45.6%), every fifth Belgrader (20.35%) and every twentieth citizen of Zagreb is of Semitic origin on the father’s side, that is, haplogroup E, probably from the Semitized Mediterranids of Protophenician origin. Due to the nature of their gifts (trade and craftmanship), the Semites were bound to spend time with other people, so they were mixed with populations of different genetic origin. The notion of origin that is formed in our minds based solely on the analysis of the Y chromosome is not 111 realistic because it reveals the origin of population only from the father’s side, which often comes down to the last occupier or representative of authority who had given the occupied population his dominant origin by means of destruction of native male population or the right of the “first night”. Thus most African Blacks are of Semitic origin from the father’s side (HG-E), while the analysis of other genetic markers inherited by both sexes reveals a rather colorful origin of African people. The question would now be: Is there a match between the anthropological descriptions of Semites’ mental traits and the astrological description of Scorpio? Astrologers claim that Scorpio goes to the extremes: "The sign is extremely thorough-going, and few flabby characters are born under it. There is usually courage, and also energy and capacity for toil in the pursuit of any aim which claims the native's devotion. As a result many heroes have been born under the sign, as well as many notable villains. They do nothing by halves, and, having once selected their course in life, pursue it relentlessly. In primitives there may be reckless self-indulgence and in evolved ones intense devotion." (Charles E.O. Carter, The Principles of Astrology, pg 75-76) "He can be a saint or a sinner. He can experiment with the darkest mysteries this side of Hades, or he can scathingly revile sin and decadence... Pluto people can have either a Sunday School teacher horror of sin, an attitude which produces intensely dedicated evangelistic religious leaders ... or they can be driven by curiosity to penetrate every dark corner of the human mystery. Sometimes, both attitudes are combined, resulting in the hypocrisy or self-delusion..." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 316, 322) The Semites, which are also referred to as the Armenoid race by anthropologists, are described as follows: 112 “The Armenoids – these people are torn and there is a streak of unsettled body and soul in them. People from Near East feel their body and soul as two opposing sides of his being... Their being therefore inclines to one extreme at one point, and goes to the other extreme at another: extreme asceticism or inveterate, cynical materialism.” (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 187-188) If we had the chance to meet the people from the Mediterranean and the Middle East area, where the Semites are most common, we could notice that their sensual sensations are of special importance to them: they speak loudly, make physical contact during conversation, indulge in spicy food, which can also be very sweet (tulumba and baklava are their specialties). Sexuality is very important to them (preferably harems), as well as etheric oils and massage. The music they listen to has the Oriental scale (“Turkish” music). They are extremely close to all the people. Instead of drinking alcohol, which represents an emotional pleasure and is typical of the peoples of Nordic, Finno-Ugric and Mongolian origin, the Semites are well-known for indulging in tobacco which gives them sensual pleasure. The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia named the herbs typical of Scorpio: "Narcissus, ivy, tobacco, onion, pepper..." (pg. 104). Intense tendency towards sensual pleasures categorizes the Semites as Scorpios, and Linda Goodman says the following about them: "The true nature of the sign is sensual. Normally, Scorpio will surround himself with luxury. He'll lean toward excesses in food, drugs, drink, and yes-in love." (pg. 321) Astrologer Mile Dupor describes Scorpio as a number one sign in relation to other signs in terms of the attributes of eroticism, passion and attractiveness. In The Secret of Sexual Astrology by Johanna Weinbaum, The Secret of Sexual Astrology, we read: "Man Scorpio is prone to perversity." (pg 42) Charles E.O. Carter says that Scorpio’s way of speaking is "deep and resonant" (Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 18), which actually indicates the high level of male hormones. 113 The Semites are endowed with gifts for enterprise, organizing, craftsmanship and trade (power of marketing and persuasion). Their outstanding and versatile gifts are most obvious with the Jews, who, even though thin in terms of percentage in the overall population of humankind, have many Nobel Prize winners, scientists, doctors, writers, politicians, etc. There is an interesting observation made by astrologer Charles Carter: "I have nearly always found enthusiastic Freemasons to be Scorpionic to a more or less degree." (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 50) As they often occupy high positions in society by achieving great results in their business activities, they cause envy and antiSemitism, especially with individuals and nations who have the inferiority complex. The other branches of the Semites natural talents are more desecrated with sensuality and are therefore rendered dysfunctional. The temptation of sensual pleasure in commerce is recognized in almost all branches of the Semites by their ability to bargain, and the temptation in artisanship by their willingness to work only if they get to feel the pleasure of an immediate and instantaneous profit. This trait is perhaps most easily recognized in Gypsies, who to a great extent originated from the Elamo-Dravidians, who are considered to be closely related (common HLA-A24) with the Semites of the Arabo-Jewish origin in terms of genetics (although Gypsies are quite mixed with the anthropological types which correspond to the psychological type of Pisces). Namely, according to the biblical genealogy of the nations, Jews and Arabs origin from Noah’s son Shem and were therefore named Semites. However, while Jews and Arabs came from Shem’s son Arphaxad, the other “Proto-Semitic” peoples came from the rest of Shem’s son (five of them). According to the Holy Bible, one of Shem’s sons, whose name was Elam, is the father of the ancient Elamites. The fall of the ancient Elamic empire, whose capital Susa was located in the area of today’s Iran, was foretold in the Holy Bible in the following manner: 114 “Thus saith the Lord of hosts: Behold I will break the bow of Elam, and their chief strength. And I will bring upon Elam the four winds from the four quarters of heaven: and I will scatter them into all these winds: and there shall be no nation, to which the fugitives of Elam shall not come.” (Jeremiah 49:35-36) The analysis of the now dead Elamic language shows its closeness with the language of modern Dravidians in India, so both languages are considered part of Elamo-Dravidian language group. The archeological findings revealed to us the names of the ancient Elamic emperors: Peli, Tata, Ukku-Takhesh, Khishur, ShushunTarana, Napil-Khush, Kikku-Sive-Temti, Lukh-Ishshan, Khelu, Khita, Kutik-Inshushinnak, Attakhushu, Sirukdukh, ShimutWartash, Siwe-Palar-Khuppak, Kuduzulush, Kutir-Nahhunte, LilaIr-Tash, Temti-Agun, Kutir-Shilkhakha, Khuman-Numena, UntashNaprisha, Shutruk-Nahhunte, etc. Although Gypsies today speak languages which belong to the Indo-European language group, their pronunciation, accentuation and intonation corresponds to their mostly Semitic genetic origin, which transform Indo-European words towards the direction of their former Elamo-Dravidian language. Gypsies of today reveal anthropological and characterological proximity to the other branches of the Semites throughout the world, not only in terms of tendencies towards artisanship, trade and bargaining, but also in terms of extensive need for sensual pleasure. Many cannot wait until the end of the month to receive their salaries, so they perform only those jobs where 115 they can experience the pleasure of an immediate profit (cleaning the windshields, beggary, etc.). They disregard all those life responsibilities where they do not get the feeling that they will “cash in” something (long-term education, seeing the doctor, taking care of personal hygiene, etc.). They are also reckless in spending the earned money; no matter how large the sum is, on sensual pleasures, even though they will spend a long time after that suffering in poverty. Astrologers describe Scorpio’s materialism in the following words: "In the budget department, Scorpio women are completely unpredictable. She can scrimp and save and pinch a penny until it bends double, then have a sudden spell of being magnificently extravagant. One thing is sure. She'll enjoy money, whether she saves it in an old shoe or spends it on luxury." (Sun Signs, pg 333) “They adore second hand items, they love them more the new ones, and use them as they are, or remodel them as they please.” (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 104) Astrologers also dealt with the attitude of a Scorpio father towards his children: "If they borrow money from him, he's liable to charge them interest on it, but it's for their own good." (Sun Signs, pg 324) Astrologers also say that Scorpios are extremely jealous: "You can drive Scorpio mad with jealousy - but you do so at your own risk. Scorpio never forgets kindness, never forgives offences, and then revenge becomes their only aim." (Johanna Weinbaum, The Secret of Sexual Astrology, pg 42) Anthropologists recognize jealousy as a characteristic of the Semitic population: “Oriental and Mediterranean male jealousy is too well known phenomenon.” (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 337) 116 In 1792, German researcher and cartographer Carsten Niebuhr described the character of Arabs in his work "Travel through Arabia and other Countries in the East", chapter "Of the Vengeance of the Arabs" as follows: "A lively, animated people, of quick and violent passions, are naturally led to carry the desire of vengeance for injuries to its highest excess." (pg 197) Speaking about a blood feud among the Arabs, he noticed: "The Arabs rather revenge themselves, as law allows, upon the family of the murderer, and feels an opportunity of slaying its head, or most considerable person, whom they regard as being properly the person guilty of the crime, as it must have been committed through his negligence in watching over the conduct of those under his inspection. ... Men, indeed, act every where in direct contradiction to the principles of religion; and this species of revenge is not merely impious, but even absurd and inhuman." (Carsten Niebuhr, pg 201202) "Notwithstanding this aptitude to indolence, however, the Arabs are possessed of quick and violent passions, which often induce them to carry the desire of vengeance tor injuries to its highest excess. Some tribes in particular are so extremely irritable and jealous of their honour, that if one" chief says to another with a serious air, "thy bonnet is dirty," or, "the wrong side of thy turban is out," nothing but blood can wash away the reproach, and not only the offender, but all the males of his family must expect to be sacrificed on such an account." (The wonders of nature and art By Thomas Smith, William Marshall Craig, John Pye, pg 150-151) 117 As we can observe, Scorpio’s vengeful character is the most expressive with the Semites of Arabic origin. Unlike Jews, who according to the Bible descended from Abraham’s second son Isaac, Arabs descended from Ishmael, the first son of Abraham, whose character was foretold to be the temptation of the entire Arabic world: "And he will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren." (Genesis 16:12) Let us note how Scorpio’s vengeful character incredibly suits the Arabic character, especially their religious fanatics, who are prepared to sacrifice their lives for fulfillment of their religious goals: "The deadly nocturnal scorpion will first sting, then plan destruction, then sting again. He's not content with merely evening the score. He must totally destroy the enemy, or at least top him. The typical scorpion stinger will lie awake nights figuring how to get even." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg. 315) "In the hour of danger they never flinch, but perform deeds of heroism with a disregard for self that amounts to foolhardiness." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 63) “With the intent to make the world a better place Scorpios can sometimes be real fanatics obsessed with a wrong way to do it. They then show defiance and destructiveness which make the world around them devastated." (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, pg 101) “The lower type Scorpions listen to their instincts, do harm to themselves, are jealous, vengeful, egotistic, act behind others' backs, like pleasures. It is impossible to make them give up their ideas, they take it on somebody else to the point of sadism, socialize with inferior people in order to stand out 118 ... commit suicide when left without a choice." (Maja Lončarić, Astrology – The Stars Talk, pg 43) The well-known Arabic suspicion, fear, which is a frequent combination in the area of Saudi Arabia) of the enemy and conspiracy can all be recognized in the astrological description of Scorpio: "Every Scorpio's life motto is the following: nothing is as it seems." (Hana Hart, A man in the palm, pg 90) “Scorpio is also often suspicious, probably by reason of projecting its own characteristic subtlety on to those with whom it is dealing.” (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 174) In Mediterranean and Middle East countries, wherever the Semites are common, we can recognize their tendency towards religious and ideological intolerance. Astrologers claim: “Scorpio knows no limits, they exaggerate in everything...they are passionate and intolerant.” (Maja Lončarić, The Stars Talk, pg 43) Such a convincing overlap of the description of the astrological sign of Scorpio with the anthropological type of the Semites can incite us to raise the question – did the Semites acquire their attributes under the influence of the sign of Scorpio, or the traits of Scorpio are such because astrologers attributed them with psychophysical characteristics of the Semites they met among themselves, who resembled Aquila by physical appearance or Scorpio in the constellation under the same name by their character?! 119 Namely, did the Semites get the eagle-like noses under the influence of the constellation Aquila or do they have it due to their genetic origin? In the areas of the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East and India, where different branches of the Semites are quite common, different constellations keep shifting because the Earth constantly spins around its centerline and the Sun. The Semites are born throughout a year, not only under the sign of Scorpio, and yet they have the typical Semitic appearance and character throughout every year and their whole history. Therefore, it is clear that the attributes of the Zodiac signs have their source in anthropology, and the psychological reasons make it easier for people to see the source of their temptations in the position of celestial bodies than the sinfulness of their own nature. If we are not prepared to face the fact that we are sinful by nature, then we have nothing left but to shift the source of our sinfulness to some factor affecting us from the outside. Astrology helps us find the “source” in the innocent celestial bodies. LIBRA – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPE OF WEST MEDITERRANIDS Astrologers describe Libra’s appearance in the following words: “Appearance: Well built, usually handsome, proportionate body, normally pretty face with good complexion, expressive eyes, dark or hazel.“ (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 89) “Slender, elegant, oval moist face, transparent tan, well sculptured eyelids, eyes honestly open, both sides are proportionate, natural, unaffected, charming, beautiful.“ (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, Check it, pg 82) 120 "Elegance may be said to express in one word the physical peculiarities of the Libran. The body is slender and graceful in youth..." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 61) Anthropologists use the same words to describe the appearance of the Mediterranean anthropological type. The German anthropologist Egon von Eickstedt claims that: "The Mediterraneans represent, in their constitution, the most delicate and elegant, and also the most strongly pigmented of the European races. The features are more regular and harmonious than they are in the Nordics; the body, of low stature, is slender and well-proportioned, not stocky as in the Alpine race; the big and brilliant black eyes give to the face a vivacious expression." (Rassenkunde und Rassengeschichte der Menschheit) Our famous anthropologist Božo Škerlj on the Mediterranids: “The Mediterranean sub-race or Mediterranids are quite spread over Southern Europe and the Mediterranean islands. Certainly, they are closely related to the Orientalids, but are more petite; they are reputed to be one of the most beautiful “types” of humankind. They are not tall (approximately 5’5’’), but their proportions are really "regular”, torso is not too long (which is common when the height is lower), legs and arms are slender. This type includes many models of classical Greek sculptors. The color of their skin is the darkest one in Europe, the eyes are brown and the hair very dark (black), often curly or at least wavy. The nose is narrow and flat or mildly convex, the head is elongated. They are prevalent particularly in Spain and somewhat in southern France, southern half of Italy and Greece. They surround the Mediterranean sea, whereas in North Africa we can find their Oriental type. In our area, we can also find them in Middle and southern Dalmatia and the Dalmatian islands." (Božo Škerlj, General Anthropology, pg 68-69) 121 There is a striking congruence between the astrological descriptions of Libra and the anthropological descriptions of the appearance of people who belong to the Mediterranean type. We would now like to know whether there is a similarity between their psychological attributes. Astrologers recognized noticeable sociability in Libra: "Towards the surrounding – sociable. They appreciate a friend. They can put themselves in the position of the weak ones. Virtues: tact, accessibility for everyone... They like people. Cooperate easily.” (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, Check it, pg 8384) Anthropologists recognized the same attributes as the traits of the Mediterranids: "Mediterranids are hospitable and sociable." (Dr Branimir Maleš, On Human Races, Belgrade, 1936) Astrologers also noticed Libra’s need to be liked by others: "Approbativeness is a distinctly Venus-Libra characteristic. Libra "likes to be liked," and will often do much and go to great lengths in order to obtain and go to great lengths in order to obtain and keep the approval of others." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 35) "They like harmony, style, flowers, parades, gentlemanly behavior, children, art, poetry. Disarm with nice words. Keep their private things from going public, and are in pain 122 if they offend somebody. They fear criticism." (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, Check it, pg 83-84) "There is a nice anecdote in the form of a comment which greatly illustrates their psychological profile and character, then their expression of style, temperament and behavior. A man describes his love partner to a friend: "You know, I get the feeling that she (Libra) has fun or in her own way flirts with the whole world. She is trying to be liked by everything that lives on this earth, everything that walks or has two legs, and most of the time she is successful in what she does, but how she does it - that's a mystery to me." (astrologer Ana Rakić, http://www.astro-look.com/profil/vaga.shtml) The anthropologists Vladimir Dvorniković and Hans Günther describe the same need as characteristic of the Mediterranean anthropological type: "A Mediterranean wants to use his appearance, posture and gesticulation primarily to personally express themselves, show themselves and be liked." (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 187) "Takes great joy in the spoken word and in pleasing and lively movements; and is inclined to find suppleness and craft particularly worthy of interest and praise. ... The Mediterranean man is eloquent, often a skilled orator, not seldom he is (at least for the Nordic observer) talkative and somewhat superficial." (Hans Günther, The Racial Elements of European History, pg 56) The need to be liked forms an exquisite ability to estimate things and phenomena by their external value. Speaking of this attribute with the Mediterranids, anthropologist Branimir Maleš points out: "They can judge things and phenomena by their true value." (Dr Branimir Maleš, On Human Races, pg 37) The same Mediterranean trait was recognized by astrologers as Libra's attribute: 123 “They possess a great ability of perceiving, clearly and objectively seeing people and circumstances around them. They are capable of seeing things from various perspectives and picking the optimal solution to the problem." (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 87-88) Superficiality in relation with other people, which ends only in flattering words, without willingness to practically sacrifice for them, was described by astrologers as Libra's trait: "They know how to hear out the people, they even give a smart and reasonable advice, but have no desire or patience to personally engage or immerse themselves in resolving the problem." (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 91) The anthropologist Hans Günther claims that the Mediterranids are characterized by laziness: "The Mediterranean man is not very hard-working, often he is lazy; he likes to enjoy life the more." (Hans F.K. Günther, The Racial Elements of European History, pg 56) Laziness is definitely a characteristic of a major part of exYugoslav population, where the Dinarians and Mediterranids are the most common anthropological types. The anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković wrote the following about the laziness of a Yugoslav man: "Patriarchal and epic heroic man will employ all his strengths in the moment of emergency and will commit acts which will impress the world. When cornered by calamity, a Yugoslav man will employ miraculous energy and effort. 'When the lazy becomes a squire, he will set the world on fire". But after that there is a suspicious apathetic rest; not even the simplest everyday activities can set him in motion. The fighter breathes only within great amplitude: extreme effort or extreme leisure, he can soar high or dwell in deep 124 lethargy." (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 667) The astrologer Linda Goodman describes Libra's laziness in the same fashion: "The Sun sign itself is known as Lazy Libra, and that's another inconsistency. For days, weeks or months on end, Librans can be too busy to play. They'll burn gallons of midnight oil, then rise and shine in time to hear the rooster crow. It wears you out just to watch them. Suddenly, they'll plop down into a chair, say, "I'm bushed," and give the best imitation of laziness you've ever seen (especially after all that frenzied activity). Once they've plopped, you won't catch them moving a muscle if they can help it. It will be an effort for them to pick up a spoon or raise a glass (though they will manage). If there's anyone around who's willing, they'll expect to be waited on, hand and foot. When the scales have dipped down toward lethargy, you couldn't move Libra with a steam shovel. Hell talk, read, yawn, snooze, watch TV or stare out the window, and seem barely able to make it into the bedroom." (Sun Signs, pg 261-262) This explanation of laziness can be put in other words, without sugarcoating. As they are by nature irresponsible and lazy, only necessity can set a Mediterranean to work. Work and diligence are not natural to them, but represent a type of stress\, which they often complain about as if work is something unnatural. In order to have a motive to work, Mediterraneans tend to use their vanity, eliciting a competitive spirit in themselves, which may lead them to achieve impressive business undertakings. Moved by fanatical motives, they can for a moment demonstrate incredible zeal, but when the immediate motive for work is lost, they return to their natural state. The proof that work and diligence are not a product of their natural motives lies in the fact that they are only diligent and hard-working while at work, but no so when they come home, unlike some other populations which demonstrate the same sort of diligence in all situations. Laziness is the characteristic of all those 125 types which are anthropologically (genetically and psychologically) close to the Mediterranids, with all of them possessing a huge Ego, these others being all the remaining branches of the Mediterranids, the Dinaric and Cro-Magnon anthropological types (so-called “male“ signs). People with huge Ego ask their Ego for permission whenever they ought to start an activity which is a response to the reasonable need of life, asking it whether or not they have motives to fulfill the responsibility. For instance, if they should wash the dishes after a meal, the persons belonging to this type will first ask themselves whether they feel like washing up. If their Ego does not feel like it, they will actually have difficulty doing so. It is obvious that the formation of the Libra type occurred because of recognizing psychophysical attributes of the Mediterranean population and attempting to switch the source of Libra's character from human nature to the planetary positions at the moment of a person's birth. As there is more than one Mediterranean type, we will refer to this one as the West Mediterranean anthropological type. West Mediterranids are most common in Sardinia, among the Basques, Italians, and south French, in Peloponnese, Greece, the West Balkans and among south Romanians. In our area, they are most common in Montenegro seaside, Kosovo, eastern Serbia and Banat (in the area of ZetaLovcen and Kosovo-Resava dialects). They are characterized by the genetic marker of the antigen HLA-B18. 126 The analysis of the structural proximity of the antigen HLAB18 with other antigens reveals that the West Mediterranean anthropological type is a close genetic brother of the Dinarians (Aries) and East Mediterranids (Pisces), but the analysis of its Y chromosome (HG-E) shows that, through the male line, they have origins in one branch of the Semites (Scorpio) close to the Jews and Arabs. What can we recognize in West Mediterranids (Libra), which is close to the Semites (Scorpio)? The Semites, capable merchants as they are, have a gift to persuade their customer to buy their merchandize, but, while the gift serves Semites’ exploitations, it serves the vanity of West Mediterranids. West Mediterranids brag, not for a successful sale, but in order to get others' approval. The history of the occurrence of Libra confirms the connection between West Mediterranids and the Semites: “Three thousand years ago astrologers separated Libra as an individual constellation because up to then it was an extension of Scorpio, Scorpio's claws, to be precise." (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 87) Linda Goodman also talks about Libra’s power of manipulation: 127 "Still, I must warn you that once you're caught and enmeshed in the Libran charm, it won't be easy to break away." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 268) The very definition of Libra and its meaning reveals compromise, which is a consequence of their vain fear of confronting other people. Astrologers state the following about the psychological type of Libra: "You believe in compromise, which makes you a good diplomat. You love beauty and refinement. ... Charming and companionable." (Marion D March and Joan McEvers, The Only Way to Learn Astrology, Volume I, pg 85) "Libra hates to hurt anyone's feelings; He hates to say: No!" (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 271) In their promenades we can notice their pose through "an established look“ on their faces, which often resemble the ones of puppets, expressing their vain weakness. The whole area of their geographical prevalence is characterized by a tribal way of thinking which nowadays represents a foundation for the formation of mob clans. West Mediterranids, that is, Libras, carefully weigh up the pressure of power authorities or majority expectations on one hand, and all the things they would lose if they justly stood up to them on the other, and then make a “diplomatic compromise“. They sacrifice the principles of integrity and justice for their own narrow-minded vain interests, and when they read the horoscope, they are vain to recognize themselves as good diplomats: "Not even Solomon in all his wisdom could top a typical Libran's final, balanced decision." (Linda Goodman, Ibid, pg 273) "Regardless of what they really think, they always say what people want to hear, except when they get involved in disputes where they stick to their own attitude which is not necessarily an objective one." (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 91) 128 "They find it hard to say "No", or to take a firm attitude in the face of hostility, and tend to avoid unpleasantness at all costs. Hence they compromise too much, "sit on the fence", and waver from one view to another without giving a downright reply which would commit them to one course." (Charles E.O. Carter, Principles of Astrology, pg 74-75) As West Mediterranids are most common in Italy (especially the southern area), it is understandable that the stereotypes various nations have about Italians, namely, them being arrogant, superficial, immature, prone to flirting, mafia, etc. actually reveal the character of West Mediterranids, and thus the psychological type of Libra. Naturally, in order to get a clear, objective picture about them in our minds, we need to eliminate the Semite (Scorpio) elements from these stereotypes, because they are quite mixed with West Mediterranids, especially in the south of Italy and in Sicily. In all the areas where West Mediterranids are dominant in population, their speech is colored with a pronounced melodic accentuation, with the melody and speech rhythm typical of Italians. We can find it in the suburban settlements southeast from Belgrade (the so-called "village" speech) and in the whole area of KosovoResava and Zeta-Lovcen dialects: in the area from Vrsac in Banat, through eastern and southern Serbia, Kosovo, eastern Montenegro, to the Montenegro seaside. It is normal that one uses melody in their sentences to show emotions adequate to what they are talking about. However, peoples with a melodic word accentuation reveal one and the same melody which they repeat regardless of what they are talking about. This means that the emotion behind their speech is not a consequence of an objective notion about reality in their minds, because the melody would change adequately to the current emotions matching the reality, but the typical melody is a consequence of their huge Ego. To be more precise, West Mediterranids (typical Italian) have the accentuation and intonation that reveal their desire to be liked by others and also their fear of losing the approval. In brief the message they are conveying, saturated with the desire to charm 129 others and maintain their approval at all costs, is: “Don’t touch me, I’m ‘the man’!“ This motive is so strong that West Mediterranids are characterized not only by a specific melody of speech, but the melody we recognize in their speech is a feature of their ethnic music, the music that includes various genres. The revolutionary song "Bandiera Rosa“ contains a similar motif as the pop song "Marina, Marina". When there is a multitude of West Mediterranids in one place, they will naturally strive to speak with their original accentuation., However, even when they are as individuals surrounded by a population of different origin and character, they will to some extent reveal their character through speech, particularly in two instances: when the person possesses a huge Ego, so the surrounding factor has little influence on them, or when under stress. It is interesting how astrologers noticed that the Zodiac sign of Libra speaks with the accentuation which would, according to our conclusion, correspond to West Mediterranids. Charles Carter writes about Libra’s speech that it is: "Soft, but often peevish, drawling and affected." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 168) Melodic accentuation is also characteristic of the remaining anthropological types which are genetically close to West Mediterranids, with the exception that each type has a different melody which reveals its psychological type: the Dinarians (Aries) speak in a proud, peremptory and harsh manner, Cro-Magnons (Sagittarius) speak with a disharmonic intonation, East Mediterranids (Pisces) speak with elements of depression (similar to Latin Americans, Indians and Palestinians), and Atlantic Mediterranids (Leo) speak with a specific melody that raises its tone (similar to the people of Niksic and Split and North-East Chinese). Even the Alpids (Virgo), who are anthropologically totally different 130 from the aforementioned types, speak with the (stretched) elements possessed by the East Mediterranids (Pisces). Unlike the Dinarians, Cro-Magnons and all branches of the Mediterranids, which are characterized by melodic word accentuation, the remaining populations (the Semites, Nordids, Finno-Ugric and Mongols) in their pure form are characterized by dynamic accentuation (a word is pronounced with strokes and no melody). Dynamic accentuation can be identified in the speech of the urban population of the West Balkans, which, influenced by Islamic entity, maintained a large number of Slavs, the original members of the Nordic anthropological type. For example, instead of melodic “slanina“ we will hear the dynamic (stroked) pronunciation of the word as “slan’na“. The map (on the right) represents the areas of influence of the anthropological types on the melody and rhythm of speech in these dialects where they are particularly common. Alpid’s stretched way of speaking ranges all the way from Vojvodina to Bavaria and Savoy in France. The peremptory speech of the Dinarians is common in Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, but also Georgia in the Caucasus 131 SAGITTARIUS - THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPE OF CRO-MAGNONS People who belong to different anthropological types are endowed with different gifts. While some (the Nordids and a majority of the Yellow race) are endowed with the gift to farm the land (crop farming), others (the Dinarians) are gifted in breeding animals (stock farming), the third group (the Semites) have the gift for trade and craftsmanship, while the fourth one, which we recognize among the traits of the Zodiac sign of Sagittarius, the sign which represents the hunter, is gifted for hunting. The ability to hunt successfully requires high spatial and kinesthetic intelligence, which are based on the activities of the right side of the brain, whereas abstract and logical intelligence develop based on the activities of the left side of the brain. Spatial intelligence is manifested through the ability of artistic expression through sculpture and painting, while kinesthetic intelligence manifests itself through interest in sports and dancing. A natural hyperactivity of the right side of the brain implies greater power of imagination (tendency towards religious notions), but it can also lead to neglecting the left side of the brain, and therefore lesser results on the intelligence tests which explore abilities related to speech, reading, writing and mathematical operations. A 132 successful hunter should also be physically endowed for hunting, possess strong sportsman attributes, the most important of them being the ability to run fast. Alertness and quick reactions can make them reckless and rash if they demonstrate them in other life situations inadequate to hunting. In the astrological books we read the following as Sagittarius’ traits: "Preferences: sports, horses, hunting" (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, Check it, pg 90-91). The gift for hunting probably is the root of their "A need to search constantly for distant contacts" (Michael R. Meyer, A Handbook for the Humanistic Astrologer, pg 60), as well as their "inexhaustible" tendency towards "seeking new experiences and adventures" (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 113). "He'll sing himself hoarse or dance his shoes off for the sheer exhilaration of performing... The Sagittarian love of sports and the outdoors may bring accidents through reckless over-activity." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 363) "Pedestrianism is a distinctly Sagittarian passion. George Borrow, the apostle of the "open road" school, was a typical Sagittarian; it is related that, when troubled by insomnia, he would often get up and walk thirty miles at a stretch. Where a Sagittarian is found to be averse to walking or sports it is usually found that his Saturn is prominent but in affliction. ... Travel (Love of) is a manifestation of the Jovian love of expansion in all forms. Nearly all persons with Jupiter or Sagittarius prominent have a desire to wander about and often to explore (although this usually connotes an element of Scorpio as well). ... Natives of Sagittarius have a great love of bestowing upon human beings and their actions names applicable to the animal creation, of which they are so fond, and they are often slipshod in speech. ... Sagittarius is also a sign of harmonious muscular action. ... Moon in Sagittarius is common in maps of athletes." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 140, 178-179, 165, 69) 133 So, the astrological experience reveals that there are members of the anthropological type among us who are recognized by astrologers as Sagittariuses in terms of their traits, and possess prominent hunting attributes. The question posed is - What anthropologial type is this? Paleonthological findings in Europe reveal the skeletons of Cro-Magnons who hunted and decorated their caves with drawings of various animals which in that period lived in Europe, and which were prey of their hunting abilities. In Encyclopedia Britannica we read about Cro-Magnons: "Bone remains found at Cro-Magnon occupation sites indicate that they were successful hunters of such animals as reindeer, bison, wild horse, and even mammoth." (Encyclopedia Britannica 1994-2002) Is it possible that individuals we meet today, characterized by the traits of Sagittarius, are actually descendants of the ancient Cro-Magnon type who preserved certain Cro-Magnon anthropological attributes up to this day? The anthropological writings state: “Newer anthropological research primarily shows that CroMagnons were not entirely lost and extinguished, they rather mingled and merged with incursions of various human populations which came to Europe. So today we find quite a number of individuals who possess distinctive traits of the Cro-Magnon race in the mountain areas of the central Balkans.” (Srboljub Živanović, Illnesses of Ancient People, pg 144) Is there a congruence between the astrological description of Sagittarius' appearance and the anthropological description of CroMagnons' appearance? 134 Astrologers say that Sagittariuses are extremely tall: "Sagittarius is, on the average, the tallest sign, and Leo and Capricorn also often produce height..." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 170) Anthropologists say that a Cro-Magnon man was tall: "There is no doubt that various, typically short barbaric tribes viewed them as giants, for they were at least a head taller than them." (Srboljub Živanović, Illnesses of Ancient People, pg 144) “The Cro-Magnon race, tall, broad-faced, with quadrangular eye sockets, got the name by this site (Cro-Magnon in France).“ (Encyclopedia of Lexicographic Institute, pg 664) "Traits of the Cro-Magnon type: height (179-194 cm), strong constitution, big hands, dolichocephalic skull, short and broad face, long and narrow nose, high forehead. R.R. Schmidt: L'aurore de l'espirit humain. Payot, Paris, 1936." (Marija Đurić-Srejić, Introduction to Physical Anthropology of Ancient People, pg 296) We can also find the anthropological description of the strong constitution of Cro-Magnon body, their big hands, dolichocephalic (elongated) skull and long nose in the astrological writings as a description of Sagittarius (or description of persons born under Jupiter, the planet corresponding to Sagittarius): "Jupiterians are...massive with strong constitution. The hands are extremely big and very fleshy. Typical head of Sagittarius is long and narrow. The nose is long and straight." (Aleksandar Imširagić, Wheel of Fortune, pg 387390) Let us note that Cro-Magnons have a massive jaw with pronounced chin and angular face: “They are somewhat similar to the Nordids and Atlantids, but with much more robust stature and elongated head. Their skin is darker, eye sockets are low and wide, and the whole cheek is generally wider and more angular, especially at the 135 lower part of the face." (Božo Škerlj, General Antropology, pg 72-73) "Cro-Magnons were tall, with elongated skull and no supraorbital ridges, with broad and low face, massive lower jaw and highly pronounced chin." (Božina M. Ivanović, Prehistorical Population of Montenegro and Their Anthropological Traits, Gazette of the Anthropologial Society of Yugoslavia, issue 33, Belgrade, 1997, pg 38) We find the same anthropological attributes in the astrological description of Sagittarius' appearance: “Some types have rectangular build, square from shoulders to hips, with medium long legs. Back, chest, shoulders and upper part of their arms are broad and fat, and are dominant over hips and legs. The face is in the shape of a rectangle, that is, a stretched circle. Full cheeks and jaw are dominant over the bone structure (which, although always considerable, is not the main facial attribute). A Jupiterian has a big, wellshaped chin – perhaps biggest of all types. The jaw is strong and fleshy“ (Aleksandar Imširagić, Wheel of Fortune, pg 387-390). The anthropological sources reveal that a Cro-Magnon had a voluminous skull in the shape of a dome: "It is estimated that Cro-Magnon man lived 30,000 years ago. He has a dome-shaped cranium and a broad forehead. His cranium of 1,600 cc is above the average for contemporary man." (Hârun Yahya, The Evolution Deceit, pg 105) 136 The astrological sources use the same words to describe the size and shape of Sagittarius’ head: "Here is an extremely big and dome-shaped head with rectangular contours. The top of the head is full and rounded - never flat or square" (Aleksandar Imširagić, Wheel of Fortune, pg 387-390). In order to compare psychological similarities between the Cro-Magnon type and Sagittarius in horoscope, we need to find an area where Cro-Magnons are most common and dominant and compare their character with the character of Sagittarius in horoscope. We read the following about the prevalence of the CroMagnon type in today’s Europe: “Remains and parts of this sub-race are found in Sweden (Dalarna), Germany (Westfalia), throughout Europe, and also in Spain and definitely in the Canary Islands. A part of our Dalmatians, especially in islands, belongs to this subrace, whose members were found among Old Slavs, that is, in large numbers in our cemeteries (Bled, etc.).“ (Božo Škerlj, General Anthropology, pg 72-73) "Particularly noteworthy are the Dal people from Dalecarlia (now Dalarna, Swed.) and the Guanches of the Canary Islands, the latter of which is said to represent a relatively pure Cro-Magnon stock." (Encyclopedia Britannica 19942002) If today's Cro-Magnons are really common in the Swedish province of Dalarna (or Dalecarlia) more than other Swedish areas, we can expect the residents of Dalarna 137 to be well-known for those characteristics corresponding to the psychological attributes of Sagittarius. In "Norwegian Life" by Ethlyn T. Clough we find a very interesting observation: "To see the old Swedish customs that have almost entirely disappeared from the country, one must go to the hill districts of Dalecarlia, where the people are so unlike the rest of the Swedes in their dress, their customs and habits, and in many other respects as to almost seem another race. The Dalecarlians are great dancers, and the social gatherings at their homes during the winter are always accompanied by that form of amusement. During the summer they dance in the open air. On St. John's Day the entire population, old and young, dance around a May-pole erected at some convenient place... The dances are original and often interesting. ... All the dances require violent physical exercise, but the Swedish men and women are famous for muscular development. Some of the dances are accompanied by pretty melodies sung in unison by both sexes." (Ethlyn T. Clough, Norwegian Life, pg 102) 138 The province of Dalarna is regarded as “Mecca” of Swedish folklore, well-known for their specific bright-colored costumes, dance and music. In Wikipedia, the internet encyclopedia, we read the following about Dalarna: "Historically, Dalarna has enjoyed a rich and unique folk culture, with distinct music, paintings (often centered on Biblical themes) and handicrafts. ... A famous symbol of the province is the Dalecarlian horse, in Swedish Dalahäst, a painted and decorated wooden horse. Sulky-racing is popular in the region. ... The Vasaloppet, a cross country skiing race over 90 km, is held annually, on the first Sunday of March, between Sälen and Mora..." (Wikipedia, Dalarna) Population of Dalarna is also known for their interest in sports. In Facts about Dalarna County we read: "According to sources, Sweden's first official athletics competition was held in Dalarna, a triathlon in Falun in 1792. In 1883, the first skiing competition in the county was held in Falun. Since then, Dalarna has hosted a series of major as well as minor competitions in a number of sports. ... Athletics is the most popular movement in the county, with about 1 200 clubs in 67 special district associations, with a total of approximately 150 000 members." (Facts about Dalarna County, pg 54, 56). Beside the gift for hunting, and all the accompanying abilities given to Cro-Magnons by this gift through their inclination towards art and sports, we are interested in finding out whether CroMagnons in Dalarna possess other Sagittarius' attributes adequate to their psychological type. In answering this question we should take into consideration that today’s Swedish people to a great extent uprooted their natural weaknesses through the process of reformation and enlightenment. It means that we can much more easily recognize the psychophysical attributes of the people gifted for hunting in Dalarna 139 population, than a typical free spirit of Sagittarius, behind which there is rebellion, arrogance and a lack of discipline. However, if we look at the historical sources, we might find such elements, which are probably to a certain extent enlightened in terms of their contents. In Historical Tales (1908) by Charles Morris there is a description of the Dalarna population: "The men of Dalarna, he said, had long been noted for their courage when their land was in danger. They were renowned for this in history, and all Sweden looked upon them as the firmest defenders of its liberties. ... Dalarna being looked upon as a centre of Swedish patriotism, a number of the persecuted noblemen took refuge there." (Charles Morris, Historical Tales: Scandinavian, pg 267, 269) In Norwegian Life by Ethlyn Clough we read: "Its people represent the highest patriotism and the noblest characteristics of the Swedish race, and when any one is spoken of as a Dalecarlian, it means that he is a free and intelligent citizen of independent thought and action and lives a life of manly simplicity." (Ethlyn T. Clough, Norwegian Life, pg 103) "Sagittarius is an open, easy-going sign with a friendly and attractive manner. The natives are usually sportily inclined, fond of out-of-door games and exercises, and intense lovers of freedom." (Vivian E. Robson, Astrology and Sex, pg 41) Population of Dalarna is characterized by multiple anthropological characteristics, distinct elongation of skull, body height, prevalence of O blood group (otherwise typical of the Dinarians and many Mediterranids). Their specific nasality and melodic accentuation in speech is widely known from the Swedish Chef in The Muppet Show, who caricatured the particulars of their dialect. 140 Increased concentration of antigen HLA-A28 in Dalarna may signify that it itself is a characteristic of the Cro-Magnon type, and so provide us with a key to determining a wider prevalence of the Cro-Magnon population in the world. Since Cro-Magnons are tall, let us look at the correlation between the prevalence of antigen HLA-A28 throughout the world and the prevalence of tall populations: Although the carriers of HLA-A28 are not the only populations characterized by height, we can see a strong correlation between HLA-A28 and accentuated height in the world, especially in 141 Dalarna, Sweden, then in the area of Nilo-Saharan language group in Africa, West Iran, and Patagonia in South America. Great prevalence of Cro-Magnon antigen HLA-A28 in Africa, in the area of Nilo-Saharan language group, can represent an argument for an old hypothesis of the African origin of the CroMagnon type, or, in any case, a confirmation of their close mutual genetic origin: "According to some anthropologists, a Cro-Magnon man came to Europe from North Africa, where he remained a racial type even in the later ages" R.R. Schmidt: L'aurore de l'espirit humain. Payot, Paris, 1936 (Marija Đurić-Srejić, Introduction to Physical Anthropology of Ancient People, pg 296). "Although the Cro-Magnon is considered to be a European race, the structure and volume of Cro-Magnon's cranium look very much like those of some races living in Africa and the tropics today. Relying on this similarity, it is estimated that Cro-Magnon was an archaic African race." (Hârun Yahya, The Evolution Deceit, pg 105) If the original carriers of HLA-A28 were really adapted to life in the African climate, we cannot but wonder whether they 142 perhaps genetically became free of a need for clothes, which could be an obstacle in their adaptation to the very hot African climate. Astrological description provides us with knowledge of Sagittarius’ traits which reveal their adaptation to the tropical and subtropical African climate: "Jupiterians like wide and loose clothes" (Aleksandar Imširagić, Wheel of Fortune, pg 390). "Sagittarius = nudism, sports, nature" (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, Check it, pg 197). Is it truly possible that inclination to nudism is a perverse consequence of one’s adaptation to a very hot climate? We can verify that if we recognize such a tendency with an HLA-A28 population in the circumstances where climate requires wearing of clothes. Eskimos, which are members of the Yellow race, are also mixed with HLA-A28 population, which probably provided them with the gift for hunting and amazingly high ability of spatial orientation for which Eskimos are so well-known for. It is known that Eskimos spend time in their igloos (snow-houses) naked, and that they are not embarrassed to be naked before members of the opposite sex. Anthropological writings also provide information on Patagonians in the extreme south of South America, who are also characterized by a high distribution of antigen HLA-A28: "Their habitations are islands whipped by terrible storms, rain and snow. They hunt and fish. They move almost naked, which proves that they are extremely well-built, as Charles Darwin wrote in The Voyage of the Beagle." (Božo Škerlj, Man, pg 279) Astrological writings state: "Jupiterians are extremely warm-blooded and will astound others by wearing short-sleeved T-shirts in sharp winter. They are good in producing their own heat and sweat easily. They wear sandals and loose clothes, which is probably due 143 to their excessive sweating." (Aleksandar Imširagić, Wheel of Fortune, pg 387, 390) In anthropological books we read: "Since the sweat glands are so important for thermoregulation, African Black people have much more of them as opposed to White people; the Yellow race has the least of them.“ (Božo Škerlj, Man, pg 79) Of course, we should bear in mind that HLA-A28 population were mixed with populations of different origin. If every tenth inhabitant of an area bears the Cro-Magnon antigen HLA-A28 inherited from one parent, then in all probability every hundredth inhabitant of the area has the same antigen inherited from both parents. This means that in most cases the carrier of the CroMagnon antigen (or any other less common antigen) inherited different origin from the other parent. This practically means that people with pure Cro-Magnon (or Sagittarius) traits are very rare in Europe. It is probable that the Dinarians (Arieses) are often recognized in Sagittarius’ traits, for they are psychologically very close to them. When a Cro-Magnon is mixed with a member of different anthropological type in terms of character (with lower level of male sex hormones), the psychological type of Aquarius is adequate to them in the horoscope. Cro-Magnons in Europe were mixed with the Nordic anthropological type, and therefore often have light-colored eyes and blonde hair in youth, which, according to the anthropologist B. Škerlj, grows darker in the later stages, while in Africa they were semitized, so are often characterized by fat lips and curly hair. Like the majority of other African populations, they got the Semitic haplogroup E through the male side. Despite mixing with other populations of different origin, HLA-A28 carriers throughout the world preserved other anthropological characteristics beside accentuated height: certain physical attributes of European CroMagnons, gift for hunting, proneness to nasal speech, and often the elements of disharmony in speech intonation and ethnic music, which are close to blues. Elements of disharmony express their 144 character which sees discipline, order and harmony as suffocation of their freedom, as an attack of reason on their self-willed independent Ego. African Blacks (Nilo-Saharans) and Sagittarius have multiple physical characteristics in common. The anthropological report on African Blacks states: "Their body is slender, legs have underdeveloped calf muscles, feet are flat, they can be extremely tall, some tribes over 6 feet in height on average. The head is elongated in most cases, face mostly low and broad, with strong cheekbones." (Božo Škerlj, General Anthropology, pg 61) Underdeveloped calf muscles were also described by astrologers as Sagittarius' attribute: 145 "Their legs are often beautifully shaped, although fairly slim sometimes, especially around ankles and calves." (Aleksandar Imširagić, Wheel of Fortune, pg 387-390) Also, Blacks are known for their “sway” as they walk. Astrologers recognized it in the descendants of the ancient European CroMagnons and attributed it to Sagittarius in the horoscope: "Sagittarius has a long, swinging stride." (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 49) The question being posed now is: does the psychological type of Sagittarius show character closeness to the psychological type of African Blacks? Let us pay attention to the traits of the psychological type of Sagittarius, which are to an extent definitely a consequence of transformation of their original gift for hunting: "They are sporty, soldiers of fortune, of roving proclivities, fond of games of chance, and ready to risk their all on the turn of a card, the speed of a horse, or a game of ball." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 104) "The main planet of these happy people is Jupiter, which makes them care-free, jolly, superficial. They love travel, foreign countries and exoticism in all its forms... They are irresponsible, disregard norms ... Sagittarius likes novelties, music, sports, fights for human rights, and they keep the youthful appearance and spirit for a long time. They are interested in aphrodisiacs and foreign food. They talk a lot, give boring advice, comment on all and everything, they are sometimes quarrelsome and unnecessarily confrontational. When they make noise, it is not a good idea to oppose or contradict them." (Maja Lončarić, Astrology – The Stars Talk, pg 44) “They are very curious, enjoy freedom, do not like rules and discipline and from an early age start wondering why they have to fulfill parental demands and yield to some social 146 norms...They give no heed to fashion, but choose their own style and consistently stick to it...In the early ages they face problems with their parents due to the quite reasonable limitations they set, or some other specific demands related to the code of conduct." (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 114-116) "Sagittarius = openly give themselves to love, passion, emotions, nudism, sports, nature." (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, Check it, pg 197) "Flaws: Avoidance of obligations." (Mile Dupor, Astromedicine, pg 146) "In the pictorial zodiac, Sagittarius is represented as a centaur, half horse and half man, and one class of those who come to birth under its influence are well described by the animal part thereof, for they are of a sporty nature, ready to gamble on the speed of a horse at long odds or to stake their last dollar on a game of cards. They are fond of a "good time right straight through" and their moral nature is of low grade, aptly described by the animal part of the symbol, so that they have no scruples with respect to the indulgence of their appetites, passions and desires. They are lacking in respect for both the law and ordinary morals, hence they are often found among the criminal class." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 133) "Sagittarians are normally restless. They hate to sit or stand still. The archer is physically conspicuous, if only through his obvious confidence and his disregard for conventional behavior". (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 358) 147 In the article "An Exploration of Discipline and Suspension Data" published in The Journal of Negro Education we read about the disciplinary measures and expelling of students from schools and universities: "In Shaker Heights, Ohio, discipline problems among Black students were a major factor contributing to academic disengagement (Ogbu, 2003), and in Oakland, although behaviors that included fighting, defiance of authority, profanity, and vulgarity were observed among White, Mexican Americans, Latinos, Chinese, and Filipino students, they were observed to a much greater extent among the Black student population (Ogbu, 1998)." (“An Exploration of Discipline and Suspension Data“, Journal of Negro Education, The, Fall 2004 by Nichols, Joe D). In the astrological books we read about Sagittarius’ laziness: "Sagittarius girls are acutely bored by the confinement of dusting and mopping. No sooner does she make a bed than it gets unmade." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 381). A well-known stereotype* (#Fusnota: It is interesting that contemporary American stereotypes about Blacks are significantly void of moral criticism. According to Wikipedia, two most common stereotypes which contemporary Americans (1995) have about Blacks is that they are good athletes and that they are very musical) about Blacks is that they are lazy. In Africa, laziness of the Blacks population reached a climax when the colonists withdrew from Africa. Without external pressure or strong motivation to the consequences of their work, African people do not show willingness to work. Naturally, in terms of the need for an external motivational factor to encourage their activities, Blacks are similar to those populations they are genetically close to- various Mediterranids and Dinarians. Let us note the most common stereotypes about Blacks among the students at Princeton University in the U.S. in 1933: 148 "Superstitious, lazy, happy-go-lucky, ignorant, musical, ostentatious, very religious, stupid, physically dirty, naïve, slovenly and unreliable." (Tomeka S. Berry, A Content Analysis of the Contemporary Portrayal of African Americans in Children’s Picture Books, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, April, 1999, pg 8) The tendency of Black population towards being religious was described as a trait of Sagittarius in the horoscope: "Psychologically the progressiveness of the sign shows as Hope, reaching forward into the future in mental speculations and in religion and philosophy. The belief in immortality is typically Sagittarian. ... Faith (Religious) is specially connected with Jupiter, the 9th house, and Sagittarius." (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 18, 80) Black´s religion is based on the highly developed power of imagination. It is imbued with ceremonies and rituals, which, according to astrologers, is actually a characteristic of Jupiter, as a ruler of the Sagittarius constellation: "Ceremony in the sense of religious ritualism is commonly attributed to Jupiter, but here again Scorpio is often much to the fore." (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 50) The astrologers say the following about Sagittarius’ attitude towards marriage: "It is not a sign which induces to marriage to any great extent, for both the men and the women value their freedom far too highly to take at all kindly to any sort of restraint or restriction." (Vivian Robson, Astrology and Sex, pg 41) While advising a person interested in marrying a Sagittarius, astrologer Hana Hart said the following: "He can live only with a woman who can live without him. If you ask him to swear he will love you till death do you part, he will bury your love immediately." (Hana Hart, A man in the palm, pg 109) The lack of loyalty 149 faithfulness in marriage so characteristic of Sagittarius is a temptation of Black´s marriages: "Today only [one-third] of black children have two parents in the home." "Black children are only half as likely as white children to be living in a two-parent household, and are eight times more likely than white children to live with an unwed mother. For black children under six, 'the most common arrangement -- applying to 42 percent of them -- was to live with a never-married mother.'" (Maggie Gallagher, The Abolition of Marriage, pg 117). The astrologer Linda Goodman wrote about Sagittarius' irresponsible and frivolous attitude toward life: "To the Sagittarian, life is secretly a circus, and he's the clown, rolling and tumbling through purple hoops in a skyblue suit... On his fingers he wears three turquoise rings; on his toes are bells... The archer happily blows a lustrous tin horn... He refuses to accept the seriousness of life." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 366). "They are mostly fun, have a great sense of humor and are often childish" (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 115). The anthropologist Joseph Deniker wrote the following about African Blacks: "Negro races (...) are playful, laughing, lively, and superficial as children." (Joseph Deniker, The Races of Man, pg 121) Astrologers claim that people under the sign of Sagittarius are very talkative: "Sagittarius is a very talkative sign, and they tend to push past limits regularly." (Phyllis Firak-Mitz, Astrology's Secrets to Hot Romance, pg 203) "The worst Bores are born under Sagittarius, owing to their addiction to crazes and sudden enthusiasms, often in directions that appear to others quite unworthy of such absorbing interest. The sign is also naturally verbose and 150 excitable, and as a rule rather slow at "sensing" the attitude of others. Astrology can perform few more useful functions, socially at least, than in bringing home to the natives of Sagittarius their liability to develop this painful characteristic." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 44) The same talkativeness is attributed to the African Blacks by various anthropologists. Perhaps the best known observation about the talkativeness of Blacks is the one by Charles Darwin, which he stated within the context of his claims about the undisputable differences between races: "The races differ also in constitution, in acclimatisation and in liability to certain diseases. Their mental characteristics are likewise very distinct; chiefly as it would appear in their emotional, but partly in their intellectual faculties. Every one who has had the opportunity of comparison, must have been struck with the contrast between the taciturn, even morose, aborigines of S. America and the light-hearted, talkative negroes." (Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, pg 146) The talkativeness of African Blacks and European CroMagnons, which astrologers see in people with Sagittarius' traits, is probably a consequence of a neglected rational and verbal intelligence typical of the left side of the brain, due to which their speech is often unconstrained and has the function of mental relief. Those attributes of their speech can be discerned in the following astrological commentary: "Slang (Use of) is particularly characteristic of the ordinary Sagittarian. ... Sagittarius: Rapid and often copious talkers; given to abbreviations, slang, and slipshod speech." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 165, 168) It is known that word shortening and slang are distinct traits of American Blacks. For example, the sentence: "What is happening in the neighborhood?" – in the Blacks slang is: "Haps in the hood?" 151 ARIES – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPE OF THE DINARIANS Astrologers claim the Zodiac sign of Aries to be: “Intolerant, lose their calm, impulsive, one-sided, harumscarum, give no heed to other people’s happiness, act in a "pell-mell" way, proud, vengeful, tactless, sensitive to insults, they do not economize with their power, and even if they do not achieve their goal- they brag." (Mile Dupor, Don't Believe it, Check it, pg 57) “They are often excessively self-confident, impulsive, reckless, and they do not think about the consequences of their actions. They are impatient and incapable of taking advice. In their craving for leadership they are often uncontrolled, excessive and tactless, and they use attacks and aggressiveness instead of common sense and diplomacy, which makes them look silly at the very least." (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 14) "Aries is not noted for learning from experience. The spirit is willing, but the disposition is headstrong." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 26). When we read about this attributes of Aries, we cannot but recognize in them the character elements of the people of exYugoslavia, especially in the areas of West Serbia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Dalmatia. The question that follows is: what anthropological population is this? In Characterology of Yugoslavs by the anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković we read: "In the Yugoslav ethnic area the Dinarians are the most common race... the Dinarians, in their core, occupy a long west Balkan limestone plateau, from Istra and the Alps, all the way to Epirus and Northern Greece, with weaker or 152 stronger branches toward the eastern mountainous and northern Pannonian areas of Yugoslavia. In lesser percentage they spread far beyond this area, to the South Alps, southern Germany and Austria, even northern Italy. Through the closely related Armenoids in the east part of the Balkans, Asia Minor, Armenia, Kurdistan and some parts of frontal Asia, the Dinarians are, via some mutual deeper and older layer, connected with the group of the Caucases, which is anthropologically very close to them (particularly Ossetians and Georgians).” (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg. 176) Georgian and Montenegrian Dinaric The question is: do the physical attributes of Aries correspond to the anthropological attributes of the Dinarians? The astrologer Mile Dupor describes the physical appearance of an Aries as: "Slender, sunburnt, retroflexed forehead." (Astromedicine, pg 29) "The nose is prominent and curved from the root down, lips are thin and tight, jaws are energetic." (Do not believe it, Check it, pg 56) Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković also describes the physical appearance of the Dinarians as: "Tall and slender body, tanned skin, retroflexed forehead, high rooted nose, 153 long and prominent, tight lips, with thin line of the Dinarian mouth, prominent jaws.“ (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 174-175) The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia describes Aries as follows: "Sturdy bones, strong body, long neck, expressive eyebrows" (Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 16). Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković also states: "The bones are strong with highly developed muscles, long neck, strong eyebrows, which are arched and lowered." (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 174) Astrologer Mile Dupor says that Aries has "shiny transparent eyes" (Do not believe it, Check it, pg 56), whereas the anthropologist Dvorniković says that the Dinarian look is "shiny and piercing", and corresponds to the epic "hawk’s eye" (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 197). Astrologer Linda Goodman says: "The well-marked brows often join with the narrow bridge of the nose in forming the sign of the ram ("Y"), perhaps as a warning to anyone with the silly idea of trying to stop or conquer him." (Sun Signs, pg 6) Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković claims: "Strong eyebrows and a hooked nose, outlined eyes of a free highlander... that look is threatening, making everybody keep their distance." (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 197) Astrologer Linda Goodman described Aries’ walk: "They may walk with the body slightly bent forward ..." (Sun Signs, pg 14) Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković described Dinarians’ walk as follows: "Their body is slightly bent forward..." (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 205) Astrologer Mile Dupor wrote that Aries is "sunburnt" (Astromedicine, pg 29), and anthropologist B. Škerlj says that the color of the Dinarians’ skin is “somewhat dark, as if sunburnt“ (General Anthropology, pg 70). And, while the astrologer Mile Dupor says that “fuzz“ is a characteristic of Aries (Astromedicine, pg 29), anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković says that the Dinarians' "face is covered in hair“ (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 174). 154 Georgian Dinaric women Besides the obvious congruence of the physical attributes of Aries and a Dinarian, we can notice that their psyches are also similar. Aries is one of the male astrological signs, which means that both sexes under this sign have distinct male attributes. Astrologers claim that female Aries is the most masculine, followed by female Leo and Sagittarius. Speaking about a female Aries, the astrologer Maja Lončarić said the following: "A woman has attributes similar to men’s. She is a head of a department, company manager, successful in social and political life, actress, singer, traveler. Her colors are red and black." (Astrology – Stars Talk, pg 32) Astrologer Linda Goodman describes the characteristics of female Aries as typical of men: "She can get along without a man easier than any female you'll ever meet... Anything he could do, she can do bettershe thinks... The Aries girl will open her own doors. Shell also put on her own coat, fight her own battles, pull out her own chair, hail her taxi and light her cigarette without any masculine help. Doing it herself is, to her, the fastest way to get it done. Naturally, this doesn't set too well on the vulnerable male ego. The Mars girl is determined to take the 155 lead, to be the first to move to action, and that includes the action of making the first advance in romance. Aries females are the most likely of all the Sun signs to do the proposing, especially if the man is slow about naming the date. (She is)... able to take over a man's job when the men aren't around." (Sun Signs, pg 26) Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković also presents a Dinarian woman as the one with distinct male attributes: "We can also observe in a Dinarian woman a masculine tendency of the racial type itself. A Dinarian woman does not have to be what is popularly described as “manlike” at all, and yet there is something masculine in her, just enough to enter the European textbooks of racial anthropology. An accentuated profile is not a feminine attribute, but this very signature, or in Weininger’s words, a significant “percentage of masculinity” is not at all rare with the Dinarian women... and in a Dinarian woman there is a significant percentage of the masculine element, not only physically (sharp profile, boney figure, acromegaly), but mentally as well." (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 209, 345) Astrologers recognize in Aries the same mental characteristics anthropologists recognize in the Dinarians, and they are mostly a consequence of the vulnerability of their proud psyche. Astrologer Linda Goodman wrote: "Although Aries is the firebrand, who forges his way through life with daring, initiative and enterprise, there's a strange quirk to his bravery. Hell face the abominable snowman or the Frankenstein monster without the slightest trace of fear, yet he can't stand physical pain. He's never a moral coward, but he can be a huge sissy about anything that hurts. The dentist is not one of his favorite people." (Sun Signs, pg 13) Anthropologist V. Dvorniković made the same observation about Montenegrin heroes: 156 “When I visited and questioned some doctors about the impressions they got regarding their patients, I was surprised by the statement of a doctor from Boka Kotorska, who said that he, speaking from a doctor's point of view, would have to think of this people as “utter cowards“ (those were exactly his words) - if he didn't know “from national poems and history“ that they were heroes. For they are all “furious people of Perast“ and “people of Risan, the glorious heroes“. Even when slightly injured, they moan and cry for ambulance, as the aforesaid doctor said to me. And he expected these very people to show great insensitivity and endurance.“ (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 334). The Dinarian type has distinct attributes of the male gender, in this case the tendency to deal with issues of general social justice. However, in practice, these attributes are desecrated by the absence of meekness and humility, which perverts their manly love of justice, so they see injustice on a global social level as a pursued occasion and excuse for the manifestation of their own wrath and hatred. Astrologer Mile Dupor claims that Aries is "proud, vengeful, impulsive" (Do not believe it, Check it, pg 57), while the anthropologist Dvorniković uses the same words to describe a Yugoslav’s "pride" (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 737), "the same old Dinarian vengefulness" (Ibid, pg 746), referring to them as "impulsive" (Ibid, pg 769). Pride makes people irresponsible because it takes away a condition for being responsible– an ability of objective self-critical questioning, acknowledgement of weakness and repentance. Such a mentality is a distinct characteristic of the people of the West Balkans. Astrologer Linda Goodman says the following about Aries: "These people will fight what they feel is an injustice on the spot." (Sun Signs, pg 13) Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković says the following about the character of Yugoslavs: "They have a developed sense for social ethics and justice; they are fighters for social justice." (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 739) 157 Anthropologist Hans Günter wrote about the Dinarians: "Members of this race are characterized by raw strength and openness, particular righteousness, sense of honor and love for their country, courage and strong self-awareness... the Dinarians are characterized by a tendency toward sudden outbursts of anger and combatitiveness." (Hans F.K. Günther, The Racial Elements of European History, pg 58) Anthropologist Branimir Maleš wrote about the Dinarians: "The striking appearance of a Dinarian man, his bold face, athletic and at the same time slender figure, have particular corresponding mental characteristics (Wenzmer): genuineness, absence of false politeness, courage, boldness, high level of self-awareness, combativeness and perseverance in the struggle for life, individuality, and at the same time a sense of community (fellowships), tendency to joke around and musical talent." (Branimir Maleš, On Human Races, pg 37) Speaking about the Dinarians, Jovan Cvijić concluded: "When they see injustice, ’they burst into flames’, so much so that ’it brings tears to their eyes'. Their sensitivity sometimes forces them to act recklessly. The character of the people belonging to the Dinarian type is often unrestrained, and they have a hard time putting up with even petty injustices." (Jovan Cvijić, The Balkan Peninsula & the Lands of the South Slavs, Basics of Anthropogeography, pg 19-21) The astrologer Mile Dupor claims that Aries has "intense emotions, and they are easily and suddenly excited...they easily act in the heat of passion" and that they are "driven by passion" (Do not believe it, Check it, pg 56). Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković wrote that a Yugoslav is characterized by: "Extreme excitement of passion and affects" (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 767). "Impulsive reaction of character and temperament" (Ibid, pg 740). "Short-tempered and prepared for sharp reactions and outbursts of 158 anger" (Ibid, pg 768). Astrologer Linda Goodman writes: "The ram will talk back to a traffic cop or an armed gangster with equal vigor, if either one happens to annoy him. He may regret it later, but caution won't concern him in the heat of the moment." (Sun Signs, pg 13) According to astrologer Mile Dupor "Aries seeks for challenges. They are eager heroes. They rush easily without much thinking" (Do not believe it, Check it, pg 57), and anthropologist Jovan Cvijić writes: "There are multiple cases of Dinarians going for extreme solutions, without regard to interest, benefit and "sensibility", fully aware that their life might be in danger or that it might remain blackened and ruined". Anthropologist Dvorniković described Yugoslav mentality as: "spiteful" (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 769). Pride naturally makes people sensitive, easily insulted and prone to conflicts with other people. Astrologer Linda Goodman says that Aries "Any reputation he gets for prejudice comes from his tendency to lump people into two distinct camps his friends and his enemies." (Sun Signs, pg 17). Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković describes the same dichotomy as typical of our people: "Instead of one collective We, there is still an antipolarity of We and You, We and Them. The readiness to fight and oppose, the revolutionary inflammation is a well-known trait of a Balkan highlander" (Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 711, 739). Zoran Đinđić described the phenomenon of our people as follows: “I have learned, and I can assure you, I will never be the one who will play on differences, even though I know that in this country you get the most votes if you say: “They are to blame“. In any direction. My problem is that, when I say to people: “Let’s do something about it“, they ask me: “Against whom? America? Russia? China?“ And then I say: "No, against nobody! We do not have opponents, we have partners!" And then they say to me: "We don't understand that! We would understand if you told us who is against us, so that we could see what is to be done". That is our 159 problem, we easily unite against others, but hardly unite for our own selves“. Speaking about Aries, the astrologer Mile Dupor listed the attributes which actually correspond to the Dinarian type: "Emotions: ardent, fierce, patriotic. They are hard to control. Act in the heat of passion easily. They are hard to restrain. Will: induced by affects, regularly beyond reason. They have difficulty tolerating other people’s different opinions. Temperament: choleric, eruptive, exuberant. Society: when in company, they easily utter insults. They do not get along in a team. Virtues: honest, honorable, veracious, patriotic, an enthusiastic idealist, seeks for challenges, proud, courageous, an eager hero. Flaws: uncompromising dictators, underestimate danger, intolerant, lose their calm, impulsive, one-sided, harum-scarum, give no heed to other people’s happiness, act in a "pell-mell" way, proud, vengeful, tactless, sensitive to insults, they do not economize with their power, and even if they do not achieve their goal- they brag. They prefer: honor, applause, approval (otherwise it gets tiring for them), pose, uniforms, marching, weapons..." (Mile Dupor, Don't Believe it, Check it, pg 74) “They are intolerant, cannot stand interference in their job, and are constantly aggressive. They interfere in other people’s relations. They are easily provoked.“ (Mile Dupor, Astromedicine, pg 100, 29). The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia wrote the following about Aries: "They are vital, straightforward and determined. Although intellectual, they rarely trust their restless mind, so their actions are based on intuition rather than deliberation. They are great competitors. They want to be first and the best in everything they do, strive for leadership, authority and superiority, and they will do everything they can to become famous and acknowledged. They are often too self- 160 confident, impulsive, reckless, without consideration of the consequences of their actions. Even in the mature age they cannot free themselves from either stubbornness or self-will and acquire a necessary level of caution. They are usually not capable of restraining themselves, lack tranquility and composure, they are impatient and incapable of taking advice. In their craving for leadership they are often uncontrolled, excessive and tactless, using attacks and aggressiveness instead of common sense and diplomacy, which makes them look silly at the very least. This is particularly apparent in cases when they do not possess true qualities, but want to impose themselves and surpass those who are pre-dispositioned to be leaders. Aries has difficulty accepting defeat. Failure has never been a reason for them to give up what they are up to... They are not capable of performing a job which demands long term devotion and patience, and which does not give room for personal initiative...In their willingness and impatience to achieve their best, they place interests above principles, overstate their strength, act arrogantly and insolently in relation to others, suffocating their ambitions... When they are angry, they rant and rave at anybody in their way, and there is a possibility of physical encounter as well...Aries are constantly tense, which brings them headaches...Children under this sign show no interest in studying, but the desire for money and status makes them not only work hard, but it also makes them to go back to study at a later age and acquire qualifications. They dislike bureaucracy.” (Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 15) Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković wrote about the influence of the Dinarian “blood” on the character of Yugoslavs: “Sloppiness, superficiality and a lack of work consciousness, not to mention a very rudimentary sense of duty, these are all ingredients in the ethos of Yugoslavs' work... Cultural halfeffort? A lack of what is called a working culture? 161 Definitely! But perhaps excessively self-aware Dinarian blood... As a rule, in organized, collective intellectual work a Yugoslav shows even less disciplined working spirit. There are countless examples of this; there are also cases where even a psychological test or an experiment would not show purer traits: unrestrained, primitive bias, arrogant sensitivity, bitterness, distrust, hatred, envy, as well as a lack of discipline, impartiality and fairness... Tense and alert sensitivity, striving to detach themselves by acquiring an atmosphere of respectability becomes an important characteristic of this tribal man. Heroic pride, competition and competitiveness, as well as intense bitterness they employ when in combat, whether with their neighbor or an enemy of the state is a specific hallmark of the tribal fighter. Hence their lack of discipline in midst of combat, for he feels a collective struggle to be the struggle for his own worth. Without the element of heroic pride this combat is unimaginable... Our intelligent, educated person did not learn to exercise concern of whether their personal acclaim, interest, and even their comfort might collide with the justifiable area of another person’s personal life... I saw such an example in one of our towns. An agile mayor managed to introduce electricity and electric lights. Those who are well-off rushed to introduce electricity into their homes, but one of them, the "most respectable” citizen, maintained his petroleum lamp out of spite, just because the electricity was introduced into the town by – his tough opponent. The examples are countless, and all of them follow the same pattern. Excessive personal sensitivity, pride, primitive and rough expression of envy, sick and selfish egocentricity, these are all basic traits which hinder creation of any kind of social order in that environment as well as any moral and material prosperity... Our arguments, which are at first temperamental, then heated, and finally outright hostile, and which end in all the 162 parties maintaining their point of view even more bitterly and persistently than before, are quite well-known.” (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 661-662, 708, 725, 737, 815) The Englishman Robert Leaton, who published the collection of Serbian folk poems in English in 1861, described the character of our epics in words which actually describe the Dinarian mentality: "It is sad to observe the demoralization of a nation in its poetry. It praises betrayal of a common enemy as a universal virtue, mistakes deceit for strategy, lies for courtesy, cruelty for honor, and allows a hero's character any other sin but the sin of physical cowardice." (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of Yugoslavs, pg 546) Even though in their heroism towards a common cause Dinarians show fanatic courage and extreme emotionality, when responding to the concrete life’s needsthey faces directly, they show lazy indifference and emotional numbness. Perhaps both traits were accurately described by anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković when he said that Georgians, who are mainly of a Dinarian anthropological origin, were “heroic sluggards”. Anthropologist Jovan Cvijić expressed the following observations about the Balkan Dinarians: "They are mainly very impulsive people who act immediately, often without a proper deliberation. Majority of the so-called gifted ones have given little results so far. They mainly do not elaborate their jobs (not only in practice but in their minds as well) to determine the ultimate consequences. They rarely do something completely...When they lack experience, their strong sensitivity makes them naive. They often yield to sentimental and indelicate optimism. Their utter sensitivity often becomes their weakness; their generosity makes them unjust.“ (Jovan Cvijić, The Balkan 163 Peninsula & the Lands of the South Slavs, Basics of Anthropogeography, pg 21) Distinct pride forms a huge Ego in a Dinarian person, which makes them live only for themselves and also disinterested in the real needs of other people, unless the fulfillment of these needs satisfies their own pride. Astrologers say the following about Aries: "They pay no heed to other people’s happiness." (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, Check it, pg 74) Linda Goodman says that "Aries pushes ahead with confidence, caring little for the feelings of others, and his attitude, especially in youth, is "me first," ... Most politicians wait to see what people want before airing their positions. The average Aries has his own ideas of what the people need, never mind what they want, and he'll see that they get it... The ram is conscious only of himself ... His needs come first." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 17-18, 13). Dr Zoran Đinđić described in one of his speeches an example which in a very clear way reveals disinterest of our people in the needs which go beyond the needs of their huge Ego and have wider social significance: “I came today, this morning...in front of the cable factory in Jagodina, and saw a nice clock, a beautiful clock at the entrance which did not work. I wanted to come back. I saidok! You have got problems with technology, you have got problems with raw materials, you have got problems with working capital, but what is a problem for this clock to work?! Is that a problem?! That’s exactly my point. Let us do what we can do in our power, and not make excuses likeworld conspiracy. Maybe there is a world conspiracy! But let us first see what we are doing in our own backyard, in our own town, in our own country, and when we complete our homework, then let us see whether the teacher hates us or not.” Anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković says that an average Yugoslav person is: "Hardly sympathetic" (Characterology of 164 Yugoslavs, pg 767). "They have a weakly developed sense for social life" (Ibid, pg 711), that their "social sense is rudimentary" (Ibid, pg 767), that they are "self-absorbed" (Ibid, pg 768). "Egocentric spreading and forgetting about the others is significantly reflected in our intelligent, public figures, people of title, position, etc." (Ibid, pg 726) "Our intelligent, educated person did not learn to exercise concern of whether their personal acclaim, interest, and even their comfort might collide with the justifiable area of another person’s personal life. Sometimes it might be just about the lack of awareness that having regard for others is the essence of any, and not just social, culture, while at other times you might- quite often- in the gestures of our people feel something defiant, or even cynical when ignoring all of the “foolish regards” for other people” (Ibid, pg 725) A huge proud Ego, with all its side-effects: kindness and heroism out of pride, lack of self-critique and responsibility, disregard and subjectivity, unwillingness to accept criticism and take advice, proud envy and a need to belittle all of those people whose values and success exceeds the average, vain sensitiveness and aggressiveness, incapability to suffer injustice, etc. these are all the characteristics of Dinarian populations in the whole areas of their prevalence. In order to define the areas of higher prevalence of the Dinarian population, we will use the findings from both anthropology and genetics. The Dinarians and various types of Mediterranids have a common haplogroup J (HG-J) on Y chromosome, except for the Atlantic Mediterranids, who have HG-I, which means that the Dinarians have common origins with most 165 of the Mediterranids, and, according to these facts – Protoegiptian origin. Namely, the skeletons of the ancient Egyptians are in most cases of Mediterranean origin, and to a smaller extent of Dinarized Mediterranean origin. In The People of Lerna; Analysis of a Prehistoric Aegean Population (J. Lawrence Angel, Princeton, N.J., American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1971, ppg 36-38) we read that the Dinarized Mediterranids the characteristic of the skeletons foud in lower parts of Egypt, and also to an extent of the whole Mediterranean, Middle East and the Caucasus region. Within the Dinarian-Mediterranean haplogroup J, the Dinarians possess the branch HG-J2a. We can see that the prevalence of J2a largely matches the prevalence of the Dinarian type based on the analyses of physical anthropologists. 166 The Dinarian branch HG-J2a is divided into several subtypes (J2a1, J2a2, etc.), where J2a1 is typical of our population, and also represents the most common HG-J variant among Georgians. Branch J2a1 is also divided into several branches (J2a1a, J2a1b, etc.), and J2a1b is the most common variant of the Dinarians among citizens of Belgrade. As we have stated before, the analysis of origin based solely on different mutations of Y chromosome is not comprehensive, because it follows only male origin, so we will now analyze HLA system data. Antigen HLA-B5, typical of the Dinarians, is the most common antigen among the Pashtuns (39.9%), the Kurds (29.8%), Georgians (25.5%), in Saudi Arabia (36.6%), Oman (39%), Iraq (33.9%), central Portugal (31.1%), and in the area of central and northern Italy (31.7%). Almost every third citizen (29.02%) of former Yugoslavia inherited the Dinarian antigen HLA-B5 from one parent. It means that every third person in the area could recognize in themselves the Aries' traits (if they irresponsibly succumb to their 167 weaknesses), without regard to the sign or ascendant they were born under, and as such would be tempted to believe in the astrological factor. Based on the genetic findings, we can determine which populations are most closely related to the Dinarians. Alleles of antigens HLA-B35, B78 and B53 are structurally closest to different alleles of HLA-B gene which express themselves in antigen HLAB5. HLA-B35 is typical of the Mediterranean population (ancient Pelasgians, Philistines, Etruscans, etc.). HLA-B78 is typical of Senegal (city of Dakar) in Africa (16.1%). B53 is most common in Central Africa and Kazakhstan. Antigen HLA-B53 is also antigen HLA-B, which is most common with American Blacks (23.96%). We can see that the great difference in skin color between different anthropological types (which is adaptive) does not necessarily imply great genetic distance, and hence great difference in temptations of character either. The following accusations racists directed towards Blacks can also apply to White populations which are genetically and psychologically close to Blacks, and which never experienced spiritual enlightenment and character reform: “The theory of inferiority of the people with dark skin claims that, for instance, Negroes are not capable of overcoming their primary tribal social structure. Therefore, they cannot reach higher forms of state organization, but can at best reach the height of European countries from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when absolutism governed.“ (Ljubomir Tadić, Political Science, Publishing&Graphic Institute, Belgrade, 1996, 2nd edition). 168 LEO– THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPE OF THE ATLANTIC MEDITERRANIDS According to the bestseller Astrology Through A Psychic's Eyes by Sylvia Browne, the people born under the sign of Leo are very tall. In the book Meet Astrology and Yourselves we read the following about Leo’s traits: “Appearance: taller, strong body constitution, slim while young, prone to obesity in later age, bulky bones, straight nose, dignified posture“(The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Youselves, pg 65). In the university textbook of anthropology we read that the Atlantic Mediterranids are the tallest people in Europe, and the Sinids are the tallest in Asia. Both populations show other anthropological similarities, which indicate their common origin. Atlantid and Sinide “The Atlantids are tall, long-headed people with dark hair and eyes, and are often very dark. Their stature is slender, and yet vigorous. We can find them all over the Atlantic coast and the Mediterranean...We can find the Sinids in North China and Korea; men's height ranges from 164 to 168 cm, which makes them the tallest of all the Asian 169 Yellow people, and their head is elongated. They are much more slender in stature than the other members of the Yellow race.“ (Božo Škerlj, General anthropology, pg 69, 65) “North Chinese – the Sinids – are also Yellow people, although we can rarely see in them the ultimate forms of adaptation to the Arctic area. They are taller than the Tungids and less stocky; their proportions make them more similar to the Mediterranids." (Božo Škerlj, Man, pg 318) In order to determine whether an Atlantic Mediterranean truly corresponds to the Leo type in the horoscope, we must pay attention to Leo’s immunity and long life: "Health: Leos are strong and immune." (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Youselves, pg 65) In Astromedicine by the astrologer Mile Dupor we read about Leos’ longevity: “For those who were born at the time of strong aspects of the Sun with large planets and good aspects of small bodies which provide rhythm will have a long life...Or, to make a simplification for laymen’s sake: Those who have the Sun sign and the Ascending signs of Leo and Gemini live long. This means that the two most important rhythms are strong: heart- Leo and breathing- Gemini ; the former easily recovers from anything because they are strong, the latter do it quickly, because their functions are flexible" (Mile Dupor, Astromedicine, pg 85). The research done by a group of Greek scientists (Papasteriades C, Boki K, Pappa H, Aedonopoulos S, Papasteriadis E, Economidou J, HLA phenotypes in healthy aged subjects, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece, 1997) discovered a significant correlation between life duration and antigen HLA-DR7. 170 In the average Greek population (405 healthy individuals between the age of 18 and 65), the presence of antigen HLA-DR7 amounts to 15.67%, whereas in the population of the long-lived (171 healthy individuals between the age of 75 and 104) the presence of the same antigen was doubled, 38.33%. The persons with antigen DR7 in Europe mostly have antigen HLA-B12 in their HLA-B gene, while those in China have HLA-B13. Maps of world prevalence of both antigens show that the HLA-B12 antigen corresponds to the prevalence of the Atlantic Mediterranids in Europe (mostly in the area of the ancient megalithic culture of the Western Europe), and that the HLA-B13 antigen corresponds to the prevalence of the Sinids in Asia (in the area of Sino-Tibetan language group). Are both populations characterized by desire for power and tendency towards violent behavior, which are exactly the traits of 171 the psychological type of Leo in horoscope? In order to provide a clear answer to this question, let us observe to what extent and among which nations the Atlantic Mediterranids and the Sinids are most common. The Atlantic Mediterranean antigen HLA-B12 is most common with the Basques (38.7%), then in South-West England – with the Cornish (37.3%) and the Welsh (32.0%), Scottish people (36.9% in Orkney Islands), the Irish (35.7%), Spaniards (31.1%), in the White population of Australians (28.76%), in Poland (25.3%), in the average population of Sweden (20.8%) and England (19.5%). It is also interesting that the Antigen HLA-B12 is highly represented in Easter Island (37%), which was long time ago populated by tall and pale people belonging to the culture of Rapa Nui, known for their megalithic monuments. B12 is the most common HLA-B antigen among the population of Denmark (24.1%), Ukraine (20.9%) and France (20.4%). In the area of the Middle East, HLA-B12 is most common with the Kurds (25.7%), whose certain tribes are characterized by tall stature and dolichocephalic skull. In the Far East, HLA-B12 is represented almost exclusively with Koreans (22.56%), and a small province in Japan (Aichi, 30.4%). In Africa, HLA-B12 is common with Tswana and Tutsi tribes, which provides these tribes with the anthropological characteristics which makes them resemble the members of the White race, which thus put Tutsi in privileged positions during the 172 era of European colonialists. In northern Dalmatia (Rijeka) 22.22% population has HLA-B12, and in the area of central Dalmatia (Hvar) 26.2%. In Serbia, 16.46% population has HLA-B12. Carleton Coon wrote about Dalmatia: “Dalmatia is the home, in solution, of a strong Atlanto-Mediterranean strain... which must go back in both places to a considerable antiquity." (The Races of Europe, pg 591). Antigen HLA-A reveals several branches of the Atlantic Mediterranids in Europe (HLA-A29, A31, A32), and Asia (A31, A33) who preserved antigen B12 or B13 in HLA-B gene, and antigen DR7 in HLA-DR gene. Antigens A29, 31, 32 and 33 are genetically very close. The combination A29, B12, DR7 is typical of the population of Western Europe (the Basques), and the combination A32, B12, DR7 is typical of the population of Herzegovina. Do we notice tendency towards violence, a trait of the psychological type of Leo, among Herzegovians? The greatest and the most bizarre crimes in the wars in this part of Europe were committed by the people of West Balkans (especially Herzegovina), regardless of their nationality, religion or ideology for which they took part in the wars. However, the question is: Aren’t Herzegovians the typical representatives of the Dinarian anthropological type? Anthropologist Carleton Coon, confused with the accentuated height of the Dinarian population in the central area of West Balkans (from Croatia to the 173 river of Drim in North Albania), wrote: “The origin of this Dinaric giantism is obscure” (Carleton Stevens Coon, The Races of Europe, pg 254). Based on the contemporary findings in genetics, we know that the source of the Dinarian gigantism is in their mix with the naturally tall Atlantic Mediterranean type in the area of central Dalmatia, Herzegovina, West Montenegro and West Serbia. The analysis of Y chromosome, characteristic solely of men, revealed the largest distribution of haplogroup I which corresponds to the Atlantic Mediterranids (instead of the Dinarian haplogroup J2a), in the area of the West Balkans where population is the tallest. In 2005, a research made in Bosnia and Herzegovina revealed that HG-I presence among Croats is 73.3%, 48.2% among Bosnians, and 34.6% among Serbs. Croat subjects mostly came from Herzegovina, Bosnians came from central Bosnia, and Serbs came from the Republic of Srpska, which is why the national differences in the prevalence of HG-I are so great. HG-I prevalence among Belgraders is 36.28%. If the Atlantic Mediterranids live mixed with the Dinarians in the West Balkans, then we should ask ourselves if it is impartial to claim that the most bizarre crimes are a consequence of the Atlantic Mediterranean, not only Dinarian influence. Even though both types are prone to crime, there is a difference in character. 174 Unlike the Dinarian, who killed in the Balkan wars to get revenge due to the hurt pride of their tribal or national Ego, the Atlantic Mediterraneans slaughtered their victims out of pure enthusiasm, with a smile on their face, with a desire to exhibit power and violence over another human being. Gerhard Gezeman wrote about the case when, in the war between the Montenegrin Dinarians and Turks, Turks ran out of weapons in the course of a battle, so the Montenegrins themselves provided them with weapons in order to continue the battle. They felt it would be dishonorable to beat the Turks just because they ran out of weapons. This is an example of the Dinarian pride which corresponds to the psychological type of Aries. However, the crimes which were committed by Herzegovian Ustashas in the World War II, as well as the crimes which were committed by the members of all three nations in the last Balkan war over innocent civilians, helpless victims- imprisoned women and children, definitely have a different character. They correspond to the violent character of the psychological type of Leo, who would come down with no mercy to get their victims as if they were not human beings. The desire for power and tendency towards violence were no less of a characteristic of the people of Northern Europe – until reformation and enlightenment. Let us remember the warlike Vikings and their descendants, the combative Swedes, whose genetic analysis reveals a combination of the Atlantic Mediterranean haplogroup I and Nordic haplogroup R. Referring to the Atlantic Mediterranids, anthropologist Božo Škerlj wrote: “According to Norwegian experts, ethnologists and anthropologists, the Vikings mostly corresponded to that type.“ (General Anthropology, pg 69) Scientists think that one branch of haplogroup I corresponds to the descendants of the ancient Vikings (I1a), whereas the other branch corresponds to the descendants of the ancient members of megalithic culture in Western Europe (I1b2). The third branch is common with us here in the Balkans, in the east of Europe and Northern Caucasus (I1b), and the fourth populates northern Germany, Denmark and Netherlands (I1c) and is present in various branches of Germanic people. 175 We can recognize the violent character of the Germanic people up to the time of reformation and enlightenment, prior to which it was filled with the other attributes of an Atlantic Mediterranean (the psychological type of Leo in horoscope) in the description of the character of the Germanic people by the Roman historian Tacitus: "Nor are they as easily persuaded to plough the earth and to wait for the year's produce as to challenge an enemy and earn the honour of wounds. Nay, they actually think it tame and stupid to acquire by the sweat of toil what they might win by their blood. Whenever they are not fighting, they pass much of their time in the chase, and still more in idleness, giving themselves up to sleep and to feasting, the bravest and the most warlike doing nothing, and surrendering the management of the household, of the home, and of the land, to the women, the old men, and all the weakest members of the family. They themselves lie buried in sloth, a strange combination in their nature that the same men should be so fond of idleness, so averse to peace." (Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, Germany, pg 17) The Atlantic Mediterranean branch I1b2a is most common in the area of Lower Saxony in Germany. 176 The areas of southern Lower Saxony and northern Hesse were in ancient times populated by the German tribe Chatti, which were described by the Roman historian Tacitus: "This people are distinguished with bodies more hardy and robust, compact limbs, stern countenances, and greater vigor of spirit. For Germans, they are men of much sense and address. ... They account fortune amongst things slippery and uncertain... As soon as they arrive to maturity of years, they let their hair and beards continue to grow, nor till they have slain an enemy. Over the blood and spoil of a foe they make bare their face. They allege, that they have now acquitted themselves of the debt and duty contracted by their birth, and rendered themselves worthy of their country, worthy of their parents." (Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, Germany, pg 29-30) A specific mixture of the Atlantic Mediterranean anthropological type is also common in Eastern Europe, referred to as “Pont” or “Cherkes” type by Russian anthropologists, the name which came from the Cherkes in the North Caucasus, where the type is very common. We can recognize it by the palatal and dental fricatives in speech, i.e. hissing pronunciation of sounds (for example: /Sj/ or /zj/), typical of the pronunciation in those languages (from Polish to Cherkes) which cover the area of its prevalence in the east of Europe. The people of northern Caucasus possess the same branch as the people of West Balkans within haplogroup I: HGI1b. In northern Caucasus, 58% Darginians have HGI, as well as 24.4% of Cherkes. 177 The Darginians and Cherkes speak the languages which belong to a unique northern Caucasus language group, which has the common vocabulary of the same word roots with the language of ancient Hattians (former Hettites), the non-Indoeuropean aboriginal people of Asia Minor and ancient Canaan. For example, zahai (‘battle’ in the language of Hatti) – is zauz (‘war’ in the language of the Cherkes). ‘Hati’ in the language of the Cherkes means ‘to rule’, etc. Let us take a look at the words belonging to the ancient language of Hettites: pinu (child), sapu (god), Kasku (the god of the Moon), Vurusemu (the goddess of the Moon), hilamar (temple), tabarna (emperor), tuhkanti (prince). Some non-Indo-European words in the later Hettite language can also be explained by the language influence of Hattian natives in Asia Minor: tanduki (mankind), titita (nose), taptappa (nest), amijara (canal), etc. Under the genetic influence of Hettites, the language of Hettites is rich in fricatives as well as the modern language of the Cherkes. It can be clearly observed in the names of Hettite cities: Neshi, Kushara, Hattushash, Kadesh, as well as the names of Hettite rulers: Pusharuma, Hatushili, Murshili, Shuppiluliuma, etc. The language connection between the ancient Hettites and today’s people of north Caucasus confirms that the origin of the Atlantic Mediterranids is in the Middle East. 178 Anthropologist Carleton Coon had earlier established, on the basis of skeleton analysis, that the same Atlantic Mediterranean population living in the north of Europe, also lives today in Palestine and Iraq (The Races of Europe, pg 292). "Egyptian illustrations of the New Kingdom show the Palestinian Amorites to have been a race much more like the Northern Europeans than the Semites." (Encyclopedia Britannica, 14th ed., Vol. I, Art. Amorites) During the reign of famous Hammurabi, the Amoreans ruled Sumer. Anthropologist Coon said the following about the skeletons belonging to ancient Sumerians: “It can be shown that Sumerians who lived over five thousand years ago in Mesopotamia are almost identical in skull and face form with living Englishmen.“ “The Mesopotamians, on the other hand, represent a blend or a transitional form between the taller Atlanto-Mediterranean and the Irano-Afghan race.” (The Races of Europe, pg 83, 415). Scientists assume that the carriers of HG-I1b2 in Western Europe match the descendants of the ancient megalithic culture. According to the anthropologist Carleton Coon, the anthropological traits of human skeletons in the area of the megalithic culture completely correspond to the Atlantic Mediterranids: "Megalithic: Tall stature, means 167-171 cm., slender build; skull length over 190 mm.; cranial index 68-72 means, individual range below 78; vault moderate in height, less 179 than breadth; forehead modrately sloping, browridges often of moderate heaviness, muscular markings stronger, skull base wider, face medium to long, nose leptorrhine, mandible often deep and moderately wide." (The Races of Europe, pg 75) "The megalithic culture. In Europe, this architecture was first found in the Pyrenean Peninsula, from where it spread to France, Italy, England, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark and Sweden. Its origin probably should be sought in the countries of South-East Mediterranean (Lebanon, Palestine), where it was found in the 5th century BC." (Encyclopedia of the Lexicographic Institute IV, pg 294, Zagreb, 1968) As well as most of the other nations of northern Europe, today’s Irish represent a mixture of blonde Nordids with the aboriginal Atlantic Mediterranean population. The Irish mythology contains a few legends about its aboriginal people who populated Ireland on more than one occasion, coming from the area of Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean. According to one of them, Mil Espaine (Latin: Miles Hispanie, “The Warrior of Spain“) is a forefather of the last settlers 180 of Ireland, "the sons of Mil" or "Milesians", who came from the east to Spain, where he died in a battle, but his wife and their eight sons came to Ireland. Today’s Welsh have a high concentration of the Atlantic Mediterranean antigen HLA-B12, as well as melodic accentuation in speech, which corresponds to the astrological description of Leo’s speech: “Deep and strong, sometimes oratorical or pompous.“ (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 167) This melodic accentuation transformed many word of the Welsh language into a form which suits the Mediterranean pronunciation: English: to centre, Welsh: canoli; English: to carry, Welsh: cario; English: to carol, Welsh: caroli; English: to cathartic, Welsh: carthai; English: to court, Welsh: caru; English: to clay, Welsh: clai; English: undeceive, Welsh: disiomi; English: clear of dross, Welsh: disorodi; English: hope, Welsh: gobeithio; English: granulate, Welsh: gronynu, etc. In the West Balkans the Atlantic Mediterranean population transformed voice ’jat’ into ’i’, unlike all the other native populations, which transformed it into ’e’, so later, when the people who spoke ikavica dialekt mixed with those who spoke ekavica, they formed ijekavica in the areas when the two dialects merged. In the areas with the highest concentration of the Atlantic Mediterranids people speak with ikavica dialect. A similar process of transformation occurred in Ukrainian and Polish languages. We have seen that genetics reveals that the Atlantic Mediterranids share a close genetic origin with the Sinids, the anthropological type of the original Chinese (people of Han), who 181 was mixed with the members of the Yellow race in Northern China and Korea (originally with a branch of the Finno-Ugric, and later on with more numerous Mongols). The term Sinids in the anthropological science originated from the Old Testament Jewish tradition, which refers to the Chinese as the Sinites, the descendants of Canaan’s son- Sidon. According to the Holy Bible, the Sinites along with the Amoreans and Hattians are the descendants of Noah’s grandson Canaan. The very Korean legends speak about the forefather of all the Koreans whose name was Hwanung, and who was "sent from heaven to the earth by God Hwanin". The root of the name "Hwan" is close to the root of the biblical name "Canaan”, in Hebrew pronounced as “Knaghan”, who, as Noah’s grandson, and one of Ham’s four sons, represents a father of all Canaaneans. According to the Holy Bible, Canaaneans are very tall. The population of the land of Canaan was described by the Jewish "spies" as follows: "The land, through which we have gone to search it, [is] a land that eateth up the inhabitants thereof; and all the people that we saw in it [are] men of a great stature." (Numbers 13:32) The link between Canaan’s descendants in the East (the Sinids) and West (the Atlantic Mediterranids) lies in the musical scale they have in common – anhemitonic pentatonic scale (playing the black keys in the keyboard), which we recognize in the music of today’s Celts, Romanians and Chinese. Anhemitonic pentatonic scale reveals the spirit of victory and power. The desire for power can be seen in the attributes of the ancient megalithic culture, as well as the common symbol of dragon as the symbol of power (the symbol of the Chinese nation and the power of its empire, the flag of ancient Sarmatians, the myth of the Loch Ness monster, the emblem of Wales, etc). The word Han in Chinese denotes a tyrant. The spirit of violence with a distinct disrespect of human’s personality is present throughout the entire history of the Chinese, both the ancient and the contemporary one. The contemporary events in China and North Korea reveal the same totalitarian spirit. The majority of the population of Mongolian and Finno-Ugric descent reveals a 182 cowardly incapacity of resisting the violence of less numerous but more hostile Canaan's descendants. Old Vikings, then the warlike Swedes, Danes and Northern Germans, in the meantime became peace-loving and meek. Nevertheless, by abandoning the idea of enlightenment, their spirit of desire for power is awakening again. Although it is restrained from open expression due to their contemporary cultural values, we can recognize it in their aggressive sports and hooligan behavior of their fans, as well as their foreign policy which seeks to make peace in the world by violence instead of education. Their cinematography is also all the more saturated with violence. Their desire for power reflects itself in the contemporary movies whose protagonists implement justice by their supernatural powers and violence. We can recognize the Atlantic Mediterranean sense of humor, filled with violence and eccentricity, in the British series of movies called "Monty Python“. Leo’s typical attributes were to this day most preserved in those areas of the Atlantic Mediterranean prevalence where reformation and enlightenment never took its root, in Ireland, Eastern Europe (Poland, Ukraine, Moldavia and North Caucasus...) and in the area of West Balkans. Let us remember the Basque terrorist organization ETA, Irish IRA, Bosnian terrorist organization “Young Bosnia“ and our Serbian “Black Hand“. Let us remember the distress and injustice experienced by the Herzegovians (Herzegovinian pits in World War II), Poles (the Katyn massacre, the failure of the Warsaw Uprising caused by lack of Soviet intervention), Ukrainians (the genocide deliberately caused by famine in 1932-33 in which millions of the Ukrainians died), Cherkes (around half a million died in the Russian genocide over the Cherkes in the middle of the 19th century), hundreds of thousands of Cossacks whom the West delivered back to the Soviets at the end of the War, forcing them into immediate death, etc. Throughout their history, the nations with dominant Canaan genetics have mainly faced problems regarding their independence: Irish, Basques, Kurds, Cherkes, Chechens, Moldavians, Ukrainians, Poles, Herzegovians, etc. 183 As if the words of the biblical damnation still echo over their heads: "Cursed be Chanaan, a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren!" (Genesis 9:25) If there is God, we may wonder whether His damnation of the Canaaneans had to be that cruel, to dissuade them from their desire for power and tendency towards violence. How does the psychological type of Leo respond to the misfortunes they come upon? They are all the more challenge to fight on a wrong level! They even more fuel their optimism of victory, power and tendency towards violence. "The difficulties they come upon in the position of leaders are greater incentives for success" (The Society of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 64). It may be the reason why such drastic troubles are the only way of their sobriety, which will help them realize that they are not gods, but only human. Speaking of God’s treatment of the Canaaneans, wise Solomon described all the tragedy of their violent and cruel character: "For it was thy will to destroy by the hands of our fathers both those old inhabitants of thy holy land, whom thou hatedst for doing most odious works of witchcrafts, and wicked sacrifices; and also those merciless murderers of children, and devourers of man's flesh, and the feasts of blood, with their priests out of the midst of their idolatrous crew, and the parents, that killed with their own hands souls destitute of help... Nevertheless even those thou sparedst as men, and didst send wasps, forerunners of thine host, to destroy them by little and little. Not that thou wast unable to bring the ungodly under the hand of the righteous in battle, or to destroy them at once with cruel beasts, or with one rough word: But executing thy judgments upon them by little and little, thou gavest them place of repentance." (Wisdom of Solomon 12: 2-13) 184 GEMINI – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPE OF THE NORDIDS Linda Goodman describes the physical appearance of Gemini as follows: "Unless there's a conflicting ascendant, the Gemini build is generally slender, agile and taller than average. Many of them have small, sharp features, as if they were cut in a cameo. You'll find some with brown eyes, of course, but the majority of those ruled by Mercury will have beautiful, crystal-clear hazel, blue, green or gray eyes that twinkle and dart here and there." (Sun Signs, pg 91). For the overall appearance of people born under the influence of Mercury (which corresponds to Geminis), astrologer Aleksandar Imširagić says: "In general, the nose has a sharp, or even a narrow look. The Mercurians have tiny or long, slim and fine-drawn mouth which is sharply-cut, especially in corners. ... The Mercurian hair is very fine and thin and there isn’t much of it. Its color is pale or brownish-gray with a tendency to become bright. ... The skin is very fine, delicate and dry. This type rarely tans successfully." (Aleksandar Imširagić, The Wheel of Fortune, pg 373-374) 185 The astrological description of Gemini corresponds to the description of the anthropological type of the Nordids: "Stature is tall and thin. Shoulders are strong and broad, legs are long. Skull is elongated, flat on both sides, the nape of the neck is prominent. Face is elongated, facial features are sharp, jaws are accentuated. Mouth is small and “hard formed”, ears are tiny. Forehead is tight, flat and leaning backward; eyebrows are straight. Nose is narrow and prominent, high at its root. Eyes are light, blue or gray, medium-sized. Skin is fine and pale, with visible veins. Hair is blond or redish, thin, smooth and soft." (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of the Yugoslavs, pg 174) The parallel between the Gemini type and the Nordids is apparent not only in comparison of their physical attributes, but also in comparison of the psychological ones. Astrologers describe Gemini’s talkativeness and their proneness to sarcastic humor: "Gemini is talkative and often inconsequential." (Charles E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 120) "They use words as much as possible, have a great power of expressing themselves and are skilful in communication of every kind. ... They are very skilled in using words and that become their most powerful self-defense weapon when they show tactlessness and sarcasm. They often do not save words, they abuse them, they babble tirelessly... Sometimes people detest Gemini’s sarcasm and take a defensive stance towards them.” (The Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 40-41, 43) Antrophologist Hans Günther writes about Nordic talkativeness and their sense of humor as follows: "The gift of narrative, with a sense for describing events and landscape and a tendency to roguish humour, is common in the Nordic race." (Hans F. K. Günther, The Racial Elements of European History, pg 52) 186 Astrologers claim that Gemini is not interested in sensual pleasures: "They say that Geminis are cold-blooded and that their interest in sex is rather of secondary importance to them." (The Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 44) Anthropologists say the same about the Nordids: "He ... develops a characteristic passion for the real, while passion in the usual meaning of the rousing of the senses or the heightening of the sexual life has little meaning for him." (Hans F. K. Günther, The Racial Elements of European History, pg 51) Nordids are characterized by selfish and egocentric materialism, instead of sensuality which leads to fleshly pleasures, or pride. We can recognize such character all over the area of their occurrence. Geographical presence of Nordids can be tracked on the basis of their common genetic markers (HLA-A1, B8, HG-R, etc.). 187 We know Nordids as the original carriers of Indo-European language group such as the Celts, the Illyrians, the Germans, the Balts, the Slavs and the Indo-Iranians who all easily managed to impose their language and government to nations of different origin who were marked by disunity. In fact, people whose pride is not their main characteristic (Nordids, Mongols, Alpide, Semites) can easily dominate over those people who are proud (Dinarids, Mediterranids, etc.), because pride naturally forms tribal relations and mutual feuds (for proud people are oversensitive and inclined to conflicts). Astrologer Nikola Ogrizović says the following about Gemini’s ability to achieve power of command and rule over other people: "They can do it, in such a way that is neither tyrannous or filled with exaggerated vanity." (Astrology, pg 24) Nordids are characterized by their lack of vanity, and that is why in the astrological literature we read that "Gemini are more interested in what they do than what they wear, so that sometimes they appear to be lax.". Perhaps it seems inexplicable to us to see a German businessman dressed in a yellow shirt with hundreds of tiny black Mickey Mice, but he really does not care what we think about him. The people of Northern Europe, who are mostly of Nordic origin, believe that bragging and accentuating their own values and magnitude is an expression of primitivism and backwardness. Although they are free of pride, the Nordids are selfish. However, their selfishness is not blind and pointless as it is in their genetic brothers Finno-Ugric (stingy Virgo) and Mongols (possessive Cancer), because they are in a great deal characterized by their preserved common sense. That Nordic trait was described by astrologer Charles Carter as follows: "Gemini, though often selfish, is yet adaptable: Mercury is styled the convertible planet." (An Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 22) Linda Goodman indicates the following Gemini’s characteristic: 188 "Gemini has little desire to accumulate either money or knowledge. In each case, he prefers to absorb it, sort it, and give it back improved. He's the communicator whose function is to create ever new, original ideas and serve others through the versatility of his quick, brilliant mental processes." (Sun Signs, pg 104) Anthropologist Hans Günther writes about Nordids: "In accordance with this picture we may take judgment, truthfulness, and energy to be the qualities which are always found marking out Nordic man. It is by a certain mastering of his own nature that he comes by his power of judgment and keeps it, standing as a free man over against himself, and still more over against the influence of others. He feels a strong urge towards truth and justice, and shows, therefore, a practical attitude, an attitude of weighing, which often makes him look cool and stiff. He is distinguished by a highly developed sense of reality, which, in combination with an energy that may rise to boldness, urges him on to farreaching undertakings." (Hans F. K. Günther, The Racial Elements of European History, pg 51) Astrologer Johanna Weinbaum says about Gemini (women): "Although they are warm and emotional, many find them heartless. It is so because they mostly rely on intelligence, not on emotions." (Johanna Weinbaum, The Secret of Sexual Astrology, pg 18) Due to their rationality in judging the righteousness of someone’s idea, the Nordid type, more than any other type, pays attention to the sense of the idea itself instead of a person who presents it. Talking about Gemini, astrologer Johanna Weinbaum proceeds: "If you have extreme or fanatic religious and political views, you will not get along with Gemini very well. They see everybody's side too clearly. They are liberal and tolerant by 189 nature, and narrow-minded people will not get far with them." (Ibid, pg 18) The Protestant Reformation, whose call was originally only aimed towards common sense, instead of human feelings and the human need to stick to rules as the end in themselves in order to calm their guilty conscience, was best received exactly in the area where the Nordic anthropological type was a majority. For the Nordic type, it is not easy to accept philosophy and religion which cannot stand the criticism of common sense. To listen to the voice of reason means to be in conflict with human stupidity and any form of superstition. Writing about this attribute of the Nordids, which was also the characteristic of the Medieval Slavs, anthropologist Vladimir Dvorniković pointed out the following when he described the occurence of the Bogomils and their psychology: "The deepest atavistic traits of the Slavic man are exhibited in bogomilism. ... Firstly, by its genesis, the bogomilism, both as psyche and as religious-social movement, is negativism and reaction. A Bogomil foremost felt: what he 190 could not do and what he would not do. He did not want any form of discipline whose meaning he could not grasp and which was against his deepest inner being." (Vladimir Dvorniković, Characterology of the Yugoslavs, pg 967) Talking about the anthropological type that corresponds to the Nordids, Vacher de Lapouge says: "From the state he only asks to respect his work; according to religious choice, he is a protestant, for his independent spirit cannot accommodate church authority.” (Fransoa de Fontet, Le Racisme, pg 69) Astrologer Linda Goodman describes this Nordic feature as Gemini's feature in the following words: "As soon as he learns what's being done and how it's being done, he'll want to know why. The answer, "We've always done it this way," will cause his bright eyes to turn to ice cubes that could freeze you at thirty paces. Gemini is not even slightly interested in or impressed with tradition. When he's told something is an old custom, that's reason enough for him to change it. ... He'll seldom be dogmatic either. His opinions are flexible." (Sun Signs, pg 121-122) NORDIC COMMON SENSE OPPOSED SELF-DECEPTION In Orthodox religion and Catholicism, one sort of music is listened to and chanted in the church, and another outside of it. While the faithful are in the church, they will listen and chant about gratitude, but outside of it they will revel in popular and folk music, which are, by their thanklessness and moaning, a contrast to the chants of gratitude they listen to in the church. In the Nordic countries of northern Europe there is no such duality. The same spirit which inspired a Protestant to chant spiritual hymns of gratitude while being in the temple also inspired them to chant the same hymns while walking down a road, spending their time in a pub or while being at home with their family. When the Protestant people 191 became spiritual renegades and with the occurrence of popular music, it was not long before it moved from the outside world into the Protestant temples. There is no hypocrisy and self-deception, for is not known to the Nordic common sense. When Jovan Cvijić described the character of the so-called central type, that is, the population of southeast Serbia and Macedonia, he actually described the character of the Nordic Slavs, who are, according to contemporary genetic findings, most common with Greek Macedonians when it comes to the Balkans: “Realistic features- this is the most prominent trait of the central type… True representatives of this temperament in the central type are those who do not speak much, but speak peremptorily, they simply startle when you ask them about stories and poems, and in doing so convey that those are all nonsense and trifles, for it is not ‘real labor’, a true interest of man… they less often than the Dinarians care to have the most beautiful and equipped house, to be better dressed than their compatriots, except the fact that every now and then a woman succeeds in imposing her own taste; on the contrary, the rich are often ill-dressed, and sometimes they are even dressed in rags when at home. Little or no appreciation do they show for a beautiful and well-decked horse, and, unlike the Dinarians, they feel no need for a glowing appearance… In addition to these realistic features, this type of people does not possess the rough and cruel avarice wee often see in the East-Balkan type. There is less rudeness in their lives. Contrary to the geographical position, which would define the central type as southern and expansive, throughout their whole mental life they show something reserved and stiff… It is even harder to make out their true emotions. They are good at judging people, their traits and passions; but, while the Dinarians often show their observations, these people do it rarely. It is hard to gain their trust. But their soul can 192 soften and bloom under the influence of the free life they have been longing for for centuries… There is also a distinctive affection within them, warm and moving, but always seeming so confused and naive… They are more gifted for lyric than epic poems. Epic poems are less common in their area than in the Dinarian ones. The people belonging to the central type have a lot of tact and consideration. Rare are the Yugoslav countries where people get less insulted by words and take verbal insults more easily than here. They do not mind other people’s flaws and weaknesses and often tolerate serious moral flaws when the ‘real labor’ is concerned. They know how to conduct themselves: they can restrain their emotions and desires, to change their mind and deliberate on things; overreaction is so rare; they are almost always considerate and careful. That is why in this central type there are not much of those violent, decisive and strong temperaments, those who cannot put up with injustice. This type can be often found in WestMacedonian and Kosovo-Metohija varieties. The people belonging to the central type undoubtedly possess cleverness and easy comprehension. Their senses and spirit are always alert; they are almost always composed. But their intelligence is most often directed towards material regards and personal interest. The people belonging to the central type get easily adapted to a whole variety of social surroundings. This definitely has to do with the realistic features of their soul and quick comprehension of practical matters; also, perhaps there is no resisting force in them which comes from the old popular traditions. They immediately receive any heritage of the material culture and external signs of civilization… They approve of and adopt material, moral and spiritual novelties which make life easier and provide benefits.” (Jovan Cvijić, The Balkan Penninsula and the Yugoslav Countries, pg 78-81) 193 Regardless of its common sense, the Nordic type is also characterized by the temptation of selfish and egocentric exploitation. Therefore, throughout the history of the West, the blessing of its soberness soon started to transform into the curse of its hedonism. The politics of the Nordic West is becoming all the more exploitative and reckless towards others. However, one might reply: “Is there such a thing as non- exploitative politics?” The reply to this can be found in the politics of the people with a large number of people belonging to the Dinarian anthropological type. Serbian politics is a typical example of the politics which is not exploitative, but implements the policy of pride, spite and destruction to the disadvantage the existential interests of its people. Let us remember the most drastic example, when on 27th March 1941 people yelled: “Better grave, than a slave; Better battle, than to settle!”, among a number of similar examples throughout its history. Zoran Đinđić wisely said: “The world is a cruel market. Nobody loves anybody. They all love themselves only. But let us love ourselves as much Americans love themselves, and then we will see who is more successful. Now, since we do not like ourselves much, and they do love themselves, they are always more successful. But, are we to blame for not loving ourselves enough, or is there someone else to blame? We are to blame! Let us love ourselves, let us see what our potentials are, let us see who the good people are and put them in good positions, and use our potentials in the best possible way.” Of course, the concept of true love for ourselves should be distinguished from selfish exploitation whose aim is to obtain 194 emotional and sensual pleasures by sacrificing the real interests of humanity, which naturally implies disregard of others. The contemporary politics of the West is becoming more exploitative and less considerate, as there is less and less of the spirit of New Age Enlightenment, which was described in British History of the Nineteenth Century by the English historian George M. Trevelyan: “It is right to praise highly the influence of Evangelicalism on our politics, in days when no other even partially enlight ened doctrine could get a hearing. Evangelicalism brought rectitude, unselfishness and humanity into high places, and into the appeal to public opinion.“ (George Macaulay Trevelyan, British History of the Nineteenth Century, pg 54) However, by trying to adapt to the modern age hedonism, Protestantism soon experienced transformation: towards religious formalism (which made it close to traditional Catholicism), and lately also towards sentimental fanaticism (which made it close to the religions of the East). The temptation of religious formalism is a temptation typical of the psychological type of Virgo, whereas the temptation of sentimental fanaticism, which occurs as a false reformation of religious formalism, is typical of the psychological type of Cancer. As a reaction to the perversion of Protestantism, the Nordic common sense rather chooses atheism than a belief in formal religiousness or Christ swaying in the rhythm of rock music, advocating the belief that he canceled God’s Ten Commandments by sacrificing Himself on the Golgotha cross. In the history of civilization, as well as an individual’s life, there is no stagnation. If temptations of life do not make us better, they will certainly make us worse. If we do not use the blessings of life in order to help others, then their use will be our own source of doom. If those blessings do not fulfill us with feelings of gratitude and unselfishness, they will fulfill us with greediness and stinginess. If we do not defeat temptations at the very moment they emerge, they will defeat us. One who does not fight temptations with all their heart, will end up becoming their prey. However, our destiny is in our hands. 195 VIRGO – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPE OF ALPIDS The psychological type of Virgo is characteristic for the Alpids. They represent the remains of the ancient natives of the Ice Age Europe, who still in a great deal populate those areas which were once covered in ice. The Finno-Ugric who populate the Baltic and north-eastern Europe (ex-USSR region) are called the Baltids by anthropologists, and those who populate the Alps in Central Europe – the Alpids. By mixing with the Nordids, the Baltids got light hair. Unlike the Baltids who to a certain degree preserved the awareness of their Finno-Ugric origin (the Estonians, Finns, Laponians, Hungarians, etc.), the Alpids forgot their roots, firstly under the invasion of the Celtic Nordids, and then also under German and Slavic conquerors. The analysis of Y chromosome, which can be inherited only by men, reveals that the Baltids, from 196 the father’s side, preserved haplogroup N, which is by its genetic structure closest to the haplogroup O typical for Yellow race in East Asia. HG-O is also characteristic of Koreans whose language belongs to the same Uralic language group in which the European Finno-Ugric also belong. However, unlike the Baltids, the Alpids, from the father’s side, lost their haplogroup N and got the Nordic HGR1b, which corresponds to their Celtic conquerors. Actually, genetics convinces us that the hypothesis which states that the Nordic proto-Celts killed the entire male population of Alpids in Central Europe and took their women is true. Both branches of the Finno-Ugric (Alpids and Baltids) have common genetic markers (HLA-A3, B7, etc.) and very slight anthropological differences. The Finno-Ugric antigen HLA-B7 in Europe is most represented among the Laponians (over 37%), in Ireland (33.6%) Austrians (29.1%), Finns (26.7%), Belgians (25.5%) and north-western Russians (25.2%). HLA-B7 is the most 197 represented HLA-B antigen in Switzerland (23.6%), Slovenia (23.6%) and Germany (20.2%). Within the area of former Yugoslavia this antigen is present in 10.65% of the population, whereof 7.84% in Serbia, and 18.1% in Croatia. Mixing with different European people (mostly with the Nordids) made the Alpids similar to the White race by their appearance at first sight. Nevertheless, the skeletons disclose that they originated from the Yellow race: "It seems they have lived in Europe since the end of the Paleolithic age, but where they came from or whether they originated in Europe by mixing of some short-headed Asian group with the Proto-Europeans – we do not know. These people, at least according to their skeletons, have some similarities with the Turanids and we do not notice the features of the Tungids on the living man." (Božo Škerlj, Man, pg 328). However, both the Alpids and the Baltids maintained many adaptive psychophysical attributes which allow them to live in a polar climate zone. They are characterized by narrow and small eyes, strong blood circulation of the face, protective layers of fat, a genetic proneness to obesity, short extremities, a broad brachycephal skull, a round and broad face without any expressive trait. There are often circles under the eyes and the layers of fat. Cheekbones are somewhat prominent. The nose is short, flattened, pug or straight. The mouth is wide. The teeth gaps are not entirely close as they are with the other anthropological types in Europe. The 198 beard is weak. The hairiness is barely noticeable. They are also characterized by an instinctive need of making supplies, a fear of water, easily disgusted, etc. Astrologers Max Heindel and Augusta Foss Heindel depict the physical appearance of Virgo: "The complexion sallow ... The feet are small, the toes turn inwards and give these people a peculiar labored walk." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 60). And the anthropologist Božo Škerlj writes about the representatives of the Yellow race: "Hands and feet are very small." (Dr Božo Škerlj, A Man, pg 315-317). According to astrologer Mile Dupor: "Virgo is characterized by a round bony head, a smooth face..." (Do not believe it, check it, pg 78). According to astrologer Charles Carter, their " complexion is sallow and often muddy; " (Charles E.O. Carter, The Principles of Astrology, pg 161). According to astrologer Linda Goodman, "The Virgo is normally a small person" (pg 219). The astrologer Hana Hart says about Virgo: "You can recognize him by his height because he is usually the shortest man in a group." (Hana Hart, A man in the palm, pg 64) Also, as anthropologist Božo Škerlj stated, "The Alpids are men of a rather small stature (163-164 cm). ... We can find them in Central France, all over the Alps, in Czechoslovakia, and also partly in the western and northern regions of Yugoslavia" (General Anthropology, pg 69). The Alpids are mostly represented in the area of the County of Savoy in France, in Southern Germany (Bavaria), in the areas of Austria, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatian Zagorje, and here in the region of Vojvodina (the natives), and partly in north-western part of Sumadia District. Psychological characteristics of the Alpids are the result of perversion of their adaptive attributes for a cold climate – the gathering instinct which, under inner discontent, is transformed to stinginess. That is why in the entire area of representative of the Alpine type, from Banat to Bavaria and Savoy, we meet people who 199 correspond to the psychological type of Virgo by their excessive stinginess. Astrologer Maja Lončarić wrote as follows: "Virgo jealously keeps their integrity and their apothecary peace in which they live alone or with their family. Virgo’s motto is: We do not let anybody in. ...Stingy. They spend their money cautiously because they are afraid of poverty. They posses an old-fashioned mentality, impose economic restrictions in the family, the sense of practical living is realized to the disadvantage of aesthetics, they are stingy and their relationship with their parents is conventional." (Maja Lončarić, Astrology – Stars Talk, pg 40, 54-55) It is thought that North Germany is more developed than South Germany because its residents would rather invest the capital they earned into further production, while Bavarians would rather put the money aside. Germans from the North still tell jokes that mock the selfish character of their compatriots from the South, as well as their racism and rigidity* (Fusnota: What happens when a blonde moves from Berlin to Bavaria? – There’s a collective rise in IQs in both areas!) of thinking. Bavarian boy and girl save money in order to go to seaside together, but since she did not earn enough money, he spends his summer holiday without her. They have dozens of recipes on how to use bread which is hard as a stone because it is ten days old. They are prone to stinginess on unimportant things to disadvantage of their bodily comfort, and even their health. They take care of their health, but not so much out of love for health itself, as much as out of fear of disease. Awareness of personal property is extremely developed, and there are some recorded cases of murders committed because of picking fruit from the branches hanging over the fences, as well as court cases that lasted for decades (like, for example, one case about a rooster in Macva, which lasted for three decades). The selfish envy towards rich people was a basis for their efforts to carry out social reforms through Nazism in Central Europe and communism in the East. 200 The next attribute of the Alpids comes as a result of their reduced hormonal activity which makes them enjoy the feeling of "virgin” purity before their own conscience more than weakly expressed emotional and sensual pleasures. Their tendency to enjoy purity of conscience leads them to a hypocritical suppression of their weaknesses into the subconsciousness (which is already a temptation that most elderly people find hard to resist), and such a suppression creates specific authoritarian and "Gestapo-like" symptoms in their psyche. The whole region of Central Europe is characterized by a natural product of hypocrisy originating under the influence of guilt – proneness to racism. The greatest percentage of Nazi war criminals came exactly from that area. In the same geographical area today we still meet false moralizing and contempt towards dirty, morally unfit and uncivil people, which is a result of projection and transfer of own unacknowledged moral impurity to others. There is a well-known example from Slovenia, when the people of Ambrus (near Ljubljana), out of "ecological and safety" reasons, exiled 35 Gypsies to the woods in 2006 and prohibited them from returning. The result of the poll designed by local TV station POP soon after the affair, showed that 42% of respondents supported the decision of the Slovenian government not to allow Gypsies’ return to the town of Ambrus after their placement into the Center for Foreigners. Gypsies were looked down upon for being filthy, uncivilized and incapable of respecting the legal system. Through this act of exile, the Alpid type revealed its true Nazi nature. Let us observe the similarity with an astrological description of Virgo’s temptation. According to an advice of the astrologer Johanna Weinbaum, where she explains how to break up a relationship with Virgo, we find a list of temptations that the Alpid type is not able to resist, which clearly demonstrates why they have a scornful attitude towards Gypsies themselves: "Avoid taking baths. Dress sloppy. Put down your cigarettes in a coffee cup. Let your home look like you actually live there. Be late for meetings as often as you can. Use vulgar 201 words as much as possible. Take Virgo to a topless club or treat them for a porno movie. Be compassionate. Question every decision of theirs or make a decision without consulting them. Share your obscene jokes with them in front of others. Gamble ruthlessly." (Johanna Weinbaum, The Secret of Sexual Astrology, pg 34) The character of the Alpids corresponds to the astrological description of Virgo’s character: "The sign is a very discriminative and critical one that is not at all easily satisfied. It is fastidious, dislikes being touched, and has a deep-rooted fear of infection." (Vivian E. Robson, Astrology and Sex, pg 35) Astrologer Mile Dupor talks of Virgo’s character in the same manner as if he talks of a representative of the Alpids: "Virgos reason coldly, they are skeptical about issues with no solid proofs. Reserved, cold feelings, unwilling to express them, they suffer and keep quiet, they put up with injustice, accept the worst jobs without protesting. Their appearance: restrained posture, cold diplomatic charm, cold probing glance, resigned facial expression, thin voice that sounds clerkly malicious. Private. Distrustful. They work hard like dogs, they are clean, tidy, scanty, practical. ... They are unjust towards themselves, they live to work, to them, a method is more important than a result, they make a job harder to themselves, complicate things to satisfy regulations, do not fully enjoy all their rights, but accept all their duties. ...They hate dirt, vulgarity, inconsiderate behavior, unconventional clothing and pose, and even a careless way of speaking.” (Do not believe it, check it, pg 7879) "They may be chronic fault-finders, cantankerous, prejudiced, and narrow in their views, with the result that they are unpopular with those who misunderstand their 202 natures." (Charles E. O. Carter, The Principles of Astrology, pg 73) Astrologers also notice this authoritarian, subordinate mentality in Virgos: "They make excellent secretaries, or subordinates of any kind, but do not often assume control, dislike responsibility on a large scale, and shrink from the limelight and selfadvertisement; in fact, they are often shy and retiring, making few friends, being particular about whom they meet socially." (Charles E. O. Carter, The Principles of Astrology, pg 73) Anthropologist Branimir Maleš discloses such a character as the feature of the Alpids: "They do not like to lead, and besides, they are not able to, but they are satisfied when they can subjugate themselves to a leader." (Branimir Maleš, On Human Races, pg 38) Astrologer Mile Dupor believes that “the Croatian among all nations is the most similar” to Virgo by the character traits (Mile Dupor, Do not believe it, check it, pg 81). And, speaking of the Alpids of Croatian Zagorje, Jovan Cvijić says: “They are very diligent, sober and persistent as workers. ... But these peasants have a repulsive spirit, a spirit of division and subordination. ... They are often suspicious. ... Highlanders think that only the authorities and aristocracy should be dealing with public affairs: they are more competent than peasants, they say; the nobility should give orders, husbands should obey; there would be no discipline without aristocracy. ... This population is obedient, disciplined and fully submissive to its superiors.” (Jovan Cvijić, The Balkan Peninsula and the Yugoslav Countries, pg 165) Virgo’s personality is also depicted by Vacher de Lapouge through his description of the Alpids in France: 203 “Homo Alpinus. This type is shorter in stature, medium to dark in skin-, eye-, and hair-color, and has round head and round face. It is typified by the Turk and the Auvergnat, predominates in France, Switzerland, North Italy, Southern Germany, Poland, Austria, the Balkans, and farther east. ... Psychologically it is frugal, cautious and industrious; gifted with common sense (le bon sens), and attached to tradition. It absorbs rather than creates ideas ; though industrious, it works slowly and without intensity. ... Homo Alpinus knows only the timid defensive solidarity of the flock of sheep where each seeks to hide himself behind his neighbor. The Alpine has for generations been "the perfect slave, the ideal serf, the model subject, and, in republics such as ours, the citizen most highly praised because he tolerates every abuse." It varies little and hence produces few geniuses. It is Catholic in religion, dependent on state action in politics, opposed to individual excellence and superiority, worships mediocrity, and is fearful of progress. Its foresight does not extend beyond the immediate needs of self and family, while problems of statecraft are beyond its powers. It was Homo Europceus which accounted for the civilizations of the Greeks, Romans, and Western Europe. It has for many centuries been the dominating race, and even to-day, when pure types are very rare because of the mixture of blond and brunet, those individuals who play the most mportant roles in society greatly resemble the master race of other days.” (Frank H. Hankins, The Racial Basis of Civilization, pg 107108) Old Romans originally represented a mixture of the Nordids of Proto-Celtic origin and the Alpids who came down the Alps to the Apennine Peninsula and mixed with the Mediterranean and Dinarid natives. While the Romans were politically dominant, besides a certain Nordic soberness that corresponds to Gemini, they also had authoritarian spirit of the Alpids, which corresponds to the psychological type of Virgo. The practical Roman ethical 204 philosophy imbued with stoicism, then the military spirit of rigid discipline, and, in the beginning, very conservative and formalistic nature of the Roman law, reveal distinctive elements of the Alpid psychological type. Latin, which of all the Indo-European languages is the most similar to Celtic, had a totally different quality, melody and rhythm in comparison to the modern-day Italian. In the meantime, the Alpids were suppressed by the influence of other nations, although even today they are present to a certain extent in the area of Central Italy. The anthropologist Bertil Lundman in his book The Races and Peoples of Europe writes: "Centralna Italija je mešavina mediteranaca i alpida sa nordidima i drugim strujama" (Bertil Lundman). The Celts of Central Europe took the Alpids with them to many other regions of their expansion. One of the mixtures between Nordid and Alpids, under the entity of the Gauls in the classical period, settled the central area of Asia Minor. One epistle of Apostle Paul in the New Testament refers to them. If we take a closer look, we will recognize that it refers exactly to the Alpids. Apostle Paul criticizes their temptation – a typical Alpid’s tendency to , under the burden of guilt, atone before their conscience by holding certain principles and religious traditions. Perhaps it seems incomprehensible to us that the Virgo type which corresponds to Alpids is prone to religion, because astrologers say for Virgos that they are skeptical towards everything that cannot be proved by science. Like most members of the Yellow race, the Alpids also have more dominant left side of the brain, which is responsible for noticing details, determination, analytical thinking, etc. The right side of the brain is less active, probably due to their adaptation to a cold climate in order not to endanger their own survival, taking interest in activities that are not useful in severe living conditions. Namely, while the left side of the brain is more responsible for mere survival, the right one is responsible for imagination, integrity, universality and different creative abilities which are best expressed in reaching a higher meaning of life, which also includes religion. 205 There from the Alpids are confused and frightened by everything that overcomes their sensual experience and demands a philosophical thinking about the general meaning and background of what they see. They are capable of exact verification, understanding and practical application of a scientific discovery, but are not capable of arriving to the discovery itself, because that would mean that they would need to activate their power of imagination. Alpids are confused when they read biographies of those scientists who made large contributions to science, for they expect to read about them diligently collecting information and making analyses, processes and calculations, so that they can finally get to the discovery they so much sought. Nevertheless, they surprisingly read how the discoveries came to them ’out of the blue’, how they prayed to God in the lab (Louis Pasteur), how the discoveries came to them in form of visions (Nikola Tesla), and they needed their left hemisphere of the brain only to scientifically verify, define and practically apply the discoveries. For this very reason an Alpid has difficulty distinguishing between a scientific truth – verifiable by experiment, and a scientific hypothesis – verifiable by an analysis of its meaning. Existence of several different scientific hypothesis drives them mad because such a stress forces them to take the responsibility of thinking about each one and making a judgment about their correctness or incorrectness based on the analysis of their meanings. They would be very happy to declare one hypothesis a dogma, to forbid all others and to break off all further discussions. So, instead of reason, the Alpids like to use dogmas, because they free them from the need to think. It is all the same if these dogmas are religious or scientific. If they are not the people who blindly believe in the dogma of infallibility of the Pope, they will probably blindly believe in the dogma of evolution, equating a hypothesis and empirically verifiable scientific truths. The cause of their rigid thinking does not lie in mere domination of the left hemisphere of the brain itself, but in lack of healthy driving motives. If we are stimulated by love, love itself will be our inspiration to set in motion all those areas of brain activities which 206 we need to successfully answer demands of life and its higher nonexistential purpose. But, if one is moved by bad motives (guiltiness, pride, selfishness, sensuality), the one will become a victim of either formalism and nitpicking of the left side of the brain, or a victim of imagination and abstraction of the right side. While the ’imaginary’ types tend to escape reality and enter their own imaginary world, the ’exact’ types of Virgo tend to confine themselves by immediate sensual experiences and respond with a paranoid fear when confronting circumstances which require them to take over the responsibility to think for themselves and to understand the background and deeper meaning of what they see. Instead of thinking for themselves, they tend to embrace rules and authorities which will think for them instead. Since they are troubled by guilt, Alpids are prevented from seriously reconsidering the meaning of their behavior, and using the freedom of mind and reason to elevate themselves above restrictions of their senses and into the world of imagination, philosophy and religion. The Alpids are known for a mechanistic understanding of religion which becomes obvious in their interpretation of Catholicism, where God is represented as some kind of a machine that after a sufficient number of regurgitated or read out prayers, answers by giving His blessings automatically. The Alpid turns their extremely pragmatic spirit into trade with God, either through Papal indulgences, good deeds, or through some personal sacrifice, for which they are convinced it can make God less angry and unmerciful. Actually, the Alpids attribute the pressure of their own unclean conscience to God, turning His justice into cruelty, and their hypocritical contempt towards the spiritually incapable and filthy into God’s animosity towards heretics and sinners. Guilt results in a hypocritical repentance. Human weakness is only inhibited in its expressing instead of being defeated. They might truly believe in Christ’s sacrifice on the cross as Catholics, but since the real atonement does not happen, the unclean conscience remains, so they try to redeem themselves alone, endlessly making up new rules and 207 duties. They do not understand God’s Law as an elevated criterion, a definition of essential motives, a model which destroys human selfcomplacency in order to make a sinner feel disappointment with themselves and therefore raise their voice towards the Heavens, but they comprehend it as formal rules whose fulfillment ensures their redemption and satisfaction. They keep God’s Law formally and blindly, without understanding that love is the fulfillment of the Law and that God’s Commandments exist for people’s sake, not vice versa. Apostle Paul condemned such incorrect function of God’s Law in his epistle to the Alpids from Asia Minor – i. e. to the Gauls: "But that in the law no man is justified with God, it is manifest: because the just man liveth by faith. ... For if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead in vain. Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law: you are fallen from grace." (Galatians 3:11; 2:21; 5:4). Living in accordance with God's Law is the consequence of belief in Christ’s justification and liberation, not the cause of justification. The purpose of God’s Law is not our redemption through its fulfillment, but raising awareness of our need for God’s redemption and absolution from sin. Apostle Paul says that the Law was given "that sin by the commandment might become exceeding sinful" (Romans 7:13). When a person is motivated by unselfish love, that person acts spontaneously in accordance with God’s Law. "For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this: Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself" (Galatians 5:14) This criticism which was directed at the Gauls by Apostle Paul will become the fundamental criticism of Catholicism by the Protestant Reformation. In fact, throughout the entire Middle Ages the Alpine type of Italy and Central Europe was revealing its religious formalism and authoritarianism through Catholicism. The spirit of Catholic religion can be clearly recognized in the astrological description of Virgo: "Virgo: a sense of order and neatness, a sense of practical life, critical spirit, sadomasochism... pays to much attention to form, easily gets angry and severely criticizes everyone 208 and everything, boring, dogmatic. Because of its dullness and sarcasm, this sign does not enjoy the best reputation. It sticks its nose into everything, looks for a needle in the haystack, ... criticizes everyone and everything, has narrowminded views. Virgo’s temper is pessimistic, receptive to destructive impulses, but prone to perfectionism. Virgos never let emotions take them over, everything has to be based on logic, and they want to keep their lives in order. There from all the coldness, pedantry, conservatism, moralism..., an old-fashioned mentality. Human warmth is lacking. They are pedantic, tidy, accurate, cynical, overly sensitive. Virgos underestimate everyone, including themselves” (Maja Lončarić, Astrology – Stars Talk, pg 16, 24, 26, 40). Talking of the Alpids, anthropologist Branimir Maleš discloses their conservatism: "They leave foolhardiness and enterprise to others. They are sensitive, diligent and they do not like to change their environment and habits" (Branimir Maleš, On Human Races, pg 38). In his book The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism, German philosopher Max Weber outlined an example of such a conservative spirit, which is especially pronounced in Catholic female workers: "The type of backward traditional form of labour is to-day very often exemplified by women workers, especially unmarried ones. An almost universal complaint of employers of girls, for instance German girls, is that they are almost entirely unable and unwilling to give up methods of work inherited or once learned in favour of more efficient ones, to adapt themselves to new methods, to learn and to concentrate their intelligence, or even to use it at all. Explanations of the possibility of making work easier, above all more profitable to themselves, generally encounter a complete lack of 209 understanding. Increases of piece-rates are without avail against the stone wall of habit." (pg 62) Further in his work, Max Weber explained how a spirit of pietism (puritan Protestantism) helped overcome such a rigid and conservative spirit: "In general it is otherwise, and that is a point of no little importance from our view-point, only with girls having a specifically religious, especially a Pietistic, background." (Max Weber, The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism, pg 62). Catholicism provoked the feeling of endangerment in people, it burdened them with guilt and a fear of doom in eternal suffering, and alongside the paranoid fear of heretics which formed strong authoritarian mechanisms of thought and behavior, especially in the Alpids of Central Europe and the Semits in Spain.. In that way, Catholicism kept entire nations in submissiveness. The Protestant Reformation freed human psyche from the feelings of endangerment and fear. It liberated peoples’ conscience from guilt and therefore from the hypocritical suppression of character weaknesses. It liberated their minds from the restraints of uniform thinking and led them to think responsibly with their own head, and to on their own evaluate the meaning and righteousness of theirs and others’ faith. This kind of spirit sobered up those Alpids who adopted the principles of Protestantism, which led to a dramatic increase in their productivity. According to anthropologist Charleston Coon, the German town Baden is located in the north-west boundary of the Alpine world. At the end of the 19th century, its population was mainly Catholic - 61,3%, while the Protestants constituted about one-third 31%. However, schoolchildren who attended classes above primary school in which attendance was not compulsory, were mainly protestant - 69%, while the Catholics constituted only 37%. Also, in 1895 in Baden the collection of capital value tax showed the following figures: tax amounted to 589,000 DEM per every 210 thousand of the Catholics, while it amounted to 954,060 DEM per every thousand of the Protestants. "Catholics and Protestants differed from each other in their polemical approach to Islam. Whereas Protestants believed that the translation of the Qur'an was the best way for discrediting Islam, since, according to their opinion, it would inevitably lead toward the conclusion that this holy book was unlogical and untruthful, Catholics were more prone to a repressive approach and they were forbidding the printing of the Qur'an or its fragments even for the polemical purposes." (Frantiek Sistek, The Czech Notions and the Stereotypes of the Turks, The Almanac 21-22, Podgorica, 2003, pg 295) After World War I, the economic crisis initiated the feeling of endangerment among the Alpids in Central Europe, which led to a repeated escalation of their authoritarianism, this time in the form of Nazism, and in an analogous form of Stalinism among the people of USSR, which was a manifestation of the authoritarianism of Baltids and Mongols. Nazi motto "Order, Work and Discipline" actually represents the most concise definition of the psyche of the Virgo sign and therefore a definition of the anthropological type of Alpids. Speaking of authoritarian personality principles, psychologist Žarko Trebješanin seemed to have described the Virgo psychological type, i.e. the Alpid type: “This type of personality, which equally well manages to survive both under the dictatorships of Fascism and Bolshevism, besides other mentioned traits, is also characterized by the following qualities, attitudes, and character features: adornment of their leader, slavish loyalty to authorities and a simultaneous hatred towards everything that is cast out, helpless and unsuitable (class enemies, domestic traitors, and all marginal social groups), then a strong inhibition of sexuality and spontaneity, suppressed pathological aggression and hatred, ... sadism towards those who are lower in the hierarchy, rigid thinking, fostering the cult of order, martial hierarchy and strict discipline, 211 supporting a rigorous penal policy." (Žarko Trebješanin, Soul and Policy, pg 121-122)” (Lazar Marićević, Selfrespect and Authoritarianism, pg 55) Inhibited sexual desire among the Alpids is a consequence of their lack of sex hormones, which makes them receptive for burdening with guilt and easy suppression of their sex drives. The ancient skeletons of Alpids reveal reduced sexual characteristics. Astrologer Mile Dupor says that Virgo is a frigid and sterile sign. Linda Goodman writes: "The basic Virginian instinct is chastity, and he's turned from it only for a good cause." (Sun Signs, pg 229). In the book The Secret of Sexual Astrology by Johanna Weinbaum we read: "Most singles were born under this sign. Virgo male is too much of a perfectionist in his job to have time to deal with love... He is loyal, so you should not worry that he will cheat on you. For him fidelity is not just a word. However, as it is with many who brag about their high morality, his morality simply comes from an absence of lust." (Johanna Weinbaum, The Secret of Sexual Astrology, pg 32) The lack of male sex hormone among the Alpids is manifested through their temptation of indifference towards philosophical and political questions, as well as through the authoritarian proneness to shifting their own responsibility relating to these issues to someone else. Astrologer Linda Goodman brings out the absence of abstract intelligence in Virgo: "The typical Virgo is at his best as the power behind the throne, the one who dependably carries through the original ideas of others" (Ibid, pg 247). The lack of female sex hormones is shown through the absence of hospitality and Alpid’s temptation of indifference towards children. As such, their relation towards them is mostly cold and superficial, quite formal and deprived of closeness; it is founded on rules of behavior, not on the recognition of children’s true spiritual and physical needs. Astrologer Linda Goodman acknowledges weakly-expressed maternity in Virgo with the following words: "Virgo women seldom have more than one or two children, and don't seem to need motherhood to satisfy their 212 femininity." (pg 241). Linda Goodman confirms the emotional deficiency of a mother-Virgo towards her child as follows: "She may not supply his emotional needs as easily, but if she's sure of your love and knows she's appreciated, she'll relax and give her offspring plenty of warm affection." (pg 241). Astrologer Vivian Robson openly states: "As a parent Virgo is not specially successful. The dry, matter-of-fact, critical and faddy or fussy manner is not calculated to win the heart of a child very readily, and as a rule there is no very deep love of children." (Vivian E. Robson, Astrology and Sex, pg 36) The lack of both sex hormones results in barely pronounced emotional and abstract intelligence in Alpids, which in everyday life can be recognized in their diligent workman mentality and the capability for paying attention to details in a job to an extent which no other anthropological type does (they can be very good watchmakers, etc.), but without any creativity that leads to new inventions and solutions. Astrologers say: "Virgos like practical and productive jobs, they are excellent craftsmen/manufacturers, especially in food, they are medical workers, hygienists..." (The Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 77) "Its keynote may be said to be practical mentality, or the brain applied to concrete matters. ... The abilities are great for all work requiring good mental powers, conscientiousness, and attention to detail; ... They usually possess skill in manual craftsmanship, and either for a livelihood or a hobby cultivate such things as carving, metal-work, clock-making, or engineering. ... Gardening also generally attracts them, and another characteristic is the marked interest in matters pertaining to health, diet, and hygiene. They may be doctors or physical culturists, and at times degenerate into valetudinarians." (Charles E.O. Carter, The Principles of Astrology, pg 73) Contrary to the Semites* (Fusnota: Their unwillingness to stand for the needs of those they are close to, and their lack of interest in general issues make a certain number of Semites quite close to Alpids. The abuse of sensual experiences to satisfy inner discontent naturally leads to degeneration of both male and female 213 types of intelligence, especially if a person gives in to these sensual temptations during incomplete psychophysical development. The people who abuse male and female types of intelligence will develop their intelligence despite the abuse, but the sensual type will weaken it due to neglect.), whose uncontrollable character turns their richness of interests and broadness of intelligence into damnation of unrestrained and often destructive impulses that rule upon their will, Alpids make very high quality products due to their modesty and simplicity: "The general efficiency of the sign leads its native to assume that no one else can do anything so well, so neatly, and so methodically as himself, and he is therefore reluctant to deputize work to others, and if forced to do so insists on interfering with detailed instructions as to the exact methods to be employed." (Vivian E. Robson, Astrology and Sex, pg 36-37) But, their good and pedantic work, "unburdened” with abstract male thinking about a higher meaning of the work itself, and also “unburdened” with the emotional empathy of those who need the results of that work very much, leads the Alpids into temptation to take work as the end in itself and to completely neglect its products, making them useless. If their hearts were motivated by a true unselfish love, then Alpids would understand that there is a need in life to activate both male and female types of intelligence, but without love they are not stimulated to recognize such a need and to put their abilities in motion. The absence of female emotional and male abstract intelligence became most obvious in Nazi and even in communist architecture, both of which are considered to be cold and sterile (Adolf Hitler took ancient Roman architecture as a model for nazi architecture). Astrologer Maja Lončarić writes about Virgo: "Virgo’s practical nature is being realized to the disadvantage of aesthetics." (Astrology – Stars Talk, pg 56) 214 Astrologer Charles Carter says about Virgo’s handwriting: "Virgo often affects archaic formations and abbreviations, and is sometimes crabbed." (Charles, E.O. Carter, Encyclopedia of Psychological Astrology, pg 91) An expressive use of coinage is exactly the characteristic of the German language, and a tendency for using abbreviations was revealed as a special characteristic of Alpids during nazism, as well as a special characteristic of their Baltic brothers during Stalinism. Professor Victor Klemperer, a Jew who successfully avoided deportation in nazi Germany due to his marriage with an Aryan women, in his diary published under the title ”LTI – The Language of the Third Reich: A Philologist’s Notebook”, described a degradation of German language under the influence of Nazi ideology. He said the following about the use of abbreviations: "If I now ask myself, whether and why an abbreviation has to be classified among pronounced attributes of LTI, the answer is obvious. None of the previous language styles used these forms so tirelessly as the German language of Hitler's time did. Modern abbreviations occur in places where technology and organization are highly developed. And Nazism, according to its pretensions towards totality, imbues absolutely everything with technology and organization. Therefrom come huge quantities of its abbreviations. This is so because it also tries to conquer the whole inner life, led by 215 the very same pretensions to totality." (Victor Klemperer, The Truth About Nazi Language, pg 116-117) In George Orwell’s novel 1984 we find an explanation of the phenomenon of abbreviations in terms of the psychology that undoubtedly corresponds to the Alpids: "Countless other words such as honour, justice, morality, internationalism, democracy, science, and religion had simply ceased to exist. A few blanket words covered them, and, in covering them, abolished them. ... The name of every organization, or body of people, or doctrine, or country, or institution, or public building, was invariably cut down into the familiar shape; that is, a single easily pronounced word with the smallest number of syllables that would preserve the original derivation. In the Ministry of Truth, for example, the Records Department, in which Winston Smith worked, was called Recdep, the Fiction Department was called Ficdep, the Teleprogrammes Department was called Teledep, and so on. This was not done solely with the object of saving time. Even in the early decades of the twentieth century, telescoped words and phrases had been one of the characteristic features of political language; and it had been noticed that the tendency to use abbreviations of this kind was most marked in totalitarian countries and totalitarian organizations. Examples were such words as Nazi, Gestapo, Comintern, Inprecorr, Agitprop. In the beginning the practice had been adopted as it were instinctively, but in Newspeak it was used with a conscious purpose. It was perceived that in thus abbreviating a name one narrowed and subtly altered its meaning, by cutting out most of the associations that would otherwise cling to it. The words Communist International, for instance, call up a composite picture of universal human brotherhood, red flags, barricades, Karl Marx, and the Paris Commune. The word Comintern, on the other hand, suggests merely a tightly-knit organization and a well-defined body of 216 doctrine. It refers to something almost as easily recognized, and as limited in purpose, as a chair or a table. Comintern is a word that can be uttered almost without taking thought, whereas Communist International is a phrase over which one is obliged to linger at least momentarily. ... And this was exactly what was aimed at. The intention was to make speech, and especially speech on any subject not ideologically neutral, as nearly as possible independent of consciousness. For the purposes of everyday life it was no doubt necessary, or sometimes necessary, to reflect before speaking, but a Party member called upon to make a political or ethical judgement should be able to spray forth the correct opinions as automatically as a machine gun spraying forth bullets. ... Each reduction was a gain, since the smaller the area of choice, the smaller the temptation to take thought. Ultimately it was hoped to make articulate speech issue from the larynx without involving the higher brain centres at all. This aim was frankly admitted in the Newspeak word duckspeak, meaning ’to quack like a duck’." (George Orwell, Nineteen eighty-four, pg 308, 310-311) The tendency towards coinage and abbreviations in speech implies degradation of speech to an utterly pragmatic purpose of clear and simple communication, to the disadvantage of the artistic beauty of a language, which reveals lack of contents to be conveyed in communication by the beauty of words. Such a mentality, void of sentimentality and abstraction, shows a perfect mentality of a soldier, who without question or second thought obeys the commands of his superiors. The secret of the great success of the Roman legions and Nazi soldiers in World War II probably has some common causes. Due to reduced level of sex hormones, the Alpids are characterized by the temptation of melancholic temper, which – if not defeated by a mature reaction of will, forms the character of 217 Virgo, unlike their close brothers, Mongols, who due to the enhanced level of female hormones are characterized by their temptation of phlegmatic temper, which forms the character of Cancer if it is not defeated. A sanguine character corresponds to a relatively balanced temper of Gemini (Nordids), while a choleric temper matches enhanced male hormones in Aries (Dinarids), Leo (Atlanto-Mediterranids) and Sagittarius (Cro-Magnon and NiloSaharians). Regardless of natural temptations which come from our hormonal balance or imbalance, if we are driven by unselfish kindness, we will recognize the real needs of life and because of our abilities which definitely exceed our bare existential needs, we will be able to contribute to their fulfillment. The problem of absence of healthy motivation is greater than a natural psychophysical lack of talent for a certain occupation. Although by nature deprived of pronounced emotional and abstract intelligence, an Alpid can be a successful parent and a politically responsible citizen, if he/she is driven by the motive of unselfish kindness. High emotional and abstract intelligence in other populations only gives a minor practical contribution to family and society, for they become abused for personal satisfaction in most \ cases, to the detriment of the real needs of family and society. The very nations which are known to possess the liveliest temperament, quickest metabolism and the greatest physical abilities for work show the greatest laziness, not living up to their potential, while those who are slowest and physically least developed show the most diligent, conscientious and meticulous working character. Due to lack of high emotional and abstract intelligence, the Alpid type is free of many temptations which are typical of other populations, but they have a temptation to enjoy the feeling of their own self-righteousness instead, alongside its “Gestapo-like” side effects. It is very easy for Alpids to be “virginally” moral when they barely have other sources of satisfaction at their disposal, except 218 their own moral correctness. Still, what they do not have in their own nature, they can find in their surroundings. Even a naturally cold person can enjoy their feelings if they are provoked by external triggers, by alcohol or by the abuse of music. Consumption of tasty food (especially sweets), besides sensual pleasure, induces pleasant sensations which can also be abused in order to suffocate the awareness of inner emptiness. It means that external factors can play a significant role in suppression or arousal of different mechanisms in the same people. A peaceful life in economic welfare and great stress, created by imperilment of Alpids’ awareness of personal property, can cause various reactions of the one and the same human nature, and activate its different mechanisms. While the Great Depression after World War I represented a temptation for the Alpid type in Germany and Austria to escalate authoritarianism through Nazism, the economic revival after World War II brought a partial transformation of the Alpid character towards their close genetic brothers who will be the subject of our next chapter. If those who are emotionally cold try to compensate for their absence of love by provoking feelings instead of changing the motives and the character traits that are hidden behind these feelings, they fall into temptation which is typical for a description of Cancer. CANCER – THE MONGOLIAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPE In the astrological description of Cancer’s physical appearance given by astrologer A. Imširagić, we read that Cancer is characterized by "small, deeply set eyes" which "can be leaned downward in outer corners" and "a flattish, round face". Nose is "low, flattish and undistinguished", and sometimes "delicate and snub as in a child". Hands are "little" and palms are "short" (A. Imširagić, The Wheel of Destiny, pg 369-372). According to astrologer M. Dupor, Cancer has "watery eyes" (Astromedicine, pg 30) and "cat-like look" (Do not believe it, check it out, pg 70). Charles Carter says for Cancer´s eyes: "The eyes are commonly 219 small and deep." (Charles Carter, The principles of Astrology, pg 165) According to astrologer Linda Goodman, Cancer is characterized by: "A round face, ... babyface looks. ... A pretty big skull, raised eyebrows and high cheekbones. The lower jaw is also prominent. Eyes are small and the distance between the eyes is usually very big, shoulders are more broad than average" (134-135). By the authority of The Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Cancer can be described as follows: "A shorter stature, a bit fleshy, corpulent figure, the upper-body part is bigger than the lower one, a round chubby face, usually accentuated or even protruding forehead around temples, a pale complexion, small, often lit eyes and a short, slightly snub nose" (The Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 53). All of the above mentioned attributes of Cancer correspond to the description of the Yellow race, as describes by anthropologists: "The main features of this big racial group are: a flat nose on a pretty broad face, protuberant cheekbones and unprominent chin, rough, bristly hair, dark complexion, yellowish color of the skin and so called Mongolian eyes" (Branimir Maleš, On Human Races, pg 22). "Mongols (so called Yellow race) have yellowish-brown skin pigmentation, weak facial and body hair, straight, harsh, black or dark brown hair, broad constitution, big head, nose that is weakly prominent, facial bones strongly prominent, and a gap between their eyebrows is placed at an angle (so called Mongolian fold)." (An Encyclopedia of the Lexicographic Institute, Tome V, pg 392) In Yellow race, which corresponds to Cancer, we can also include one branch of the Finno-Ugric – the Baltids (the Eastern Europids), which, since being mixed a great deal with the Mongols and the Nordids in the area of East Europe, embraced some of their psychological and physical attributes. Anthropologist Branimir Maleš delineates them as follows: 220 "Sizable bones, a short, stocky stature (165 cm) and a light complexion distinguish them from other races. Torso is long and limbs are proportionally short. Shoulders are broad. Constitution is digestive. Skin is more pale than pinkish-white. Gray or grayish-blue eyes appear to be somewhat watery. Gap between eyelids is pretty narrow, which makes the eyes look small. Sometimes a semi-mongolian form of the eyelids can also be found. Distance between the eyes is big. Face is broad, pretty flat and, due to developed and protuberant cheekbones, appears to be rough and rectangular. Nose is fleshy, flat and short. Its lower part is snub. The Eastern Europids are characterized by a round head and face, as well as by dark blonde hair.” (Branimir Maleš, On Human Races, pg 26-27) Besides a general congruence of the look of Cancer and the look of the representatives of the Yellow race, there is also a parallel with their proneness towards obesity, which is an adaptive attribute of survival of the Yellow race in cold climate conditions. Astrologer Charles Carter writes about Cancer’s obesity: "Cancer and Pisces are often flabbily fat." (Charles, E.O. Carter, An Encyclopedia of the Psychological Astrology, pg 135) Anthropologist Arthur de Gobineau writes about the Yellow race: 221 "A tendency to obesity is not precisely a specific feature, but it is more often met with among the yellow races than among any others. ... In muscular vigor ... they are greatly inferior to the black." (Arthur Gobineau, The Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races, pg 449) Adaptation to the polar climate can be seen in their strong attachment to their house as a source of protection against external frost. In relation to Cancer, astrologers say: "Cancers consider the value of home as the first condition of happiness and the place they can always hide in before life’s misfortunes, like a child on a mother’s lap, or like an animal hiding under its shield when it senses danger." (Maja Lončarić, Astrology – The Stars Talk, pg 36) Another adaptive attribute of the Yellow race for the cold (polar) climate is their psychological need to make reserves, which enables them to timely collect food reserved for the period of poverty. In its perversion, that instinct is manifested through the need for gathering, possessing and keeping unnecessary things, through buying things only in order to have them instead of using them, etc. The astrologers recognize this inclination as one of Cancer’s characteristics: "They like to collect things." (Nikola Ogrizović, Astrology, pg 6) "He's always piling up tangibles against some imaginary future disaster... They have this little habit of saving things... Cancerians seldom collect cash for status. They collect it for its own sweet sake... Saving will be substantially more attractive to him than spending." (Linda Goodman, pg 139, 157, 145) *** According to astrologers, the planetary ruler of Cancer is the Moon. Consequently, astrologers conclude that the reason why some people are “roundish” (with a stocky figure and round head) is that they were influenced by the Moon – which is round, and not due to the adaptation to the cold climate conditions, which requires a reduced body surface for decreasing body heat and moisture loss. Based on personal experience, astrologers noticed that persons with “roundish” figure also have short stature 222 and a possessive disposition, which certainly cannot be associated with the shape of the Moon, but with another Yellow race’s adaptive attributes for the polar climate. However, astrologers also assigned love of water to those who were born under the influence of the Moon. They did not come to that conclusion on the basis of experience, but on the basis of logic of astrological superstition: they found that there was a correlation between the Moon which attracted water (the phenomenon of tide), and the persons born under its influence, who were thus supposed to love all the activities related to water (swimming, diving). Still, those people who are adapted to the polar climate due to their round head and stocky figure have a genetically inborn fear to get into water, because in polar conditions it can cause death by instant freezing. Hence, the authenticity of astrological guessing lies only in their reliance on real anthropological experience, which recognizes the characteristics that are inherited together within the same type of people, and not in their reliance on the constellation shape or on the looks of the celestial body under which someone was born. *** Possessiveness can be targeted not only towards things, but also towards living beings: "Cancer will never relinquish a treasured object, and that can range all the way from a beloved friend or relative to a title or a position-from an old tintype photo to a pair of frazzled house slippers, with the soles half worn away. His moods are the meanest when he's the most afraid of losing something. Maybe it's you. Reassure him you're his a thousand and one times. ... She's not so much jealous as possessive. ... Worry and apprehension can make him ill... Often, he fears financial collapse or the loss of someone he needs emotionally. If his security is threatened, either at the bank or in his heart, he can fall into a depression which unconsciously courts sickness or accident." (Linda Goodman, pg 136, 140, 144, 157) "The love of home and possessions turns into greed, a grasping nature, an inability to let go of desire to cherish and protect others. It is self-sacrificing, and seeks little in return for the affection it pours out upon others." (Vivian E. Robson, Astrology and Sex, pg 32) The Mongols revealed their possessiveness to the maximum stages during the plundering campaigns, while during the periods of peace and welfare that characteristic was directed towards living beings, especially those who by their nature aroused pleasant feelings (small children, animals). Proneness to sentimentality is the 223 consequence of female hormones surplus in Mongols. Astrologers think that Cancer is characterized by pronounced feminine attributes even in its male sex: “There's a strong maternal instinct in both sexes. Cancerians are all mothers at heart. Even the men. Cancer rules motherhood.. Your male Cancer employee loves babies, children, women. He's sensitive, responsive to kindness, responsible and extremely capable.“ (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 141, 149, 158, 177, 144). "Man stays closely attached to his mother during his whole life, he gladly withdraws into the past, frightened of the future. The presence of a woman is of an essential significance to him, no matter whether she is his mother, sister, wife or girlfriend. That is why among Cancers there are so many henpecked husbands who are under their wives influence.” (Maja Lončarić, Astrology – The Stars Talk, pg 37) Anthropologists noticed that the Yellow race had the very same characteristic: "Alpids, for instance, are closer to eurosomatic and feminine vector, while Mediterranids and Atlantids are closer to leptosomatic and masculine vector. So it is theoretically possible for every sub-race or type to have masculinity or femininity and a leptosomatic or an eurosomatic vector as a “racial mark”. The Yellow race is, in general, more eurosomatic and "feminine" than the Blacks. For example, among representatives of the Yellow race, Paleo-Mongoloids are more feminine and eurosomatic than Sinids." (Božo Škerlj, A General Anthropology, pg 89) As today’s Russians are a mixture of Nordic Slavs and aboriginals with Finno-Ugric origin and later Mongolian invaders, it is quite normal to assume that femininity could also be a trait of their mentality. In various writings of Russian authors and philosophers we read the following acknowledgment: 224 "Sometimes they say that Russian populace has the feminine nature." (Nikolai Lossky, Phenomenology of Russian Soul, pg 50) "The Russian people does not want to be a masculine builder, its nature defines itself as feminine, passive and submissive in matters of state, it always awaits a bridegroom, a man, a ruler. Russia -- is a land submissive and feminine. The passive, the receptive femininity in regard to the state power -- is so characteristic for both the Russian people and for Russian history. There are no limits to the humble endurance of the muchsuffering Russian people. The state ruling authority always was an external, and not an inward principle for the nonstatist Russian people; it was not created by it, but the rather came as it were from the outside, like a bridegroom to the bride. The Russian people has always loved to live in the warmth of the collective, a sort of dissolving back into the element of earth, into the bosom of the mother. Knightly chivalry forges a sense of personal worth and honour, it creates the tempering of the person. This personal tempering has not been created over the span of Russian history. In Russian man there is a softness, in the Russian face there is no sharply distinct profile. Tolstoy's Platon Karataev -- is rounded in features. Russian anarchism -- is feminine, and not masculine, is passive, not active. The Russian nonstatism -- is not a conquering of freedom for oneself, but the rather a surrendering of oneself, a freedom from activity. The Russian people desires to be of the earth, like a bride awaiting a man." (Nikolai Berdyaev, "Sud'ba Rossii" ["The Fate of Russia"], -- Moscow, G. A. Leman and C. I. Sakharov, 1918, 240 p) As we can observe, the word here is about a population with expressive feminine attributes, which falls into the temptation to shift responsibility for its own viewpoints and behavior to the 225 authority of a man, which is in this case represented by a state authority. Renunciation of responsibility and an authoritarian tendency that induce peoples of the East to make someone else think and decide instead of themselves, maybe was best depicted by Nikolai Berdyaev, who compared the characters of Russians and Germans: "A German feels that Germany will not save him, that he must save Germany. A Russian thinks that it is not he who will save Russia, but Russia will save him. A Russian man never feels like an organizer. He is used to being organized by others. Even in this terrible war (The First World War), when the Russian country is in a danger, it is hard to make a Russian man be aware of that danger, to arouse his sense of responsibility for his fatherland's destiny, or to provoke an effort of energy." (Nikolai Berdyaev, On the Predominance of Space Over a Russian Soul, Phenomenology of Russian Soul, pg 25-26) Renunciation of responsibility and its shift towards a higher authority were revealed even through an authoritarian relation of a Russian national towards bad weather conditions: "Subservience of Russian peasant during XVIII and XIX century, demonstrated during bad weather and thunder, is especially surprising. Bolotov mentions a widespread belief that 'a tree splintered by a thunder should not be use for any purpose, and a house ignited by a thunder should not be put out'. Dalj also notices the following psychological arguments: 'Putting out God's fire is a sin'. ... They do not put out the fire but they go around it with icons they place in corners. ... That docility was apparently so strong that Dalj noticed a paradox in their relationship to fire protection devices: 'To keep fire protection devices in proper operating condition - means to tempt God.'" (Leonid Milov, "Natural Climate Factor in the Mentality of the Russian Peasantry" Phenomenology of Russian Soul, pg 149-150) 226 Unlike blood type A, typical for the Finno-Ugric and the Nordids, blood type B is typical for the Mongols The examples of indifference of the people of the East towards authoritarian and often senseless acts of their rulers are astonishing. Turkmenistan’s ex-president - Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov (February 19, 1940 – December 21, 2006) was famous by his tendency to force his personal eccentricities to the entire Turkmen nation. He called himself "Turkmenbashi", which meant "the Father of All Turkmen". He also changed the name of the town of Krasnovodsk into Turkmenbashi. He did the same with several schools, airports, and even with one passing meteorite, all of which he changed to his name and the names of his closest family members. He renamed January after his official name as well – Turkmenbashi. Both the Turkmen words for bread - “chorek” and the month of April were in changed in 2002, to the name of his late mother, Gurbansoltanedzhe. Statues of himself and his mother are located throughout Turkmenistan. A great number of alcoholic 227 drinks, some brands of tea and some food products carried labels with his portrait. Except the streets that bore his name, all other streets were marked with numbers. His statement: “I'm personally against seeing my pictures and statues in the streets - but that's what the people want” is well known. Foreigners were forbidden to appear in public after 11pm. He pronounced “The Melon Day” as a national holiday. When forced to quit smoking due to a heart operation in 1997, he forbade smoking in all public places by a decree. By another decree, he banned news anchors from wearing makeup, with a mindless excuse that he found it hard to differentiate between men and women. He banned youngsters from wearing golden teeth, advising them to nibble on bones as much as possible in order to preserve the health of their teeth. He also banned key copying, karaoke, etc. He brought out a decree which obliged doctors to take an oath to Saparmurat Niyazov, instead of taking the Hypocrite's Oath. He re-defined age limits, so that people were considered juvenile until they were 25, youth was limited to the age of 37, and old age was beginning in 85. The authoritarian spirit of the people of the East results in absence of political responsibility, and their cowardly submission to someone who is, at a certain moment, at a higher position of social power. A well-known Russian thinker Vladimir Solovyov (1853 1900) wrote about the mentality of the East: "In the East, political struggle could only be an accidental phenomenon, because of the mental make-up and the world view of the peoples living there. Oriental man, a quietist and fatalist by nature and conviction, interested chiefly in the eternal and unchangeable aspect of existence, is incapable of 228 standing on his rights and stubbornly fighting for his private interests. He who is strong has the right, and it is madness to oppose the strong. Oriental potentates may rival each other and struggle against each other, but this struggle is of short duration and does not change the general situation. The issue is decided at the first sign that one side has superior strength, and the subjects hasten to subordinate themselves to the stronger side, seeing in it an instrument of fate or of the higher will. Hence the frequent change of despotic regimes, with the despotism itself remaining unaltered." (Sergej Utechin, Russian political thought, 170-171) We should notice a parallel between the descriptions of the authoritarianism of the people of the East given above, and the astrological description of Cancer’s character: "Cancers easily come under somebody else’s influence; they give in excessively and are adaptable against their own will. Since they give in excessively, they change their mood in accordance with the weather and the Moon, thus their character is just a summary of experiences. They know the instinct of the masses and they will be the first to run away when it comes to danger, yielding, "let it be as you wish", adaptable to various circumstances and people. Towards older people, they are obedient or rather subordinated and willing to accept suggestions. They fulfill their social duties, but they are not that reliable when in danger. Verbally, they promise everything, but when comes to owning up to it, they change their minds because they succumb to suggestions, feeling an obligation to a general cause. Virtues: they respect older people. Faults: under pressure, they have the same beliefs as the majority, prejudices, traditions, "let it be". Advice: children should be raised to make decisions on their own, to withstand external influences and to endure any danger. Cancer is Cancer; they follow the masses." (M. Dupor, Do not believe it, check it out, pg 70-72) 229 "They are susceptible to influence of others, as well as to prejudices and sentimentality. They quickly assume the characteristics of those with whom they are close to, or depend a lot upon the opinion of their environment." (Vesna Bantić, Stars and Health, pg 28) We will find out why the representatives of the Yellow race are prone to falling under the influence of other people, if we notice the peculiarity of their feelings. Astrologers describe the Cancer psychological type as follows: "Many moods... changing emotions. The Cancerian remains the same person through all his fluctuating highs and lows... Do you know someone who sometimes cackles wildly, then weeps despondently... His active imagination can be morbid enough to turn a minor illness into a grave or chronic one. Patriotic to the core. The Cancerian loves his home with a respect bordering on reverence." (Linda Goodman, pg 132138) Anthropologists describe the psychological type of Yellow race by the same attributes: "The Easteuropid race differs from the Alpine race in the psychological sense. A spiritual life of the Easteuropid is unbalanced, he is uneasy in his feelings. In one moment he is deeply happy, but in another he is fanatically enthusiastic or even wild. His imagination is endless. His feelings are permeated with certain mysticism. His love for his native inhabitant is strong. There is a need for being guided, and also for expression of his spiritual moods." (B. Maleš, On Human Races, pg 37) Although in times of welfare, the emotional warmth of a person of the East is often being wrongly defined as love, as during stressful times it discloses its true face and shows that in effect it is not love, but a sentimental weakness. Unlike true love, which is characterized by stability on all occasions, selfish sentimentality leads people from fanatic exaltedness to deep depression, depending 230 on their momentary experience of reality. To avoid falling into depression, representatives of Yellow race constantly try to imitate pleasant feelings, regardless of whether they correspond to reality or not. There from, we can often see a smile on their face even when the current situation does not warrant smiling. Astrologer Linda Goodman writes: "In his life-of-the-party mood, you'll have no trouble finding the Cancerian. He'll be the funniest one in the room, a laugh a minute... Lunar humor runs deep." (Sun Signs, pg 133) According to astrologer Charles Carter, Cancer is characterized by "kindly and sympathetic smile" (Charles Carter, The principles of Astrology, pg 165). According to anthropologists "a smile" is a typical feature of the Yellow race: "A mute smiling grimace of the Mongol of Central Asia, will not only be the result of the upbringing in an environment and culture which are strange and distant to us – as many may think. That distinctive grin we can see not only see in Central Asian Mongol people, but also in Chinese, Japanese, Kalmyks and Kavkazian Mongoloids." (Vladimir Dvorniković. Characterology of the Yugoslavs, pg 180). By astrologer Linda Goodman’s comment, we can notice that their smile actually represents a defense mechanism: "His fears are usually well covered by the nutty lunar humor, but they are always with him, haunting his days and nights with a vague sense of nameless dangers, lurking in the shadows." (Sun Signs, pg 133) In order to avoid a confrontation with reality, the psychological type of Cancer, i.e. a typical Yellow race representative, uses psychological tricks and personal defense mechanisms (rationalization, renunciation, principle of reverse behavior), which frequently have the form of religion. In the book "Meditation", written by an eastern guru Sri Chinmoy, we see an example of such a mechanism: "We will consciously serve each person precisely because we know and feel that God is inside him. If we do not see God, truth, or light in our action, then our physical mind may not be convinced of the value of the things that we are doing. Today we will serve someone and tomorrow we will say, 231 "Oh, he is such a fool! He has no aspiration, no good qualities! Why should I serve him?" ... Right now you have boundless love for your child. But after you have meditated for a few years, you will have even more love for your child, because you will feel the presence of God inside him. Right now you do not feel the presence of God inside your child all the time. If he is naughty or if he breaks something, then you do not think that God is operating inside him. At that time you are exasperated and you say, "No, no, this is not God; this is the devil incarnate." But there will come a time when you will see God inside your son all the time, no matter what he does or what he says." (Sri Chinmoy, Meditation, pg 199, 142) Since we are not able to love themselves and other people as they really are (often very sinful and guilty) by our selfish love, we try to justify these people and create images of them in his mind so that they do not represent a temptation for our undefeated character weaknesses. However, by avoiding negative thoughts and feelings, we do not remove the evil from our hearts, but only the motives for its manifestation. Due to its own immaturity and fear of facing the feelings that correspond to reality, such a character forms insincere relations among people and pretended friendships. Russian philosopher Nikolai Lossky writes: "Kindness of a Russian man sometimes induces him to lie not wishing to offend his collocutor, due to a wish for peace, good relationships with people at every cost." (Nikolai Lossky, Phenomenology of Russian Soul, pg 55) Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky also writes about the same weakness of Russian people: "The vast majority of our lies are told for the sake of sociability. One wants to produce an aesthetic impression on the listener, to make him feel good, and so people lie, even sacrificing themselves to the listener, to the listener, so to say." (Fyodor Dostoyevsky, A Writer's Diary: 1873-1876, pg 269) 232 The Easterners do not only have immature relationships with other people, but also towards themselves. This is noticeable in their inability to face responsibility for their actions, because the feeling of guilt spoils their feelings and disturbs their false sense of peace: "What is the real reason for unrest, agitation and lack of peace in society? lt is because of our bad thoughts. ... Never call yourself a sinner born in sin, bred in sin and engaged in sin." (Sathya Sai Baba, A Compendium of the Teachings of Sri Sathya Sai Baba, pg 59, 552) By creating feelings that are not in sync with reality, an Easterner runs away from reality into their own imaginary world, afraid of the voice of their own conscience and of stressing circumstances which threaten their artificial peace. "These are two characteristics that are of great importance, one being the fear of ridicule, and the other the hatred of 233 criticism, both of which, and especially the latter, deeply affect married life. ... The only way to get on with an undeveloped or afflicted Cancer type is to praise and flatter him on every possible occasion and never by any chance to say a word that could be twisted into the semblance of blame or criticism. ... A chance word of criticism will entail hours of work on the part of Cancer to worry or cajole the unfortunate critic into a recantation." (Vivian E. Robson, Astrology and Sex, pg 32-33) Such a fear of a criticism is the foundation of the Easterners’ totalitarianism, because in order to preserve their artificial peace, they seek ideological and political protection in a totalitarian regime. They seek ideological (or religious) protection because of their conscience, and political one because of external security from those that would bring an unwelcome expose of their delusions. They calm their conscience by excuses which cannot stand the criticism of common sense, and that is why they need to put them in a form of ideological and cultural values, which environment would be a blasphemy to call into question. A powerful political authority serves to protect them from “enemies” that disturb the peace of their lulled conscience by a rational unmasking of their misconceptions. Due to selfish dependence on feelings, an Easterner is not ready to face injustice, to call it by its real name and to confront it. Instead, the Easterner shows the weaknesses of treachery and cowardice under pressure from unjust authority. In his book "The Races of Man", anthropologist Joseph Deniker says that Asian people are characterized by "dissimulation, hypocrisy, and perfidy" (pg 400). Let us try to understand how a representative of such mentality might be easily led into evil, just because of their unconquered cowardice. It is thought that between 10 and 20 million people lost their lives under Stalin’s dictatorship. In the paranoid atmosphere of his dictatorship, an innocent man could be proclaimed as a dissident and deported to Siberia out of the most senseless reasons. It also happens that his wife might have kept her 234 job without any serious problems with the authorities. Her colleagues, friends and relatives knew her husband was innocent, and since they are very conscientious, they felt the need to rise up in defense of the unjustly sentenced. But, because they were scared, they did not have the strength to confront the injustice. Their cowardice led them to a difficult conflict with their conscience. Finally, in order to relieve their tension, they did their best to assure themselves that the innocent man was not innocent after all, that the authorities knew what they are doing, that they were not called to investigate the case, etc. But, the delusion of their unclean conscience would not stop at that point. To suffocate awareness of their sin, they began to pathologically hate the person they had considered for innocent until recently. Since they did not have any reasonable arguments, the hatred and absurdness of a deranged mind were the only argument they still had against the unjustly sentenced. Soon, the dissident’s wife started being harassed at work, she experienced contempt from her friends and relatives, and suffered more under the hands of her former friends and colleagues, than of Stalin’s tyrannical regime itself. People who are not prone to hatred, who are quiet and fearful by the nature, can become filled with paranoid doubt or pathological hatred, only to calm the voice of their conscience which reminds them that they wronged somebody, due to their decision to sacrifice the principles of honesty and justice out of cowardice. As much as they are blind for the evil of those who are on higher positions of power than themselves, that much they have the need to imagine evil in those who are on lower hierarchical level than them, because of their own unclean conscience. About the zodiacal sign of Cancer, astrologers say: "The crab has a multitude of fears, both real and imaginary. They form a complicated network of nagging self-doubts and feelings of inadequacy, which authority and leadership will ease the way novocaine dulls pain." (Linda Goodman, pg 173) 235 In the book "The Gulag Archipelago" written by Russian dissident Aleksandar Solzhenitsyn, we read that in times of Stalin’s dictatorship, fear and doubt filled all spheres of private and social life. A handshake in a street would be a risk to your life if the next day a person you shook hands with was declared an enemy of the state. And why would they be accused? Because they might have praised American technology, or because they turned off the radio in their room while it was broadcasting endless songs about Stalin. "If a young girl sent into the fields to get a few ears of grain took along two friends for company (“an organized gang”) or some twelveyear-old youngsters went after cucumbers or apples, they were liable to get twenty years in camp." (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago I, pg 79). A great number of foreigners from different countries, enthusiastic about the idea of Soviet Communism, came to USSR just to be accused of espionage and then vanished into thin air. Many Russian prisoners shared the same destiny when they came home from German concentration camps soon after the Second World War ended. Another impeding circumstance was if they had been set free from these camps by Allied troops, instead of Soviet ones. "Soviet employees of the Chinese Eastern Railroad, the KVZhD, were one and all arrested as Japanese spies, including the wives, children, and grandmothers." (Ibid, pg 66). "Six geologists, (the Kotovich group) were sentenced to ten years under 58-7 'for intentionally concealing reserves of tin ore in underground sites in anticipation of the arrival of the Germans´. In other words, they had failed to find the deposits." (Ibid, pg 64) They were all sentenced to ten years in prison. A plumber turned off the loudspeaker in his room every time the endless letters to Stalin were being read. (Every day for hours on the radio). His next-door neighbor denounced him. He got 'Socially Dangerous Element'; eight years. "An 236 electrician had a high-tension line break in his sector: Twenty Years." "A student's denunciation that a certain lecturer in a higher educational institution kept citing Lenin and Marx frequently but Stalin not at all was all that was needed for the lecturer not to show up for lectures any more." (Ibid, pg 67) There was a notion of "wrecker" for those sacrificial lambs who were to blame for all failures and omissions of Soviet authorities. "The Sentinel of the Revolution narrowed its eyes with even greater vigilance — and wherever it directed its narrowed gaze it immediately discovered a nest of wreckers. This therapy continued full speed from 1927 on, and immediately exposed to the proletariat all the causes of our economic failures and shortages. There was wrecking in the People's Commissariat of Railroads — that was why it was hard to get aboard a train, why there were interruptions in supplies. There was wrecking in the Moscow Electric Power System — and interruptions in power. There was wrecking in the oil industry — hence the shortage of kerosene. There was wrecking in textiles — hence nothing for a workingman to wear. In the coal industry there was colossal wrecking-hence no heat! In the metallurgy, defence, machinery, shipbuilding, chemical, mining, gold and platinum industries, in irrigation, everywhere there were pus-filled boils of wrecking! Enemies with slide rules were on all sides. The GPU puffed and panted in its efforts to grab off and drag off the "wreckers". In the capitals and in the provinces, GPU collegiums and proletarian courts kept hard at work, sifting through this viscous sewage, and every day the workers gasped to learn (and sometimes they didn't learn) from the papers of new vile deeds." (Ibid, pg 45) "Nikolai Karlovich von Meck, of the People's Commissariat of Railroads, pretended to be terribly devoted to the development of the new economy, and would hold forth for 237 hours on end about the economic problems involved in the construction of socialism, and he loved to give advice. One such pernicious piece of advice was to increase the size of freight trains and not worry about heavier than average loads. The GPU exposed von Meck, and he was shot: his objective had been to wear out rails and roadbeds, freight cars and locomotives, so as to leave the Republic without railroads in case of foreign military intervention! When, not long afterward, the new People's Commissar of Railroads, Comrade Kaganovich, ordered that the average loads should be increased, and even doubled and tripled them (and for this discovery received the Order of Lenin along with others of our leaders) -- the malicious engineers who protested became known as limiters. They raised the outcry that this was too much, and would result in the breakdown of the rolling stock, and they were rightly shot for their lack of faith in the possibilities of socialist transport." (Ibid, pg 46) "Therefore, before the court verdict, the workers and employees wrathfully voted for the death penalty for the scoundrels on trial. And by the time of the Promparty trial, there were universal meetings and demonstrations (including even schoolchildren). It was the newspaper march of millions, and the roar rose outside the windows of the courtroom: "Death! Death! Death!" ... So far as we know, the gray-mustached working class approved these executions. So far as we know, from the blazing Komsomols right up to the Party leaders and the legendary army commanders, the entire vanguard waxed unanimous in approving these executions. Famous revolutionaries, theoreticians, and prophets, seven years before their own inglorious destruction, welcomed the roar of the crowd, not guessing then their own time stood on the threshold, that soon their own names would be dragged down in that roar of "Scum!" "Filth!"" (Ibid, pg 48-49) 238 We can see how dangerous it can be to deceive ourselves and to proclaim the power, which represents sentimental weakness and cowardice, as love. Nikolai Berdyaev rightfully concludes: "And the most deeply innate sin of Slavophilism was in this, that they mistook the natural-historical features of the Russian element to be Christian virtues." (Nikolai Berdyaev, The Soul of Russia) The sentimental weakness and cowardice were wrongly interpreted as love and meekness: "They wanted to believe, that in the Russian people lives an all-humanity Christian spirit, and they exalted the Russian people for its humility." (Nikolai Berdyaev, The Soul of Russia) Based on incomprehension of the difference between real love and sentimental weakness, it was wrongly concluded that Russian people have Christ in their hearts: "We hear that the Russian People know the Gospels poorly and that they do not know the fundamental principles of our faith. That's true, of course, but they do know Christ and they have borne Him in their hearts from time immemorial." (Fyodor Dostoyevsky, A Writer's Diary: 1873-1876, pg 164) Russian philosopher Vladimir Kantor writes about how that famous “Russian love” disclosed itself as its exact opposite, exactly at the moment when it was supposed to show its strength through courage, dignity, steadiness, principle and self-sacrifice in times of Stalin’s dictatorship: "Indeed, the writer (Dostoyevsky) eagerly wants to believe that people hold Christ in their hearts, that they will save themselves and Russia. Nevertheless, post-reform "rave", as we know, turned to a terrible and destructive revolution. And what about Christ? They killed each other even without praying. And it turned out that Christ alone - without Christian norms, is not enough, that a habit and a moral life are necessary. But there was no moral life." (Vladimir 239 Kantor, "'Karamazovism' as the Symbol of Russian Whirlwind", Phenomenology of Russian Soul, pg 235) Russian writer Maxim Gorky describes how that Russian good-heartedness transformed into a great evil, even before the Soviet rule: "Let us recall how, in Kiev, Kishinev, and other cities, the good- natured Russian people drove nails into the skulls of Jews; how, in 1906, the workers of Ivanovo-Voznesensk boiled their comrades in cauldrons of scalding water, throwing them in alive; how sadistically gaolers tortured prisoners; how the Black Hundreds tore apart the young female revolutionaries, driving stakes into their sexual organs; let us recall, for a moment, all the bloody shameless deeds of 1906, 1907, 1908. People who had shouted so boastfully and disgustingly that Russia had risen "to liberate Europe from the fetters of a false civilization through the spirit of the true culture" — these people, probably sincere and therefore all the more unfortunate, buttoned their overly eloquent lips in haste and embarrassment. "The spirit of the true culture" turned out to be the stench stench of every kind of ignorance, detestable egotism, rotten laziness and slovenliness. In a country lavishly endowed with natural wealth and talent, complete anarchy in all spheres of culture has surfaced as a result of the country's spiritual destitution." (Maxim Gorky, New Life, No 3, April 21; No 1, April 18; year 1917. pg 13) All those atrocities committed in totalitarian countries by the reigning elite would not be possible if the majority of people did not agree to them by their approval, maybe due to their indifference, but often by their cowardice as well. Even after Stalin, when the atrocities of his dictatorship had become known to the whole world, Russian people did not show any awareness of the need for self-criticism and repentance. They did 240 not even feel the need to put their worst perpetrators to trial. Concerning the fact, Aleksandar Solzhenitsyn wrote in 1980: "Yes, so-and-so many millions did get mowed down -- but no one was to blame for it. And if someone pipes up: "What about those who..." the answer comes from all sides, reproachfully and amicably at first: "What are you talking about, comrade! Why open old wounds?" In that same period, by 1966, eighty-six thousand Nazi criminals had been convicted in West Germany. ... And during the same period, in our own country (according to the reports of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court) about ten men have been convicted. Here is a riddle not for us comtemporaries to figure out: Why is Germany allowed to punish its evildoers and Russia is not? What kind of disastrous path lies ahead of us if we do not have the chance to purge ourselves of that putrefaction rotting inside our body? What, then, can Russia teach the world? In the German trials an astonishing phenomenon takes place from time to time. The defendent clasps his head in his hands, refuses to make any defense, and from then on asks no concessions from the court. He says that the presentation of his crimes, revived and once again confronting him, has filled him with revulsion and he no longer wants to live. That is the ultimate height a trial can attain: when evil is so utterly condemned that even the criminal is revolted by it. A country which has condemned evil 86,000 times from the rostrum of a court and irrevocably condemned it in literature and among its young people, year by year, step by step, is purged of it. What are we to do? Someday our descendants will describe our several generations as generations of driveling donothings. First we submissively allowed them to massacre us by the millions, and then with devoted concern we tended 241 the murderers in their prosperous old age." (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, pg 139-140) Unlike the anthropological types with expressive masculine attributes (the Dinarids, Atlantic Mediterranids and Cro-Magnons) who, due to their pride, arrogance and desire for power, have the temptation of inability to bear injustice committed by authorities meekly, humbly and without hatred, the anthropological types with expressive feminine attributes (the Yellow race), have the temptation to commit injustice to others under pressure of unrighteous authorities, due to their selfishness and cowardice. MODERN WEST UNDER THE MARK OF ANCIENT EAST According to astrologers, America is in the zodiacal sign of Cancer. Studying the early history of America, we can hardly recognize the Cancer attributes in an average American. As the cradle of western democracy and liberty, America is imbued with the spirit of rationality and earthly pragmatism, and that is why it can hardly be represented by the image of a pathetic Cancer or a typical Easterner who lives in his imaginary world, in conflict with the voice of reason, and under the authority of a totalitarian ruler. Nevertheless, if we analyze the rushing tendency of America in the last century and a half, and especially in the last few decades, and if we analyze the basic psychological elements of an average American today, we will be able to firmly declare its degradation towards the Cancer zodiacal sign or, frankly speaking, towards the psychological type of an Easterner. To our even greater regret, America is only the predecessor of degradation of the entire Western civilization. The reasons behind this transformation of the Western civilization towards the East are neither astrological nor mystical, but very simple and logical. Conceited over fruits of the Age of Enlightenment – the great industrial, scientific and social prosperity, the Western civilization in the meantime discarded the fundamental 242 principles of Enlightenment and became addicted to the allures of hedonism. In the interim, the outcomes of hedonism, which can be best seen in Americans, have already shown the primary attributes of Cancer or of the East, which we are going to analyze now. Let us remind ourselves of the smile that the Easterners have on their face in every situation, no matter whether that smile corresponds to reality of life or not. Is such a smile not also a characteristic of the modern culture of the West, especially of America? Let us remind ourselves of the story of the great Russian love that has feelings, but does not present the deeds, exactly when it needs to show by these needs that it is true love. Is such love not the feature of modern, so called Evangelical Protestantism in the West, which preaches Christ’s love, and at the same time thinks that God’s Commandments were repelled on the Cross and as such became not obligatory? Let us remind ourselves of the Easterner who believes that the notions of sin and guilt are the cause of troubles among people. Was it not the same fear of facing the responsibility for their own motives and actions that made Westerners eliminate the notions of sin and guilt from their vocabulary? Did the idea of “disturbing the public”, by which the Eastern people justify abolition of freedom of thought and speech, not resurrect in the West with, a threatening all undesirable critics by accusations of "hate speech"? Let us remind ourselves of Easterners who are not able to love people as they really are, and rather than repenting for their lack of love, they justify and idealize people in their mind in order to become able to love them selfishly. Isn’t such a "love" the characteristic of an average American, who does not fight against racism towards Blacks by repenting for the absence of love, but rather by convincing himself that there are no differences in intelligence and character temptations between various human races? 243 Intoxication with alcohol or meditation, euphemisms and taboos of untouchability, blindness to injustice and over-sensitiveness to justice, liberalism towards sin and totalitarianism towards a sinner, outrageous interference by a state in the private life of every person which destroys human dignity and establishes its totalitarianism ... aren’t they becoming equally strong temptations for both today’s East and West? PISCES – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL MIXTURE OF EASTERN MEDITERRANIDS AND PALEO-MONGOLOIDS According to the traditional astrological opinion, the planet Jupiter reigns both over Sagittarius and Pisces: “Jupiter vlada Strelcem i Ribama, pokrenut vodom” (pg 48). However, after the planet Neptune had been found, the astrologers decided to pronounce it as the ruler of Pisces. The astrological description of the psyche of Sagittarius and Pisces reveals in both types the predominant role of the right hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for apprehension of space, the big picture, imagination, creativity and many others, mainly artistic abilities. The attributes of the newly discovered “ruler” of Pisces – the planet Neptune, point out the psychological specifics differentiate between the Pisces type and the Sagittarius type: "It is the planet of the creative imagination, ranging downwards from the inspirations of the great poets and artists to the terrible and diseased fancies of the criminal and mentally afflicted. It is the planet of pretence and deception, including self-deception; it has a general tendency to make things appear Other than they are, whence its relation to the stage and the films." (Charles E. O. Carter, The Principles of Astrology, pg 57) The sign that represents Pisces may refer to people who are reminiscent of fish by their anthropological appearance, and are as such called by them. It may also refer to people whose occupation is 244 fishing. By the zodiacal sign of Pisces, as we will see shortly, astrologers “cover” both the anthropological populations which are in some cases mixed between themselves into a particular anthropological type. Dagon, half man, half fish, was the supreme god of the ancient Philistines. "Dag" in Semitic languages means "fish". The Philistines (today’s Palestinians) represent one branch of the Pelasgians, the ancient inhabitants of Greece, which experienced exodus from Crete to Hannan, which they named “Palestine”, around XII century BC. “The Pelasgians are the Pre-Hellenic inhabitants of Greece. ... A part of Pelasgian population, during the migration of people living by the seas,, arrived to the area of today’s Palestine (which got its name by them).” (Alemko Gluhak, Croatian Etymology Dictionary, pg 26) “In the oldest history of (Palestinian) countries the most important role was played by the Philistines, in the Egyptian sources called Pelishtim (or Plishtim), where the name of the whole country – Palestine - arose from. They emerged there with the culture of Aegean character.” (Jirzi Neustupny, The Prehistory of Mankind, pg 132) The Pelasgians belong to the bearers of the ancient Minoan culture, and anthropologically they belong to a branch of Mediterranids, which we will call “Eastern Mediterranids” who share with Dinarids the common haplogroup J. However, while Dinarids are characterized by the branch J2a, Pelasgians are characterized by J2 (with no mutations at all). It is the most present in Sephardic Jews (23,8%), Lebanonians (20%), at the areas of 245 central Turkey (17,8%), and south Italy (16,3%) and in French Baskians (13,6%). The branch J2b corresponds to the descendants of the ancient Etrurians. It is present in Kosovar Albanians (16,7%), Albanians in Albania (14,3%), in central-north Italy (9,6%), in Hunza of Pakistan (7,9%), Macedonians (6,3%), inhabitants of Belgrade (5,3%), etc. The fact that Eastern Mediterranids are characterized by HG-J refers to their Egyptian origin. That is also confirmed by the similarity of their skeletons from Crete, from the times of the Minoan culture, and the skeletons of the ancient Egyptians: "The Cretan skulls found at various sites on the island belong to a fairly uniform type; this is a small Mediterranean variety with a mean cranial index of about 72. Metrically, they could fit perfectly into a number of Egyptian collections, from the Naqada predynastic to the Middle Empire. Overall, these Cretan crania are a little smaller, shorter-faced, and less leptorrhine than the majority of the Egyptian series, and show leanings in the direction of the Copper Age skulls from Alishar, and the Early Bronze Age ones from Palestine. The mean type was somewhere between Danubian, Cappadocian, and Egyptian forms." (Carleton S. Coon, The Races of Europe, pg 141) Proto-Egytian origin of the Pelasgians was described by Herodot in V century BC, and also in the Bible where they were represented as descendants of Noah’s grandson, Ham’s son Misraim (Misraim was the name for Egypt). In fact, by Bible genealogy, they originated from Pelistim, one of the descendants of Misraim’s son Casluhim. Their exodus from the island Crete (Caphtor) to the shores of Palestine is also recorded in the Holy Bible: "Have I not brought up Israel from the land of Egypt, and the Philistines from Caphtor?" (Amos 9:7) Anthropological similarity between statues of the ancient Pelasgians and today’s Palestinians is obvious even nowadays, in spite of their great semitization, dinarization, etc. 246 The picture represents the statue of Greek Kora (V century BC) compared with the Palestinian woman Hanna Ashrawi, a famous fighter for the rights of the Palestinian people. Unlike their close brothers, the Dinarids, who have adapted to the highland climate, Mediterranids have adapted to the warm Mediterranean climate. According to Croatian Etymology Dictionary by Alemko Gluhak, the notion “plaza” (beach) is derived from the root of the word “Pelazg” (Pelasgian in English), which meant “plainsman”. The Mediterranids are characterized by HLA-B gen and within it the antigen B35, which is the most present HLA-B antigen in populations of Palestinians (36,4%), Hunza people (40,8%), Kurds (26,3%) and Armenians (25,3%). In Macedonians, HLA-B35 is present with 27,4%, and in Georgians 19,7%. In the entire area of Serbia, antigen HLA-B35 is present in 25,35% of the inhabitants, in Vojvodina 20,2%, and in Kosovo in 23,26% of people. Only in the area of Central Serbia, the presence of Pelasgian antigen HLA-B35 exceeds the presence of Dinaride HLA-B5 antigen. 247 The population with HLA-B35 is characterized by the temptation of the Pisces psychological type, i.e. a proneness to depression and self-pity. In Dalmatia we can hear the songs of their present-day descendants, which contain depressive words: "It doesn’t matter that you left me and caused me pain, it matters that you made my mother cry!” In Italians, a compassionate spirit is woven into the cult of mother and Virgin Mary, so in religion it assumed an important mediator function in the relationship between a sinner and the just God. Their logic is as follows: "If Christ is not willing to forgive (in all likelihood, the un-repented sins), Mary will, and she will persuade Christ to it by her motherly feelings, and then Christ will make the just Father to forgive." When a mother of an Italian dies, he suffers for the rest of his life and the emotional pain is visible on his face. The defense mechanisms of self-pity and crying over oneself can sometimes be found in beggars of Romani origin, who often represent themselves as sad using facial expressions and speaking intonation, and by doing so, they want to show that they are not responsible (guilty) for being in the situation to beg for money. Genetics reveals that the Aztec and Maya Indians and the Ecuadorian group of South American Indians, by a significant percentage, are also of close origin with the ancient Pelasgians, since they are characterized by a high presence of HLA-B35 as well. 248 Their common genetic origin is also followed by some common cultural elements. In his book “The Races of Man” (pg 199), Joseph Deniker says that the game in our country known as “Man, don’t be offended!” existed in Egypt and Palestine under the name of “Tob”, in India under the name of “Pachisi” and in the ancient Precolumbian Mexico under the name of “Patolitzi” (“Patolli”). Scientist William Johnson discovered a great number of common word roots between the Old Egyptian language and the languages of the Aztecs (today’s Nahuatl tribe) and the Mayas, and he published them in several of his works: “Nahuatl and Ancient Egyptian”, “Comparative Maya and Egyptian”, etc. Here are some examples: rain in Nahuatl: QUIAHUITI, in Old Egyptian: HUIT; father in Nahuatl: TATLI, in Old Egyptian: AT; well in Nahuatl: AMELLI, in Old Egyptian: AMAM; river bank in Nahuatl: TENTLI, in Old Egyptian: TENA; snake in Nahuatl: COATL, in Old Egyptian: KHUT; Venus in Nahuatl: TOCHTIL, in Old Egyptian: TCHA; to walk in Nahuatl: PAXA, to walk hastily in Old Egyptian: PAKH. In Nahuatl, beginning is PEHUALTIA, and in Old Egyptian PAU means early time. In the Mayan language, HOM means playground with a ball, while HEM In Old Egyptian means little ball, and so on. The entire population characterized by the psychological type of Pisces is also fond of music with the similar motive noticed in Latin American music (for instance: Mapuche, Mama Juanita, La kookaracha), in Greek music (Ta pedhia tou pirea, Ta lemononadika), in Dalmatian (My good Nono) and partly in our 249 ethnic music (Uzice’s kolo), which aim is to cheer up a sad person, but not to set them free from depression that is the foundation of Pisces philosophy of life. This contradiction between the spirit (motives) and the feelings is noticeable in the fact that such music is often joyful in itself, but its lyrics are extremely depressive. The same motive that characterizes their music is recognizable in their speech. Dinamical letter names of the Phoenician alphabet (aleph, beth, gimel, daleth...) got corresponding melodical names in the Greek alphabet (alpha, beta, gamma, delta...), because the Ancient Greeks were mainly of the Eastern Mediterranean origin, and unlike the Phoenicians (who were mostly of the Semitic origin), they spoke with a melodic accent. Due they generally live in bustling areas, the bearers of the antigen HLA-35 are more than any other anthropological type mixed with people of diverse ancestry. Therefore, we cannot expect to identify their authentic psychophysical distinctions in their purest form so clearly and so often. Astrologers observed that phenomenon and expressed it in the following words, naturally imbued with the logic of their superstition: "The fish is the twelfth sign, a composite of all that's gone before, and his nature is a blend of all the other signs, which is quite a lot to cope with. His surprising ability to organize and concentrate on detail which pops up now and then, as well as his gentleness, reflects his inner knowledge of the lessons of Virgo. His judgment is as fair and detached as that of Libra, and his love of pleasure is also purely Libran. Pisces people have the crazy sense of fun of Cancer, as well as both the Cancerian sympathy and crabbiness. He's often overflowing with Aries idealism and enthusiasm, but usually without the Mars drive. A Pisces person can zip around with Gemini quickness, talk just as fast and think just as cleverly. He can also be as lazy and peaceful as Taurus. He has the clever wit of Mercury and the soft grace of Venus, and he combines it with the mystic penetration of Scorpio, without the Scorpio's ruthlessness." (Linda Goodman, Sun Signs, pg 502-503) 250 Due to mixing with other populations, the psychological type of Pisces, besides the mechanism of self-pity, has the characteristics of those psychological types it is mostly mixed with, and those are mainly the features of Western Mediterranids (Libra), Dinarids (Aries), Semites (Scorpio), Alpids (Virgo) and one particular population that has not been mentioned yet and which is close to Mongols (Cancer), but without their adaptive attributes for the cold climate – the gathering instinct for making food supplies and a prominent motherly instinct. Combined with Atlanto-Mediterranids (Leo), Dinarids (Aries) and Western Mediterranids (Libra), the psychological type of Pisces is inhibited in open expression of its mechanism of self-pity, because it comes in conflict with the character of triumph, arrogance and pride. Men yearning for power, who are proud and vain, naturally feel humiliated when they face the idea of being miserable, so that their mechanism of self-pity and weeping over themselves becomes suffocated or secret. If we keep in mind that the characteristics of the zodiacal signs have been defined in the area of Mediterranean and the Middle East, we should be aware that around the area of Greece the Eastern Mediterranids, which are characterized by HLA-B35, are mainly mixed with one archaic Proto-Greek population which is characterized by antigen HLA-A11 in HLA-Agene. By its structure, A11 reveals similarity with the populations which correspond to Cancer, Virgo and Gemini, and the genetic opposite from antigens that are typical for the Mediterranids and Dinarids. Hence, the combination A11, B35 arised from the mixing of nations of very diverse origins, and it preserved various characteristics from both sides of its pre-ancestors through genetic drift. In the area of Greece, the great majority of bearers of the Eastern Mediterranean antigen HLA-B35 have, in its next HLA-A gen, antigen A11, while in Serbia only every sixth descendant (16,28%) of the ancient Pelasgians forms the haplotype HLAA11,B35. In the world, A11 is most present in the region of the Austronesian anthropological type, which is classified into the South-Mongolian race by anthropologists. Also, by its genetic 251 structure, antigen HLA-A11 is very close to antigens that characterize the Yellow race and the Nordids. That is the reason why the zodiacal sign of Pisces comprises the elements of Cancer in its interpretation – the Cancer psychological type corresponds to the Mongol anthropological type. Nevertheless, due to its mediterraneanization, and in some cases its semitization, the psychological type of Pisces (the Austronesians) lacks psychological attributes of Cancer, which are the result of adaptation of the Mongols to the cold climate, for instance, prominent motherly instinct or the instinct for making food supplies. The emotiveness of Pisces is under the masculine Mediterranean influence somehow more abstract, and astrologers have defined it as the temptation described below: "There is a strong tendency to mediumship among the Pisces people, and therein is a danger greater than any other on earth. No one should "sit for development" and degenerate into the tool of low spirits, but Pisces people in particular are "lost" if taken control of. They cannot free themselves ... because generally inert and devoid of willpower. They are timid, and even the mean are tearful on the slightest provocation; they love leisure more than comfort, and do no work which is not absolutely necessary to keep body and soul together. They love change of scene, rove about considerably, generally in an aimless manner ... When many planets are in Pisces, the person will have a hard life, because he or she will not want to take up life's burden, but will love to dream; such people become recluses; they seek to master the hidden arts, occultism and mysticism; are not guided by reason, but rather by their likes and dislikes, and unless they can find an occupation that is otherwise isolated from the ordinary business and trend of life they will feel out of place. They are prone to incur the enmity of people with whom they come in contact intimately, nobody seems to get along with them, and nearly everybody, whether he or she shows it or not, will take a dislike to them." (Max Heindel & 252 Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 110111) Antigen HLA-A11 is present in 37,27% of Gypsies, and maybe just because of it we recognize their tendency towards mediumship and witchery, which are the temptations typical of Pisces, but also their considerable artistic abilities. Antigen HLAA11 is most present in the Taiwanese Hakkas (88,1%), then in the tribe Madang in Papua New Guinea (86,75%), on India's Southwestern Coast in Pulaya tribe (78,0%), in the Australian Aborigines Anindilyakwa (42,24%), in New Delhi, India (41,5%), etc. Although Mongols are adapt to the polar climate due to the attributes of the Yellow race, their sub-branch characterized by HLA-A11 lives in warm and moist climate areas of the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean and Pacific, because it is genetically mixed with the Mediterranean type HLA-B35 and with other anthropological types (often with the Semites) that are suited for mediterranean climate. For that reason, A11 is usually present in island populations, whether of distant Malaysia, or in nearby Mediterranean. At the territory of the town Rijeka in Croatia (16,24%) and on the island of Hvar (16,09%) this type is more present than among the average population of Croatian continental area (13,14%). In Greece, it is most present in Cyprus (21,32%), where it is present twice more that in the continental area of Greece (9,94%). It is also especially present in North Italy (19,2%) – where it was probably brought to by the Etrurians, and in North Ireland (19,2%) – where it most likely arrived together with the AtlantoMediterranids. It is present in the area of the island of Sardinia as well (18,46%), in Romania (15,8%), Macedonia (14,62%) and Bulgaria (14,01%) – probably as remnants of the aboriginal population in that area. Antigen HLA-A11 in Serbia is present in 12,58% of its inhabitants, and it is most common in Southern-East Serbia (in Nis and its periphery, with 15,4%), while it is much less present in the areas of Vojvodina (9,4%) and Kosovo (7,6%). 253 The appearance of the Austronesian anthropological type was firstly defined by German physiologist Johann Blumenbach (1752–1840) under the name of the Malay race, which, according to him, populated a broad region from Madagascar to Eastern Islands. Johann Blumenbach describes the physical attributes of the Malay race as follows: "Malay variety. Tawny-coloured (s. 43); hair black, soft, curly, thick and plentiful (s. 52) ; head moderately narrowed ; forehead slightly swelling (s. 62); nose full, rather wide, as it were diffuse, end thick; mouth large (s. 56), upper jaw some what prominent with the parts of the face when seen in profile, sufficiently prominent and distinct from each other (s. 56)." (Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, The Anthropological Treatises of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, pg 266) The languages spoken by Austronesians belong to the Austronesian language family, which extendibility corresponds to the great distribution of HLA-A11. The question arises: is the Austronesian type in our area, besides its genetic marker HLA-A11, noticed also by its anthropological attributes? Are there people in this region whose physical appearance corresponds to the bearers of the Austronesian language family, i.e. to the Malays and Australian Aborigines, to some extent? As we know that HLA-A11 is being inherited in haplotype along with the Eastern Mediterranean antigen HLA-B35, we will refer to the experience of astrologers in their definitions of the physical appearance of the many varieties of the Pisces zodiacal sign. In this comment of the physical appearance of Pisces, given by The Society of Astrologers of Yugoslavia, we see that people born under the sign of Pisces are characterized by the following features: "Generally low stature, a lymphatic body, legs which are extremely beautiful or short and fat" (Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 150). Talking about the skin color in Pisces, Mile Dupor says that they are characterized by "fleshy, darker complexion" (Astromedicine, pg 254 30). Astrologers Max Heindel and Augusta Foss Heindel say for Pisces: "The typical Piscean is short, flabby and fleshy with a waddling gait not unlike those born under the sign Cancer, but differs from them by having a stouter body. ... The nose large and flat." (Max Heindel & Augusta Foss Heindel, The Message of the Stars, pg 67) Astrologer Aleksandar Imširagić divides the Jupiterian sign of Pisces into two types whose physical appearance is different. Type 1 has the characteristics that are really recognizable as the attributes of the Austronesian anthropological type, as follows: "They are very closely reminiscent of fish – they have very big, bulging or convex eyes, large flabby lips, weak facial bones and slanted forehead and chin. Head and body are round and usually fleshy. This is one of the shortest and roundest types, but also one of the cutest! Their eyes merrily blink with compassion and love. Their facial features, even if too big or somehow rubbery, are flexible and graciously defined. Nose is soft and can have the distinctive fishy- clownish point, or an apple-like one, slightly pointed upwards. The mouth and the whole face are movable and flexible – perfect for different emotional expressions this most universal sign is capable of. This type of Pisces likes comfortable, leisurely clothes and everything looks like falling apart around them, or falling off them. Their posture is noticeably curved, shoulders are bowed forward, and hair is unstyled, usually untidy. ... The voice is sad, weak or lamenting, usually high." (Aleksandar Imširagić, The Wheel of Destiny, pg 390-391) 255 It is very possible that the archaic Proto-Greek type (HLA-A11) developed from the ancient Neanderthals, for whom it was noticed to be anthropologically close to the Austronesians. The analysis of these skeletons indicated that, due to prevalence of arthritis, they walked with a hunch and had pronounced consequences of arthritis visible on their ankles, backs, hips, arms, fingers and knees. Scientists ascertained that antigen HLA-A11 showed expressive substantial correlation with inherited proneness to arthritis, especially in the Far East. THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF TAURUS, AQUARIUS AND CAPRICORN The zodiacal types of Taurus, Aquarius and Capricorn do not have their corresponding types in anthropology, but instead represent mixtures of other anthropological types. The planet Saturn, which is, according to antique astrologers, the ruler over Capricorn and Aquarius, affects the mentality of the Dinarids (Aries) and the Cro-Magnons (Sagittarius) in such a way that it cools them down and turns them into Capricorn and Aquarius types. In fact, all of the three mentioned zodiacal signs (Taurus, Aquarius and Capricorn) originate as the result of intermixing of three fiery masculine signs (Leo, Sagittarius and Aries) with cold astrological signs that correspond to the anthropological types with the lower level of male hormones (the Alpids and Mongols). 256 TAURUS – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL MIXTURE OF ATLANO-MEDITERRANIDS AND ALPIDS The Taurus type represents the blend of one parent who is an Atlanto-Mediterranid (Leo) and other parent who is an Alpid (Virgo). It is most common in the Poles and in the Baltic countries. In our region it is most present in the mixture between the colonized inhabitants of Vojvodina and its natives. In the description of Taurus’ physical attributes, given by the astrologer Mile Dupor, we identify a combination of Atlanto-Mediterranids (Leo) and Alpids (Virgo): “Massive body, strong legs and back of the head, bulky, heavy movements, harsh, firm walk, a rather thick neck, broad face, prominently bigger teeth. Women are not as beautiful as rounded and fatty” (Do not believe it, check it, pg 61). AQUARIUS – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL MIXTURE OF SAGITTARIUS AND ALPIDS The Aquarius type represents the mixture of the nordized Cro-Magnon (Sagittarius with the elements of Gemini) and the Alpid (Virgo). The appearance of Aquarius reveals the combination of a Cro-Magnon and an Alpid. According to this, astrologers ascribe either a tall or a short stature to them. “The head is usually large and square.“ (Charles Carter, The Principles of Astrology, pg 157). Depending on climate, they emphasize their different attributes and it seems that in some astrologers, the element of Alpids (Virgo) is replaced with the element of Semits (Scorpio). “The stature is rather lower, usually plumper, solid body build, fine complexion, including colors from white to pearly-pink and red. Their hair, fair in the childhood, later becomes darker. They often have a very beautiful face, magnetic eyes, attractive and penetrative look.” (The Assosiation of the Astrologers of Yugoslavia, Meet Astrology and Yourselves, pg 138) 257 CAPRICORN – THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL MIXTURE OF MONGOLS AND DINARIDS The Capricorn type comprises those people whose one parent is of the Mongolian origin (that corresponds to Cancer), and the other parent is of the Dinaric origin (that corresponds to Aries). According to this, astrologers ascribe different anthropological characteristics to Capricorn. Some describe their high stature (that corresponds to the Dinaric type), while others describe their low stature (that corresponds to the Mongols). For one type of Capricorn, eyes are close together (which corresponds to the Dinaric type, while in the other, “the eyes are wide-set as in Cancer” (which corresponds to the Mongolian type). Linda Goodman’s description of the anthropological attributes of Capricorn clearly shows their double (Dinaric-Mongolian) origin: “Capricorns can be stocky and muscular, thin and wiry or plump and soft.“ (pg 406) Astrologer Mile Dupor accurately notices Dinaric elements among Capricorn’s attributes, so he says: „An epic man, a highlander. ... A national type – our Dinarian.“ (Do not believe it, check it out, pg 94-95) Naturally, the Mongol’s (Cancer) patriotic spirit should be distinguished from the Dinaride (Aries) patriotic spirit. Whereas the first one is grounded on selfishness and possessiveness, which means on a national territory (i.e. land), the latter one is based upon loftiness and pride, which means upon national values. Both kinds of patriotisms are irrational because they lead people to sacrifice their lives, either for the sake of preserving national values or for the sake of their land, as if people exist for national values and their land, and not vice versa. 258 THE PARALLELS BETWEEN ASTROLOGICAL SHIFTING OF BLAME TO THE STARS AND RACISTIC SHIFTING OF BLAME TO HUMAN GENETICS As we just saw, the psychophysical types ascribed to the various zodiacal signs do not have its source in the moment of person’s birth, but in his heritage. It is only the matter of accident whether someone will be born under the adequate to himself zodiacal sign or ascendant, and then, recognizing himself in the zodiacal description of his sign, to have temptation to believe that the stars are responsible for his character tendencies. Just like there is strong correlation among physical attributes of different dog breeds and their corresponding characters, there also is a correlation among human populations of diverse origins and their specific psychological types. This correlation was inadvertently noticed and documented by astrologers alone, who gave every reasonable person the proof that the source of his temptations should not be sought in the stars or anywhere else, than in himself and his own nature. However, if we do not understand the crucial difference between humans and animals, we might have a temptation to excuse our irresponsibility for our motives and behavior by calling upon our sinful nature, in the same way astrologers excuse it by calling upon the position of celestial bodies. Don’t we often hear such excuses nowadays: „I cannot be who I’m not! This is my nature!“, or „Do what your heart tells you! It will never wish for something bad!“. These days, it is forgotten that there is one essential difference between humans and animals. An animal is determined by its genetics, which determines its behavior through its instincts. A human being has a will to act freely and disregard its heritage, according to common sense and its conscience. Unlike an animal which is determined by genetics and environment, a man has the power and responsibility to rule himself and the world around him. 259 The neglect of this truth about man´s personal responsibility, which was a crucial element of Enlightenment on the Western civilization, led to the underestimation of man´s personality to the level of an irresponsible animal. The Theory of Evolution tried to justify man´s hedonistic motives as motives which are purposeful for his existence, even though it became obvious – especially today, that they endanger survival of humanity and lead to disintegration of family and civilization, since instead of survival of an individual and the species, became more important to them the experience of pleasure. The next step was made by ideology of Nazism or racism, which did not want to see the crucial difference between animals and humans contained in our ability to conduct ourselves responsibly, and for that reason searched the source of the blessings of Western civilization in human nature, not in the idea of enlightenment. Analyzing various racial types, it identified the Aryans as a human super race that surpassed all other races of the Earth by their psychophysical attributes. But it seems quite enough just to look at the history of the Aryan race before Reformation and Enlightenment, to see that the Aryans were primitive wild tribes who, for thousands of years, could not stand out from other nations of the world by any of their characteristics. Moreover, all historical sources from the ancient times to the XVI century, represent those tribes as aggressive, cruel, lazy and primitive. In times of their spiritual reformation and Enlightenment, the people of Northern Europe were deeply aware that the source of their great blessing was in their fight against the weaknesses of their own character, in reconsidering the motives of their hearts and repentance, and in living in harmony with the Ten Commandments of God. An excuse for sin did not exist, since the faith in the Almighty God does not offer a justification for weakness and frailty of character, because if God exists, He can change human nature. In relation to the newly-arisen reformation of character, reformator Zwingli wrote: 260 "´Peace has her habitation in our town,´ ‘no quarrel, no hypocrisy, no envy, no strife. Whence can such union come but from the Lord, and our doctrine, which fills us with the fruits of peace and piety?’” (James A. Wylie, The History of Protestantism, Published by Hartland Publications, 2003, pg 496) Italian reformer Bernardino Ochino who escaped to Geneva, described the spirit of reformation the saw there: "Benevolence is so great that the poor need not beg. The people admonish each other in brotherly fashion, as Christ prescribes. Lawsuits are banished from the city; nor is there any simony, murder, or party spirit, but only peace and charity. On the other hand, there are no organs here, no noise of bells, no showy songs, no burning candles and lamps, no relics, pictures, statues, canopies, or splendid robes, no farces, or cold ceremonies. The churches are quite free from all idolatry." (Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church, pg 645) In similar words Ljubomir Nenadović, during the middle of the XIX century, describes the character of the reformatted Germans: “Everywhere you can see happy and content people. There is no malice or envy. Everyone rejoices in welfare of others, and feels pity for their misfortunes. German societies are organized in such a way, that it seems to you that everybody lives just for the benefit and satisfaction of their neighbors. This is the country where people care for cattle in such a manner to make it feel the benefits of this tame civilization as well. Everyone is obligated to treat their cattle with humanity. ... There is no nation which criticizes its own faults and mistakes so severely as Germans do. For every misfortune which happens to them or to their country, the Germans blame only themselves. The French always shift the blame to someone else. The English never blame anyone, they are silent, and as a nation which reads the Bible a great deal, they find that all the ways are God’s ways that need to be passed through, whether they are easy or hard. The Germans are religious, diligent and moderate. They live in 261 accordance with their motto: work as if you will live forever and give your prayers to God as if you will die tomorrow. ... In several short centuries, the Germans accomplished miracles, turned their land into a true paradise, the land that Romans consider for some kind of Siberia; they developed their industry, reformed the Roman faith, built schools, improved sciences, laws, freedom, and enlightened Middle Europe with the real education. ... In the areas where the apostles came from, the cradle of Jesus Christ, darkness and superstition reign, and in the North a German pastor justifies the Christian love to a gathered crowd, and interprets the evangelistic words exactly in the way that they should be heard and understood by those who appreciate the real truth and who gravitate towards further prosperity and enlightenment of their reason.“ (Ljubomir Nenadović, The Entire Opus, pg 576, 589, 616). However, when the Western civilization began to give in to the temptation of hedonism, there emerged a need to transfer the responsibility for our acts, honor and disgrace for the achievements and failures to someone else, and thus excuse the irresponsible attitude towards our weaknesses. Both astrology and Nazism experienced their resurrection in times of the great spiritual depression of humankind, immediately after the First World War. However, unlike astrology that shifts the responsibility for human destiny to the stars, Nazism transfered the causes of the great cultural, scientific and industrial expansion of Western civilization from the Enlightened human will to human genetics. Instead of reconsidering the motives of our heart and seeking the perpetrator for our problems in those motives, modern philosophy led us to seek the perpetrators outside ourselves. Nazism offered us sacrificial lambs in people of different anthropological origin. The same rigorousness Germans showed towards their own character weaknesses during the Reformation, they started to show towards the Jews and the Gypsies during Nazism, searching for psychological satisfaction for their own irresponsibility towards themselves. Under the influence of Darwinism, we forgot that our humanity was not based upon our biological nature, but upon the 262 conscious and responsible action of our will. In global terms, nothing could humiliate human dignity more, and even the representatives of the Aryan race, than Nazism with its concept which underestimated everything that made us human. Indeed, we are human beings as much as we consciously control ourselves, and our surroundings, and throwing away the ideas of Enlightenment and spirituality, Nazism sought Aryan values in the biological nature, thus bringing a human being down to the level of an animal, which only value is in the random quality of its inherited pedigree. As we could see in the analysis of the psychological types, human beings by their nature do not have healthy motives that rule them normally. A human is not a human if they do not control themselves responsibly. A human being has to win the struggle against their temptations in order to become human. No one comes to this world as a human, but becomes a human if they want it willingly. PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ASTROLOGICAL PHENOMENON FINITENESS OF SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY With the help of scientific analysis, we are able to unmask a great deal of mistaken notions and explain why some superstitions are functioning. Nevertheless, there is a certain level of the astrological phenomenon, which cannot be explained by applying the scientific methodology and hence requires the clarification from the philosophical and religious perspectives. Astrologers believe that the position of celestial bodies determines not only human character, but also various events on Earth, and because of that, among other things, they practice evaluations and prognosis of future events. This domain of the astrological phenomenon cannot be explained by anthropological or any other scientific discipline. Moreover, the use of scientific methods – measurement and 263 experiment, can lead us to fall under the influence of astrological superstition. For instance, if we come to a scientifically verifiable knowledge that people within the psychological type of Cancer – which we showed to be of Mongolian origin – are indeed being born more oftenly under the zodiac sign of Cancer (from June 21 to July 20) than under any other zodiac signs over a year, we will fall into temptation to believe that the position of the stars does influence the events on Earth, and thus our character as well. If an astrologer reads the realistic description of events in our lives by looking at the stars, or if a chiromancer tells us the same by looking at our hands, or if a radiesthesist accurately guesses which one of our organs is ill by using a pendulum, or if a black cat crosses our path and afterwards we have an accident, then we can fall into temptation to believe in the supernatural principle of superstition, in spite of the senselessness of the offered explanation. Those who have never experienced supernatural phenomena and who therefore deny them irresponsibly and fanatically will support them in such a way if they experience them personally. We just need to remember the French psychologist Michèle Goklen who had gathered 24,000 individual data of famous people and their occupations, in order to disprove the astrological phenomenon and then, due to the strong correlation of sportspeople with the planet Mars, eventually became a fanatic representative of astrology. Application of scientific methodology – experiment and measurement, in our efforts to explain the characteristics of supernatural phenomena, can deceive us and lead us into delusions of superstition, because it makes us interpret them only on the basis of partial information – those which are available to us through our scientific methods. Let us pay attention to a magician who skillfully deceives our senses in order to make us believe in his supernatural powers. How does he do this? He hides the important truth about the background of his magic tricks from us, letting us deceive ourselves on the basis of the half-truth which was shown to us. 264 Superstition is often founded on the detected correlation between two different symptoms of one and the same cause, whereby the common cause has not been known yet (or we do not want to find it out). The correlation between two symptoms could be deduced by a correct scientific methodology, but without knowledge about the common cause that correlation would lead us to a mistaken notion, regarding the explanation of the phenomenon of superstition. For example, a scientist who explores the correlation between the softness of the asphalt in London and the number of policemen who faint while standing guard in front of Buckingham Palace, might come to interesting hypotheses about a mystical influence of the softness of the asphalt on the policemen, but he will be deceived if he does not comprehend the common cause – in this case the warmth of the Sun, which melts the asphalt and increases the possibility of policemen’s fainting. However, the common cause can be hiden, “uncatchable” and unverifiable by scientific methods, so that its clarification can only stay within the frames of philosophy and religion. It means that even if we are witnesses to certain events that happen in accordance with zodiac predictions, it does not necessarily prove that these events were caused by the astrological factor, but perhaps by some other cause that is hidden behind the astrological phenomenon, and which is unknown to us at the moment. So, in order to explain the supernatural element of the astrological phenomenon, we need to rise above the astrological experience itself, and take a critical analysis of its meaning. Replying to rebukes of commonsense critiques, an astrologer will be prone to give an answer which comprises elements of scientific methodology: “I do not feel the need to reconsider whether something I experienced is possible or impossible! Why should I doubt something I see with my own eyes?” Nevertheless, we can be misled by our experience. Let us remember the magic trick. If we believe in everything we see, we can be deceived by the first cartoon we watch and think that its 265 characters are real only because we do see and hear them on TV, following their actions. Relying on our senses and feelings, we can be conned by the parapsychological phenomena, for instance – by astral projection, or by emergence of “a spirit of a deceased”, or by contact with “an extraterrestrial visitor from a flying saucer”, or by any other supernatural experience, not because we do not have an authentic experience, but because we do not understand its explanation. What protects us against our mental limitations, and delusions caused by our own experiences? The responsible use of reason! Reason analyzes the meaning of the knowledge which we attain from our senses, as well as the meaning of the knowledge which we obtained by application of scientific methods – measurement and experiment. Yet, haven’t we just heard the stories about the limitations of our reason? Yes, we have! But these stories did not talk about the limitations of reason itself, but rather about the limitations of human senses. We need the help of reason, exactly to avoid getting conned due to limitations of our sensual perceptions. Our reason makes us capable of exceeding the constraints created by our own experiences, keeps us from being deceived by them, and enables our belief in the truth which is beyond our experience. The main obstacle to discovery of truth does not lie in our limitation of reason, or even in the constraints of our senses, but in the bad quality of our motives. We do not want to reveal the truth which will make us aware of our unfulfilled responsibilities in life. Just as spiritually discontent people have a need to seek for pleasures, in the same way people with unclean conscience have a need for misconceptions to justify their motives and actions which cannot stand the commonsense critiques in front of their conscience. When on the basis of the same scientific knowledge, in one’s mind is able to create a multitude of diverse and mutually 266 contradicting hypotheses, the only way to find the most acceptable answer to the question of what the truth is does not lie in hands of scientific methodology any more, but in hands of the motives which control logical thinking. Bad motives will lead us to an unfair and subjective function of reason and we will choose that hypothetical interpretation that flatters our undefeated character weaknesses and our unclean conscience, instead of the one that corresponds to reality. However, we are moved by our sincere and elevated will, reason will empower us to conquer the limitations that are imposed by our experience. It will give us the freedom not to be deceived by what we do see, and believe in what we do not see. Even if our astrological experience is authentic and astonishingly real, reasonable analysis of its meaning will save us from being tricked by its deception in the same way reasonable analysis will save us from being deceived by a magic trick. Why is it senseless to believe that there really is the influence of the celestial bodies hiding behind the astrological phenomenon? Because it doesn’t make sense that the astrological factor, depending upon when people are born, forms the differences among them that do not correspond to the real needs of their lives and are thus not useful at all. It is meaningless to believe that we, in spite of our conscience, reason and will that naturally give us the power to rise above our determination, are determined by a certain astrological factor. It is senseless to think that reasonable human beings have no ability to rule over themselves and their environment more that, according to astrologers, can be controlled by the celestial bodies. In fact, if astrologers would really believe in absolute determination, their evil would be less, but by falsely representing the stars as things which are responsible for what happens to us, they lead us to wrongly use our will in attempts to confront that determination. It is meaningless and unjust to believe that our blessing and happiness lie in tactics of evading astrological influences (for example, in accepting the advice to avoid working on a certain day in order to prevent a predicted failure), and not in the 267 choice between good and evil, i.e. in victories over everyday temptations. It is righteous that our success in life be proportional to the chastity of the motives that stimulate us, instead of depending on the magic power of some ritual or on any other action of our will. By reasonable analysis of the meaning of astrological experiences, we comprehend that it is not possible for astrological factors to determines the events in our lives because that would neither be logical, or just. But now, when we realize what the truth is not, there arises a need to understand what the truth about the astrological phenomenon actually is! In our mind, we are able to create innumerable mutually contradictory hypotheses on some phenomenon and every one of them can be logically correct, but we still cannot know which one is true. By our senses, we can check if these hypotheses are based upon scientifically true knowledge. Our reason can tell us if they are logical and thus determine whether they could possibly be true. However, neither science nor philosophy can declare that some hypothesis is accurate. We must decide that for ourselves and then believe that it is the truth. There is no need to make decisions on some questions in life and in those cases; we will keep the scientific and philosophical distance. However, the most important questions in life request from us not to stay on the level of hypotheses, because life demands from us to make decisions on them, and to act as we find acceptable. There are certain needs in life that demand answers from us and they force us to react, setting in motion our motives and actions, and require us to take on a firm attitude and choose our belief. That is why every person is a believer, no matter if they admit it or not. If they would not believe, then they would do nothing at all. They would stop breathing because they would not have the scientific proof that the air, which surrounds them, is not poisoned, and overall, they would not be able to do anything else in their life with absolute certainty that they are not deluded. Everyone is a believer, and only the quality of our motives, which drive us and control our reason, determine which hypothesis we will believe in – 268 the one that corresponds to reality, or the one that corresponds to our subjective impulses and defense mechanisms. AREA KNOWLEDGE LEVEL BASE CHECKING METHOD SCIENCE FACT SENSES MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT PHILOSOPHY ASSUMPTION REASON LOGIC RELIGION BELIEF MOTIVATION VALIDITY OF TRUSTING OBJECT The difference between philosophy and religion is that philosophy asks hypothetical questions and allows all hypothetical answers to be possible if they satisfied the criteria of logic, whereas religion claims that the revelation of truth already exists, and that it came from the Creator Himself. By referring to sensual limitations of human knowledge and to the poor quality of the motives that naturally drive us through life, religion asks from us to abandon our belief in ourselves and in our own limitations, and to believe in God and His might instead. In the gift of God’s love, it wants us to find a healthy strength of veracity and the main moving motive of our lives. Hence, we will now deal with a religious analysis of the astrological phenomenon, but in such a way to expose the notion of religion itself to the same criticism and examination we applied towards astrology itself. 269 RELIGIOUS ANALYSIS OF ASTROLOGICAL PHENOMENA PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGIOUS VIEWS ON THE WORLD The religious idea is that God created us out of love and for love. God did not create us as unhappy beings who are condemned to search for happiness during the entire life, but made us as happy beings who should express their happiness through love for others and creativity. But, alienating from God, we lost unselfish love, and became filled with deep discontent, and took on a burden of unclean conscience due to our impurity. By losing unselfish goodness, we also lost the predisposed purpose of life – to love, to live for others and our Creator. Filled with unquenchable inner discontent, now we try to achieve happiness of our souls independently of God, misusing our sensual, mental and emotional experiences. The burden of corrupted conscience made us loaded with various defense mechanisms, fears, phobias and insecurities, and also made us prone to religious fanaticism through which we attempt to calm our conscience apart of God and His plan of salvation for the fallen humanity. Throughout the history of our degradation, we undergo different temptations and suffer the consequences of our sins. PreDeluge civilization was punished for its sinful ways by God who sent the Great Flood to destroy all life, but He saved righteous Noah, his wife, and their three sons with their families. During the flood, a large number of plant and animal species disappeared, and today we only find their fossil remains, whereas Noah preserved the most important species in his ark. After the Flood, due to the disappearance of Earth’s water canopy (“an expanse between the waters to separate water from water”, Genesis 1:6), the greenhouse effect stopped, and consequently, great climate changes occurred on Earth. So God performed the miracle of adaptation of humankind to various Post-Deluge climate conditions. The Black race is adapted to a warm equatorial climate, the White race to a moderate climate, and the Yellow race to a polar climate. Within races, God established some additional adaptive abilities needed for survival in 270 their specific life conditions. Different creative abilities that humanity inherited at the time of creation, and different adaptive attributes that we received after the Flood, became the source of satisfaction for the fallen human nature and turned into our doom. Those who were by their nature gifted for music, showed the tendency to search for the satisfaction of their soul in music, while those who were gifted with psychophysical powers, became inclined towards violence, etc. Although these gifts should have the function of giving love, they became the purpose in themselves, i.e. the source of our satisfaction. Soon, God split one language into many, in order to destroy the totalitarian regime of the Tower of Babylon, and thus helped various families develop their spirit and lives, freely and independently from each other. The period of a mutual lingual and physical isolation and the independent development of various human families and tribes, as well as the period of their adaptation to the specific living conditions, resulted in the formation of anthropological characteristics of several dozens of various anthropological types. To each anthropological type, in that period, belonged unique language family. When the population on Earth increased, their intermixing began. Many diverse branches of Noah’s descendants inherited different sinful tendencies and temptations, which manifested in many ways under a range of circumstances. That is why throughout the history of humankind’s downfall, God kept calling the humankind to repentance, which was an appropriate answer to human temptations. When people had fallen into temptation of formalism and hypocrisy, they got the message that criticized formalism and hypocrisy. When they had fallen into temptation of undisguised anarchy and barbarism, they got the message which revealed the emphasized demands of God’s Law. However, people were rather rushing towards delusions that represented their favorite sins as virtues, than they were prone to listening and accepting the reprimands against their sins. The need for justifying and excusing sins made them prone to superstition and pseudo-religiousness. When people were not willing to listen to the reasonable rebukes sent to them through 271 words of His spiritual teachers and prophets, God exposed them, for their own good, to those circumstances that should help them become aware of their temptations, and provoke people to overcome them. When people would show the spirit of pride, God would send misfortunes and injustice to them in order to humiliate their pride and to demonstrate His disapproval. When they had manifested cowardly character, they were tempted to commit injustice to others under the pressure of unjust authorities, which was the opportunity for them to become aware of their weaknesses and to conquer them through the temptation itself. Those who fall into hard temptations are being encouraged by God to persevere until the day of final victory by the following words: “Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him.” (James 1:12) “He that shall overcome shall possess these things. And I will be his God: and he shall be my son.“ (Revelation 21:7) God has no reason at all, to eternalize the principle of sinful living. A person who does not serve to anybody and anything has no reason to live. The Holy Scriptures explain that after the un-repented sinners are judged, there will be neither sinners nor sin any more. To those who choose the principle of unselfish kindness in spite of their sinful nature, God promises that He will change their hearts by His supernatural healing power, set them free from sin and demons, and fulfill their hearts with love: „And I will pour upon you clean water, and you shall be cleansed from all your filthiness, and I will cleanse you from all your idols. And I will give you a new heart, and put a new spirit within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and will give you a heart of flesh. And I will put my spirit in the midst of you: and I will cause you to walk in my commandments, and to keep my judgments, and do them.“ (Ezekiel 36:25-27) Since such people should be eternalized, God will raise them to immortality at the Second Coming. In the Kingdom of God, their abilities will reach their full brilliance without the temptation of any misuse or return of sin, because they have already conquered the temptations while being heavily tempted during their earthly 272 lives. Their hearts will be filled with eternal love and gratitude for the Lord since He was convincing them in so many ways of their need for Him during their earthly life, for bringing them remorse for their sins through the disclosure of His love, mercy and patience, and for redeeming them from guilti and eternal death by His sacrifice on the cross. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EVOLUTIONARY AND CREATIONARY INTERPRETATIONS OF HUMANITY’S PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS We have seen that different human abilities in their perversion (since they became the sources of satisfaction and the purpose in themselves) resulted in various psychological types, which astrologers ascribed to the certain zodiac signs. In an attempt to explain the origin of diverse human abilities, their genuine uncorrupted meaning and the causes of inner discontent that brings to the degeneration of their functions, we can notice that one and the same anthropological knowledge about humans, is interpreted in different ways by evolutionists (the supporters of the Theory of Evolution), and creationists (the supporters of Creationism). 273 DERIVATION OF INNER DISCONTENT EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATION OF THE ORIGIN OF INNER DISCONTENT The evolutionistic hypothesis on the origin of inner discontent says that this discontent is a driving force necessary for our struggle for survival. Those who were not motivated by discontent to satisfy their existential needs, clearly had no other motives to fulfill them, so they simply disappeared. The same opinion pervades various interpretations of libido. According to Sigmund Freud, libido represents a form of “sexual energy” which needs to be satisfied, and if this need cannot be quenched, it becomes the source of destruction. "The measure of unsatisfied libido which the average human being can stand is limited." (Sigmund Freud, A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis, pg 300). Freud believes that libido can be sublimated into different motives that incite people to take many diverse activities. "Sublimation is, as a matter of fact, only a special case of the relation of sexual to non-sexual desires." (Ibid). Carl Gustav Jung denotes a general mental energy as libido. The hypothesis that springs from different theories on libido says that discontent is a driving force, which makes people struggle for survival. However, by all things considered, not only does that energy not contribute to our existence, but directly imperils it. To take care of our existence, it is enough that we are discontent with our mental notions, sensations and feelings when they represent an expression of the objective representation of reality (for example, pain, danger, fear). There is no need to be driven by inner discontent on the level of motivation (selfishness, concern, anger, depression, cowardice), as we should be driven by the motive of love. When stimulated with inner discontent, we do not think about the bare necessities. Instead, we think about how to suffocate the awareness of our discontent using different ways of satisfaction, even when it imperils our own existential needs. The origin of every type of pathological behavior, 274 of every kind of excessiveness and perversity, lies in discontent that is woven into one’s motivation. The motives of behavior that spring from our inner discontent, disclaim the theory of evolution because they do not bring us any evolutional advantage in our struggle for survival. Instead they make our survival harder. Under the pressure of inner discontent, we neither have the time nor will to behave in accordance with our real existential needs. If the mechanism of natural selection and evolution did form the characteristics of humankind, then we would have never become sinful in the first place. CREATIONARY EXPLANATION OF INNER DISCONTENT French scientist Blaise Pascal defined the religious hypothesis on the origin of our inner discontent in simple words: "There is a God shaped vacuum in the heart of every man which cannot be filled by any created thing, but only by God, the Creator, made known through Jesus." (Clarence H. Benson, Robert J. Morgan, Exploring Theology, pg 320) The Holy Scriptures explain a person’s discontent by their arrogance towards God, i.e. by their attempt to achieve happiness and to fulfill the purpose of life independent of God: „For my people have done two evils. They have forsaken me, the fountain of living water, and have digged to themselves cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water.“ (Jeremiah 2:13) The most one can achieve independently of God is the feeling of happiness, a sensual experience of happiness and a mental notion about happiness, all of which can only suppress the awareness of their inner discontent, while the inner discontent itself remains within them, proving its existence in unchanged motivation. The wise King Solomon says: „The just eateth and filleth his soul: but the belly of the wicked is never to be filled.“ (Proverbs 13:25) Apostle John explains that sensual, emotional and mental satisfactions are not the way to satisfy the yearnings of our souls: 275 „For all that is in the world is the concupiscence of the flesh and the concupiscence of the eyes and the pride of life, which is not of the Father but is of the world.“ (1 John 2:16) Jesus Christ says: „Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again: but he that shall drink of the water that I will give him shall not thirst for ever. But the water that I will give him shall become in him a fountain of water, springing up into life everlasting.“ (John 4:13-14) PURPOSE OF DIFFERENT HUMAN ABILITIES We are beings gifted with prominent psychophysical abilities, which far exceed the needs of our bare existence. We are capable of playing the violin, of inventing and creating, and of changing our surrounding in accordance to our will. What is the purpose of these particularly developed abilities? According to the theory of evolution, the intellectual capabilities by which human beings exceed all other living beings are the fruit of their uppermost evolutionary development in their struggle for survival. Those who were less intelligent and gifted with different intellectual abilities did not survive. Yet, is it true? Are the microorganisms indeed less capable for survival, as they are on the lowest level of evolutionary development, than the highly intelligent being who is on the very top of this scale, and who is called „a human being“? In the case of some global catastrophe, it is most likely that the simplest organisms would survive, in spite of the fact that they are the least developed living beings in the evolutionary scale. The organisms that are in the so-called upper degree of evolutionary development, would demonstrate least ability of survival under unfavorable circumstances. Besides, when we take a better look, in real life a man does not use his special intellectual abilities for more successful struggle for survival at the first place. Let us see what a man is thinking about during the day or what he is dreaming about during the night. 276 Is he thinking how to provide the existence or how to achieve pleasure? Do his intellectual abilities help him lead a healthy and long life, or they imperil his existence? Then, what is the purpose of man´s abilities that make him more advanced than other living beings, if it is not a more successful existence, which the lower organisms achieve without the need for some great wisdom or physical power?! We are not created only to survive, but to fulfill the meaning of our existence and life, and that meaning is to love, to create and to respond to the needs of other living beings out of love. That is why, beside existential needs, we are characterized by much larger non-existential ones, with which we are endowed in order to fulfill the meaning of life successfully. However, the sense of our existential and non-existential abilities is in the hands of our free will. No matter if that sense is love or sin, the meaning of life itself is more important to us than bare living. A generous person will show the willingness to endanger their own life for the welfare of others in the same way as a depraved, proud or evil person will show willingness to endanger their own life for the accomplishment of their hedonistic, selfconceited or vindictive goals. If the meaning of our life is unselfish love, then we will take care of our existence out of love, but we will also, out of that same love, show readiness to endanger our existential needs for the welfare of other people. THE ORIGIN OF VARIOUS HUMAN ABILITIES Whereas the evolutionists believe that our abilities arose from the processes of natural selection and evolution, the creationists think that God endowed us with those abilities which were necessary for us to fulfill the purpose of our existence, and to be capable of survival under various climate conditions in the PostDeluge world. 277 According to the logic of the Theory of Evolution – in African Blacks, out of spatial intelligence necessary for hunting, all the other abilities that manifest as a talent for music, imagination, etc, were also developed. By the logic of the Theory of Creation, God adapted our creative abilities, which originally did not have an existential function, to our existential needs, which meant that African Blacks used the capabilities of spatial and kinesthetic intelligence for their hunting skills, which would otherwise serve for reaching a higher meaning of life, and their creative and artistic expressions. The adaptation to living under the conditions of African wilderness implies the capacity for intensive running. In order to catch a wild animal or to run away from it if they are in danger, African Blacks have various anatomical attributes that enable them to endure the everyday stress of strenuous and fast running, without any health consequences. They are capable of this due to specific characteristics of their muscle tissue (the particular enzymes which only they have), longer heel bone, prominent length of legs, bigger slant of pelvis, the characteristic branches of all four arteries that come out of aortic arch for head the upper extremities, etc. Living under the conditions of African climate demands the adaptation to a warm climate through the increased number of sweat glands, through greater bodily surface accomplished by its extension, while the protection of inner tissues from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation is achieved by the prominent dark pigmentation. As the African Blacks are suited for the warm African climate by plenty of their psychophysical attributes, the Mediterranids are suited for the Mediterranean climate, the Dinarids are enabled for a mountain climate with its sharp temperature extremes (cold nights, warm days; cold winters, warm summers), and the representatives of the Yellow race are enabled for the constantly cold polar climate. Now we shall mention only some of the adaptive abilities for the polar climate, such as stocky roundness and decreased number of sweat glands, which have the purpose to reduce the loss of warmth and moisture in conditions that are characterized by cold 278 and dry air. In order to have eyes protected from the high reflection of sunlight off the snow- covered surfaces, and from cold winds and snow particles, they are small, narrow and deep-set. Beside a psychological tendency to make food supplies, the representatives of the Yellow race are also gifted with genetic inclination to obesity, because the fat layers keep them from freezing and it represents the energy reserve needed in times of food scarcity. According to the Theory of Evolution, all these adaptive abilities for different climate conditions arose from random mutations and natural selection, whereas according to the Theory of Creation, they originated due to God’s direct intervention, making a man capable of survival under conditions for which he naturally, otherwise, is not suited. The evolutionists claim that modern men originated in Africa, wherefrom they expanded to Asia and afterwards to other continents. According to the Theory of Evolution, during this process of scattering to all parts of the world, they were enabled for survival in all climate conditions. However, such an opinion faces several serious problems. Adaptive differences among the Blacks, White and Yellow populations require a large number of selected mutations, which were to cause the change of a significant number of human genes. Let us assume that one and the only gene of 1000 nucleotides should change only a hundred of its nucleotides into corresponding new nucleotides, in order to create one new gene, which was to help us adapt to the new unfavorable living conditions. Naturally, a miracle of creating a new race would need a synchronous changing of hundreds of genes, but let us assume that only 10% of one gene’s structure needed to be changed. Furthermore, of course, let us keep on our minds the fact that a cell always resists mutations in many ways, since they are usually harmful. Therefore, how many mutations need to happen to the gene in order to get one useful mutation that would bring a new adaptive ability for an organism, needed for its survival in bad climate conditions? The probability of replacing those hundred of nucleotides with any other certain nucleotide is: (1000 x 999 x … x 279 901) x (100 x 99 x 98 x 97 x 96 x … x 3x 2 x 1) = 63850.511926305.130236690.511142022.274281262.900693853.33 1776286.816221524.376994750.901948920.974351797.699894319. 420811933.446191797.592213357.065053890 (140 numbers). So, the number of possibilities for a random replacement of a 100 certain nucleotides is 10140. If one single nucleotide can mutate into three residual variants of the nucleotide, the number of possibilities is 10615, which means that the probability to get the right gene with a hundred nukleotide’s replacements is 10615. It is assumed that there are 1070 elementary particles in space, so that it is illusory to expect that the reproduction of humans on Earth could create 10615 bearers of the result of the change needed in order to get at least one appropriate gene’s mutation. Since mutations are random and mostly inappropriate or harmful, there would be many more unnecessary and bad mutations while waiting for the ones that would be useful for creating the races adapted to the specific living conditions. If we waited such a long time for a random change of only 10% of one gene to happen in a desirable direction, what could we expect to remain of the primary structure of any other (neutral, for example) gene of the same organism? Nothing! The enormous number of dysfunctional mutations would erase every similarity between neutral genes of primary and newly-evolved population. The process of evolution, which supposedly endured for a long time, would have had to leave the marks (mutations) in the neutral genes of different populations, but it did not. Populations all over the world reveal very small or even no differences in their neutral genes. There was no enough time for the appropriate mutations to occur. If random mutations left only negligible marks, then how can we believe that there was time and opportunity for the appropriate mutations to take place, which possibility of emergence was basically infinitely times less? Today’s living Cro-Magnons in Europe have the same anthropological characteristics as the Cro-Magnon type whose skeletons were discovered in Europe, and for which it was said that 280 they were 30 000 years old. How is it possible that this type preserved its anthropological and psychological identity, in spite of continuous mixing with populations of different genetic origins? If the Cro-Magnons are our ancestors, how is it possible that they stopped evolving in some regions of the world, where they preserved their archaic genetic markers and conserved the structures of their neutral genes, while other populations continued to mutate and to evolve? If we evolved from an African ancestor who was a hunter, how can it be that only the bearers of the Nilo-Saharic antigen HLA-A28 in Europe kept the elements of African physical appearance and African psychology? It is possible because the modern humankind did not originate from the African people, but it developed simultaneously and independently of them. There is no linguist evidence that other languages arose from the languages of the African people, but there certainly are proofs that all those languages developed independently, in parallel. Nowadays, in the world there are several dozens of language families, which affirms the Biblical account on the miracle of distribution of languages to various families of humankind. Every language family originated from its own ancient language and that is why it preserved its original word-roots and the grammar principles that are characteristic only for that language family. The fact that there is a correlation between the distribution of language families and genetic markers, affirms the Biblical account we mentioned above. Later on, a separate anthropological type was formed from every human family, gifted with special abilities, which helped its survival in certain climate conditions. THE BIBLE’S TEACHING ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF AFRICAN BLACKS AND THEIR CLOSEST GENETIC BROTHERS IN THE WORLD According to the Holy Scriptures, the entire Post-Deluge humankind originated from Noah’s three sons, Shem, Ham and Japhethh. Noah’s son Ham had four sons: Cush, Mizraim, Phut and 281 Canaan. In SDA Biblical commentary, we read: “Cush, or Kush, is ancient Ethiopia, which was in classical times called Nubia. ... In Egyptian inscriptions this land is called hsaK, in Assyrian cuneiform texts, hKaK." In the Biblical Genesis, we read about Cush’s descendants: „These are the generations of the sons of Noe: Sem, Cham, and Japheth: and unto them sons were born after the flood. ... And the sons of Chus: Saba, and Hevila, and Sabatha, and Regma, and Sabatacha. The sons of Regma: Saba, and Dadan.“ (Genesis 10:1,6-7) The famous Ethiopian queen of Sheba’s name reveals her ancient origin from Cush’s son Saba, whose descendants live in an area of Africa. The African tribe Sabaot, also known as Elgon Maasai, preserved that ancient name in its own name. Talking about the descendants of Cush’s son Saba, the Holy Scriptures says that they have a tall stature: “Thus saith the Lord: The labour of Egypt, and the merchandise of Ethiopia, and of Sabaim, men of stature shall come over to thee, and shall be thine...” (Isaiah 45:14) Moses uses the name of the land of Cush for the region of Mesopotamia (Genesis 2:13). Unlike Cush’s son Seba who was the ancestor of many African people, Cush’s son Nimrod was the ruler of Mesopotamia. The Holy Scriptures disclose his pronounced gift for hunting, which is also the characteristic of other Cush’s descendants: „Now Chus begot Nemrod: he began to be mighty on the earth. And he was a stout hunter before the Lord. Hence came a proverb: Even as Nemrod the stout hunter before the Lord.” (Genesis 10:8-9) Nimrod was known for building the Tower of Babel: “And the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, and Arach, and Achad, and Chalanne in the land of Sennaar. Out of that land came forth Assur, and built Ninive, and the streets of the city, and Chale. Resen also between Ninive and Chale: this is the great city.“ (Genesis 10:10-12) According to Sumerian legend found in clay tables, the first Post-Deluge dynasty was called the Kish dynasty. It started its reign at the capitol Kish. The city with the same name exists today in Iraq. It is interesting that, according to the Bible, in both areas where Cush’s descendants live - the areas of Nilo-Saharan Africa and in 282 Western Iran, there is a high presence of antigen HLA-A28, parallel with a great presence of tall people. In the area of Western Iran, among other tribes, population of Luri tribe is tallest. They are considered to be descedants of ancient Kassites (descendants from Cush) and Elamites (descendants from Elam): "One of the major Iranian ethnic groups is Lur population, inhabiting along the central and southern parts of Zagros Chain Mountain. Their origin might come back to the time before the migration of Indo-Europeans to Iran when other groups called Kassites and Elamites have been living there. The Kassites are said to be the native people of Luristan. Their language was a non-Semitic non-Indo-European language and it differed from the Elamite. The Kassites overthrew the Babylon in 1595 BC and extended their lands to the borders of Egypt and Anatolia. Their last king was defeated by the Elamites in 1180. The remaining of the Kassites subpopulation, who had managed to keep their own identity, retreated back to the high mountains of Luristan, where they became part of the Elamites and eventually the Persian Empire." (Shirin Farjadiana and Abbas Ghaderi, Iranian Lurs Genetic Diversity: An Anthropological View Based on HLA Class II Profiles) As mentioned earlier, HLA-A28 and greater height is more common on South American continent. In Patagonian legends, is there any trace of their origin from Noah’s grandson, Ham’s son Cush? The Patagonian tribe Tehuelche preserved a legend about a deity – creator called „Kooch“, which might be a result of worshiping their real genetic forefather, Cush. By their genetic structure, the closest antigens to antigen HLA-A28, which corresponds to the Cushits, are A2, A10, A19 (A29, 31, 32, 33) that should correspond to other Ham’s sons: Mizraim, Phut and Canaan, according to The Book of Genesis. Mizraim is the name of the ancient Egypt. The skeletons of ancient Egyptians show the features of the Mediterranean and dinarized Mediterranean anthropological types. Ancient sources represent Phutites as the 283 Pygmies. Genetics reveals their kinship with the Australian Aborigines and with some populations of West Asia. The Canaanites are known by the names of Canaan’s sons Chetteus, Amorreus and Sineus. The Hattians inhabited Asia Minor and the Middle East, the Amorrei settled in Middle East and Sumer, and the Sinites are related to the Chinese, according to the Hebrew teachings. They correspond to the Atlanto-Mediterranean anthropological type in Europe and to the Sinid type in China. GENETICS ABOUT THE BIBLICAL GENEALOGY OF PEOPLE Genetic analysis of the closeness of different anthropological types does not affirm the evolutional hypothesis that from one human population originate some other human population, and then from it the third, etc. Furthermore, genetic closeness afirms parallel existence of various branches of human family, in accordance with the Biblical genealogy of people, which comes from Noah’s three sons and their families. Every anthropological type represents a certain branch of Noah’s descendants or their mixture, dating from the period before their migrations. From Noah´s son Shem originated various Semitic peoples, mostly in the Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa and South Asia (India). From Noah´s son Ham originated various Mediterranean peoples, Dinarians, and the majority of the African and Australian Blacks. From Noah’s son Japheth sprung up mainly the representatives of the Yellow race, but also the Nordids in Europe and some anthropological types of Western and Southern Africa. Some branches of Noah’s descendants interbred even before the formation of the anthropological types, and today they are mixed to the greatest extent, so that in every geographical place in the world we can notice they various mixture. 284 Hence, the astrological types correspond to the temptations of various branches of Noah’s descendants. Scorpio corresponds to the descendants of Noah’s son Shem. Masculine fiery signs – Sagittarius, Leo and Aries, along with Libra, correspond to Ham’s descendants. Sagittarius corresponds to the Kushits, Leo to the Canaanites, and Aries and Libra to Mizraim’s descendants. Gemini, Cancer and Virgo correspond to the descendants of Japheth. Gemini corresponds to the descendants of Japheth’s son Madai. Pisces represents the compound of one branch of Mizraim’s descendants and one branch of Japheth’s descendants. When the fiery signs, which correspond by their character to Ham’s descendants, mix with Japheth’s descendants, Sagittarius gets the features of Aquarius, Leo gets the features of Taurus, and Aries gets the features of Capricorn. We should not forget that every person is characterized by the elements and tendencies of every zodiacal sign to a certain extent, under the influence of life age, stressful situations and different temptations. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASTROLOGY AND RELIGION Astrology is in the conflict with religion because it represents the repressive influence of the astrological factor over human’s free will. If God is love, then it is blasphemous and senseless to claim that He would create a reasonable being that would not be able to rule over itself, and that the unreasonable celestial bodies – which are light-minutes, light-hours, light-days and light-years away, would control its behavior. Our will must be free in order to enable us to conquer temptations, i.e. to willingly choose or reject God’s love. Therefore, the belief in the astrological phenomenon is in conflict with the religious principles of love, freedom and responsibility. God’s character trait is love. God created us out of love. And in love, there is no “must”. Love necessarily leads to freedom, and freedom itself implies responsibility. Frightened of facing life responsibilities, because we chose to reject love and 285 accept sin, we try to justify our choice by saying that a basic condition of our responsibility – the freedom of choice, has not been fulfilled. So, in order to excuse ourselves, we consciously or unconsciously, rush to believe in destiny, or in less drastic cases, we want to justify our choice of sin, by calling upon the pressure of some external factor over our will. Since the astrological factor is not the source of our sins, trusting in astrology leads us to use our will wrongly, even if we consciously have the intention of overcoming the temptation. HUMANITY’S NEED FOR SUPERSTITION What would happen if we suffered various accidents and misfortunes without having any superstition which could justify them? Conscience and reason would easily raise awareness of responsibility for our own motives and actions. However, we have the right to reject that awareness if it interferes with our freedom of choice. The need for superstition represents our wish to get rid of the responsibility for our actions. It reveals that we were not created to simply accept misfortunes, but that our nature is to constantly reexamine ourselves and to try our best to remove the causes of our trouble. Only when we try to silence the voice of conscience, which calls upon re-examination character reform, do we try to seek for excuses for our character weaknesses, or for troubles that are the consequences of these weaknesses, in some outer cause we often explain in a superstitious way. When solving a problem, conscious and mature people proceed from themselves, reviewing the character of their motives, intentions and actions, whereas immature people are prone to search for the causes of their troubles outside of themselves. It doesn’t matter whether we shift responsibility for our weaknesses and misfortunes in life to outer enemies, influence of negative energy of others, negative „underground emissions”, our genetics, or whether we simply call upon excuses we get from 286 different superstitions: „Everything goes wrong for me because my horoscope is bad!“, „Someone put a spell on me. I must provide a protective talisman or a rosary, so that I can count enough prayers“, „I got up on the wrong side of bed, that is why I’m having a bad day!“, etc. An atheist will maybe try to justify their troubles by the phenomenon of Murphy’s law, which, among other things, states that „if anything can go wrong, it will”. Of course, Murphy’s law states that such a principle won’t function if we deliberately provoke events in order to scientifically prove that it really is a principle. Even only a conditional generalization of a phenomenon, or the attempt to derive a law from it cannot explain the phenomenon itself. If something happens (almost) every time, thus make us declare it as principle or law, then it is clear that behind the events there is a reasonable being. As it is unreasonable to believe that a dropped stone accidentally falls every time to the ground, i.e. that the natural laws function only accidentally, it is also unreasonable to believe that bad luck or Murphy’s law exists by accident. Reason tells us that there is a purpose behind every principle, and that there is a creator behind every purpose. In the same way the „law of gravitation“ notion does not clarify the phenomenon but only names it, so the notion „Murphy’s law“ does not explain the phenomenon but just gives it its name. Reasonable people will conclude that there is an intelligent being – God, behind natural laws, and by the same token, they will conclude that there is Satan behind various troubles and temptations which happen to them . But, whereas God instills trust and security in us by solid norms of natural laws, Satan, hiding behind Murphy’s law, tries to provoke our nature – in the segments which show our sinful weakness, and fall into an even deeper sin. Satan disguises his actions by ideas of Murphy’s law and other forms of superstition, in order to avoid the expose of his actions, and to prevent us from awakening and repenting for the weaknesses that enabled him to rule over us. Of course, we are able to react in a mature way to various troubles we encounter in life, if we regularly re-examine our 287 reactions to stress and if we repent for the weaknesses we become aware of, which are provoked in times of trouble. Yet, even the awareness that victory over life temptations depends on us is not resistant on more subtle superstitions, which lead us to use our will in a wrong way, repenting for the wrong thing. We mostly think about repentance when we are in trouble. Religion claims that troubles are most commonly the consequence of an un-repented sin that makes Satan gain the hold of our souls, and thus induce us to fall into an even greater sin or discouragement through difficult temptations (tragedies). In order to prevent us from comprehending the true nature of our temptations and misfortunes, Satan attacks us with temptations and troubles at the right time and in the right way which will make us struggle in the wrong field. Superstitious people will believe that a black cat that crossed their path is guilty for their troubles. Those who practice meditation will think that the source of their misfortune lies in telling the name of their own mantra to another person in spite of that prohibition, and instead of reinspecting the motives for practicing meditation (and these are the attempts to remove unpleasant consequences of sinful feelings by magic), they blame themselves for the act that has nothing to do with the cause of their problems. Religious people will blame themselves for their troubles, because they were working on a red letter day (i.e. day when one is not meant to work) in the church calendar or because they did not repeat their prayer enough, but not because they are otherwise driven by bad motives in life. An astrologer will think that the stars are responsible for their problems, and so on. BIBLICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ASTROLOGICAL PHENOMENON Is Martin Luther right when he says that „those who watch the stars denote these God’s creations as if they are dangerous things, as if they overshadow the Earth and cause all the troubles“? 288 Astrologers believe that crime rates increase around the time of the full moon. There is a widespread belief among many nations that the full moon is the source of mental disorders. In the MerriamWebster dictionary we read that the meaning of English word „lunatic“, besides the meaning of „a person who is insane or of unsound mind”, also has the meaning of „intermittent insanity once believed to be related to phases of the moon“. Analogical to the meaning of the English word „lunatic“, Greek word „seleniazomai“ means „to be moon-struck or lunatic”. That word was used in the New Testament as the denotation of a sick young man whom his father brought to Christ and his disciples to cure him: “And when he was come to the multitude, there came to him a man falling down on his knees before him saying: Lord, have pity on my son, for he is a lunatic, and suffereth much: for he falleth often into the fire, and often into the water.“ (Matthew 17:14-15) Can we explain such a phenomenon in a scientific way, and not be deluded by scientific methodology? If we did not know any other factor, we would naturally conclude that the full moon was guilty for the young man’s illness that it made him jump into fire or water. Reliance on the scientific methods of measurement and experiment would lead us straight to the mistake of blaming the stars in the sky for evil on Earth. Such an approach can even make religious people naturally conclude that God Himself is guilty for evil, since He allowed unjust influences over our psyche. Let us observe Christ’s explanation of the astrological phenomenon. Answering to the comment which insinuated that God made a mistake in creation of this world when he let celestial bodies rule over our will, instead to making us responsible for our actions, Christ offered no repentance or apology. The Holy Scriptures have a very simple explanation of this aspect of the astrological phenomenon, so we read: „And Jesus rebuked him, and the devil went out of him, and the child was cured from that hour.“ (Matthew 17:18) 289 Now we understand that a demon led the young man to try to commit a suicide exactly in the time which could be connected with the corresponding phases of the moon, so that responsibility for evil could be shifted from us to an astrological element. It also becomes clear why the belief that the moon is guilty for series of criminal acts, various mental disorders and psychological phenomena, is widespread among the nations of the world, and how it got so widespread. Satan himself has the power to induce people to committing certain actions in accordance with positions of celestial bodies, in order to his hold over his victims, and to provoke them into thinking that the cause of their problems is in the influence of celestial bodies, rather than themselves. If this is true, then Satan also has the power to adjust someone’s birth with a corresponding zodiacal sign, and then to slow down or to speed up one’s moment of birth in order to arrange a certain ascendant! Finally, if this is the truth, it could be checked by scientific methodology. Every anthropological type has the same chance to be born on any date during the year. There is no natural reason for individuals belonging to one and the same human population with the specific genes corresponding to their anthropological origin, to show greater tendency to be born on a certain date, in relation to individuals of different anthropological origins. If we would recognize the principle that all people of a certain origin are really born under the corresponding sign and ascendant, then we would have proof of an effect of some new, unknown to us, natural laws, which explain the astrological phenomenon. Nevertheless, if we notice that a certain anthropological type is more commonly born under the zodiacal sign that correspond to it than under others zodiacal signs, then that would be the argument that some reasonable being (not an accident nor a natural law) really has the power to influence the time of our birth in a definite number of cases, in order to lead us into belief that our life is determined by the position of celestial bodies. We still do not know in which chromosome, or in which place of the chromosome, are the main 290 genes located – those which mostly exert the influence on development of our abilities we will be prone to misuse during our life, the attributes that are the pure essence of anthropological types, as indicated in our context. That restrains us from accurately establishing the rate of representation of the most important genes in different zodiacal signs, but we still can establish the presence of those genes whose phenotype data is available to us, and in our case these are the blood groups ABO (chromosome 9) and RH factor (chromosome 1). Data from the Institute of Blood Transfusion in Belgrade are obtained on the basis of analysis of 324026 (238800 male and 85226 female) examinees. The curve that shows a percentage of representation of different blood types during the whole year should be straight as blood type does not depend upon the time of conception, or vice versa. If only a few hundred people were analyzed, then there would be a strong possibility to get an incorrect curve due to the factor of accident, but a huge number of examinees – over three hundred thousand people, should have been enough to eliminate this factor and the curve should have been absolutely flat. However, the research demonstrated that the curve was not flat and that there was a discrepancy against the expected average. People with one blood type were born in percentage which was different from month to month, in relation to people of some other blood type. It is interesting that the curve had the same shape even when the examined population was divided into two groups, of which the first one consisted of the persons who were born in uneven years, and the second one consisted of the persons born in even years. Yet, when the comparative analysis of differences between the sexes was done, the shape of the curve changed. When we know which blood type corresponds to which anthropological type, then this discrepancy from the flat line reveals its deeper meaning. The blood type A is the oldest blood type, and this is why it characterizes populations of different and mutually distant genetic origin (the Nordids, the Finno-Ugric and the original 291 Semites). The blood type O is typical for the nations of closer genetic origin, with an increased level of male hormones (Dinarids, all branches of Mediterranids and Cro-Magnons), but also the mediterranized Semites (Arabs, Jews and Dravids). Those populations which originated by interbreeding of various anthropological types in ancient history, today can be characterized by predomination of any blood type, due to genetic drift (for example, American Indians are mostly characterized by the blood type O due to their mixing with the Dinaride-Mediterranean population and to genetic drift which resulted in an accidental loss of other blood groups). Unlike the blood types of which every one is typical for several different populations, the blood type B exclusively comes from the Mongols. Thus, that blood type is best used when determining the relationship between someone’s zodiacal sign and their genetic origin. Astrologers believe that a zodiacal sign is often inherited from one of the parents, and a ascendant from the other. If that experience really is the consequence of Satan’s interference by adjusting the corresponding zodiacal sign and ascendant, in order to make us search for excuses of our character weaknesses in the stars and give up of responsible governance over ourselves, we will be able to define the correlation. As blood type B corresponds to Mongols who have the psychophysical attributes of Cancer, and if Satan does have the power to affect the time of their birth, we expect persons with the blood type B to be born more often under the sign of Cancer than under any other zodiacal signs. 292 Let us notice the obvious percentage increase of the number of persons born with the blood type B during the period which corresponds to the zodiacal sign of Cancer (the second part of June and the first part of July, the fourth sign of Zodiac). Since Capricorn represents the mixture of Aries (Dinarids) and Cancer (Mongols), it is clear why the persons born under the zodiacal sign of Capricorn, right after Cancer, are characterized by the greatest representation of the blood type B. The analysis of the differences between the sexes showed that men with blood type B were more frequently born under the zodiacal sign of Capricorn than under the sign of Cancer, which was logical since Cancer is a feminine sign and Capricorn represents the characteristics of Cancer with emphasized masculine attributes, due to its mixing with Aries (Dinarids). The least number of persons with blood type B were born under the signs of Virgo and 293 Gemini, which was understandable if we kept in mind that Virgo (Alpids) are emotionally cold, and that Gemini (Nordids) relied more on reason than on feelings. Such correlations affirms the religious explanation of the astrological phenomenon, which means that the functioning of socalled astrological factor is not caused by the influence of celestial bodies on humanity, but by Satan who has the power to match the moment of birth of a person with a corresponding genetic origin, with the corresponding zodiacal sign. Satan knows that the temptations of character are inherited from parents and by his intervention he tries to make the impression that they depend on the stars instead of heritage. He leads people to sin at the moment and in the way which will help them justify their actions by calling upon the astrological element. Sometimes Satan adjusts our birth with the zodiacal sign which does not correspond to our inherited character features and then leads us to fall into its sins. Eventually, he shows the stars of that zodiacal sign’s constellation to the person, as if they are responsible for their collapse and troubles. Satan is capable of influencing events on Earth; he also has the ways of exposing his plans through the mouths of various mediums (prophets, visionaries, fortune tellers, radiesthesists). He convinces people that there exists destiny which cannot be avoided, except if they take some meaningless actions which will distract them from their real spiritual fight and cause them struggle on the wrong fields: most commonly, to perform some magic or religious rituals which have nothing to do with repentance for those sins that made them the victims of Satan’s authority and power. Like the most skilful magician, he deceives millions of people and misleads them from the right path. Now we understand why astrologers even today interpret the influence of the astrological factor in the same way as in ancient times, when they believed that the planets were divine beings. Irrespective of whether their acts have a form of science, modern astrologers – on the basis of their calculations, predict such events in our destiny which cannot be the fruit of some natural law’s 294 influences, but only the result of the influence of reasonable and powerful beings, as Satan and his demons are. To immoral human hearts it does not seem strange to believe that unreasonable celestial constellations have the power to create events on Earth as if they are conscious beings, but it is strange to them to think that such a power can be possessed by one conscious and powerful being – Lucifer, whom Christ called the ruler of this world. They do not feel odd when they believe in human’s telepathic, bio-energetic and psychokinetic powers, but they feel odd to think that such a power of influence on our thoughts and actions, along with the healing abilities and the power to affect the events on Earth, Satan possesses. CLAIRVOYANCE AND PROPHECY It is not rare to meet people who reasonably refuse to trust in astrology, but who admit that it largely works in their lives and that the events predicted by their natal chart are really happening. We have similar experience with people who encountered different forms of clairvoyance and prophecy. For instance, a young man claims: “I principally do not believe in coffee cup reading, because it does not make sense that someone can tell my past and future in this way, but I cannot lie and say that this woman had not guessed my past exactly and foretold future events, which really took place after we had met!” Regardless of whether the experience of clairvoyance and prophecy takes the form of pagan superstition, spiritualism, science or religion, any sensible and truth-loving person has to wonder about their origin. Parapsychological explanation of clairvoyance flatters human vanity and desire for power, because in it they see hidden forces of human mind, which have the power to know what is happening in some other place where the individual is not present. While the pendulum is swinging back and forth, or the person is reading from a coffee cup interpreting the bottom, their attention, 295 the same as with a magic trick, is diverted from the true source of supernatural ability – from satanic inspiration, which is swinging the arm or interpreting coffee stains. Nevertheless, in some cases a true origin of such a phenomenon can be obvious. One reader published a letter titled “Someone inside of me” in Secrets magazine: “It happened about two years ago. I was in the third year of high school. That day the classes were held in the afternoon. During one of the breaks between classes, I remained at my desk in order to make arrangements about an outing with a few friends. Our planning was normal and quiet until it happened to me. In that moment I had a feeling as if someone stepped into my body and merged with me. Then I got so cold and was not aware of what was happening. Wherever I looked I felt as if someone was looking through my eyes too… I told my friends that something was wrong with me, that something odd was happening to my body, as if there was another being inside of me. They started laughing because they thought I was joking. Nevertheless, I got up and started walking across the classroom. I felt as if I did not touch the ground. As if I was floating. The feeling was both nice and ugly. Ugly – because the whole thing bothered me. I had buzzing in my ears and felt uncomfortable and nice at the same time. I felt like I was dreaming, but I was completely awake. I started talking to myself: “Get out of me!”, “This is so disturbing!” until I found myself yelling and jumping all over the classroom. My friends just stood there watching me. They were completely confused, but I was even more so. I went to the window and looked down the street. Since the street was known for frequent car accidents, for a moment I thought (I did not know why) that it had been a while since the last accident. It was at that moment that the accident happened. I sat back at my desk and explained to my best friend what was going on, that I did not know what was happening to me, that I felt as if I was dreaming. Then, without thinking, I started saying 296 things that I could not comprehend why I was saying them. Everything I thought of came true at the very moment I thought of it. The being inside of me made me think those thoughts and utter those meaningless words. I wanted it out of me as soon as possible… It (finally) left me after about two hours. I felt a little dizzy and then it was gone. I could not believe it happened to me, and then, in that single moment, it just – ‘vanished’.” Manifestation of the same demonic force was revealed in the Gospel, in the description of the encounter of Apostle Paul and a clairvoyant person: “And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain girl having a pythonical spirit met us, who brought to her masters much gain by divining. A pythonical spirit... That is, a spirit pretending to divine, and tell fortunes. This same following Paul and us, cried out, saying: These men are the servants of the Most High God, who preach unto you the way of salvation. And this she did many days. But Paul being grieved, turned and said to the spirit: I command thee, in the name of Jesus Christ, to go from her. And he went out the same hour.“ (Acts 16:16-18) Let us observe how this slave possessed by demonic spirit told the truth about the servants of the God almighty before her, but in doing so she wrongly presented the truth about herself and her psychic spirit, giving a wrong impression that her inspiration had the same spiritual origin as Apostle Paul’s. Today we can meet characters who present themselves as Christians, but they feed off of the Gospel in order to influence pious people, but the spirit and character they promote is quite the opposite from the spirit and character of the Gospel. For those who successfully foretell future, but advocate the principles contrary to truth and justice, the Holy Testament reveals that the truthfulness of their predictions is no proof of their being inspiration by God’s Spirit: “If there arise among you a prophet, or a dreamer of dreams, and giveth thee a sign or a wonder. And the sign or the wonder 297 come to pass, whereof he spake unto thee, saying, Let us go after other gods, which thou hast not known, and let us serve them; Thou shalt not hearken unto the words of that prophet, or that dreamer of dreams.” (Deuteronomy 13:1-4) In foretelling of future events, as well as astrological experiences, Satan as “the god of this world”, as Apostle Paul referred to him, has a great power to realize his plans previously conveyed through his mediums in the form of prophecies, and thus create an illusion of knowing the future. Of course, if there is a God, it is realistic to think that He himself will reveal his warnings and plans to humankind, and endow his servants with the gift of prophecy when there are real needs of other people which cannot be revealed otherwise (in order to help them), but we should bear in mind that Satan himself has the power to imitate this gift, with entirely different function, of course – with the intention to respond to our sinful and self-righteous needs. Unlike divine revelations which most often represent warnings of a kind, or calls for repentance in order to avoid an imminent disaster, satanic mediums mostly speak of the future as unchangeable destiny in order to achieve the opposite goal and so discourage us in our spiritual struggle and victory, or they present us with future in light of false optimism to make us careless and liberate us from the awareness of our personal responsibility. WHAT DOES THE SUCCESS OF WILL DEPEND ON? Many people who were predicted to have an evil fate by astrologers and fortunetellers tried to avoid it by striking attempts of their own will, but with no success. Does it still mean that there is a destiny? No, but the problem lies in the fact that they used their will in the wrong way, without questioning the motives of their hearts and truly repenting for their sins. They tried to avoid their fate technically, not spiritually. They wanted to solve their problems just so they could continue to lead their sinful and useless lives which 298 serve neither for the glory of God, nor the benefit of other people. In this state of un-repentance, God could not help them without them abusing this help. Yet, there are quite the opposite examples, when people responded with repentance to the prophecies of evil fate and were saved from the evil fate itself by God’s intervention. A young man was invited to ‘the summoning of ghosts’. At first he was reluctant to accept the invitation because he had heard that demons appeared during such sessions and imitated the spirits of the dead. But after being called a ‘coward’ by his friends, it fueled vanity in him, so he decided to attend. He intended to observe the session from the corner, without direct participation. During the session, ‘communication’ with ‘the soul of the dead’ was established. And then, to the surprise of all the present, ‘the ghost’ spoke to the young man standing aside. Moving over the table, the glass wrote: “Dejan will die in a car accident!” There was dead silence. Everybody looked towards Dejan. A girl burst into histerical laughter. Dejan was horrified because he felt the shadow of death coming over him. Scenes of his life, sins that made him lose God’s approval and protection came before his eyes. He thought that there still might be a hope that God would forgive him his sins and save him from death. Under the heavy pressure of discouragement telling him that he was too late with his repentance, he went home, got on his knees and confessed his sins before God, begging for mercy and liberation from imminent death. When he opened the Holy Testament, his eyes were fixed to the following words: "Behold, the eye of the Lord is on them that fear him, on them that hope in his mercy; to deliver their soul from death, and to keep them alive in famine." (Psalm 33:18-19) After a few days Dejan went to the swimming pool near Smederevo, town where he lived, with his friends. That evening, after a pleasant afternoon, he and his friends hitchhiked in order to go back to town. Soon a car pulled over. There was enough room for him and his friends in the car, but not so for his friend whom he had met just before the car stopped. Dejan decided to stay and continue hitchhiking with his friend, and his friends took the drive to 299 Smederevo. Soon Dejan and his friend decided to walk to the town. After twenty or thirty minutes they witnessed the sight which took their breath away. The smashed car with Dejan’s friends and the driver all dead laid just off the road. One seat in the car remained empty. It was Dejan’s seat. MAGIC RITUALS It is just for people to find their way out of destiny, that is, to be liberated from the rule of the satanic force over their own self, in the case they truly repent for the sins that made them fall as Satan’s prey, not when they make a gesture with their hand, utters some words, or performs some other magic ritual which does not involve the inner reform of their spirit. Whenever one intends to perform a magic ritual, that is, an action they expect will help them achieve a goal in a supernatural way, their own conscience makes them aware of their injustice, and their common sense makes them aware of the meaninglessness of such an action. Such an action may take the form of meditation. In Meditation by Sri Chinmoy we read about a remark of a student compelled by their conscience and a reply of the spiritual teacher who suffocates the voice of conscience: "Question: When I try to meditate, there is something that holds me back. Answer: The thing that holds you back is fear. If you want the wealth which is deep inside you, then you have to dive within bravely. Only if you have inner courage can you receive the inner wealth. Fear of the unknown and the unknowable prevents you from diving deep within. ... The vastness of truth will never harm you. It will only embrace and fulfil you." (Sri Chinmoy, Meditation, pg 126) Magic rituals, rites and actions may take different forms. 300 In case of educated people, they have a scientific form – for instance, by sitting in the center of an ‘energy’ source which will give them supernatural strength, or while holding hands under gushing water, when the negative energy seemingly leaves their body. Such phenomena may take the form of breathing exercises, which are not bad in themselves, but may become a trap when one starts seeking their spiritual satisfaction in them, as much as eating tasty food is not bad in itself, until one starts seeking satisfaction in this act. With people who lack conscience but are honest, the act of will which serves to achieve a goal may take a conscious and open satanistic form – for instance, through the summoning of Satan in order to give one knowledge, power or healing. Those with sensitive and hypocritical conscience cannot do so and ask for evil such a conscious and open way, so their deception often takes the form of religion. They seek satisfaction in religious sacraments they attribute mystical and superstitious meaning to. When such religiousness takes its tragic toll, the believer will tend to blame their spiritual downfall on their own incautiousness, for letting the communion bread accidentally drop out of their mouth by chewing gum or by using a toothbrush, believing that in this way they dropped a part of God out of their body: SHOULD WE BRUSH OUR TEETH AFTER TAKING HOLY COMMUNION? After taking Holy Communion teeth should not be brushed out of practical reason for the whole day, so that a particle of Holy Secrets, which might get stuck in a tooth or between teeth, is not washed and spat out with toothpaste. SHOULD WE TAKE OFF OUR CROSS DURING BATHING OR SHOULD WE BATHE WITH IT ON? Taking off the cross is not recommended, since one may die after doing so, and may also be spellbound (since they are not 301 protected).” (Advise me, father! – Replies of the priests and spiritualists to common doubts in everyday Christian and church life, Svetigora, pg 20-21) One must deny commonsense analyses of their motives and actions to agree to such unjust and meaningless techniques to solve their problems. The neglected use of common sense is then compensated by irrational reference to authorities, experience, emotions, miracles, supernatural events whose purpose is to deceive and calm one’s guilty conscience. And miracles (strong elevated emotions, manifestations of supernatural power and healing, etc.), which will be used by Satan himself to bless meaningless actions, will by no means be lacking. THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF MIRACLES Although one would naturally think that miracles in religion function as proofs of righteousness of a certain belief, according to the Holy Testament, this is not their true function, because Satan himself has the power to make them. For those who have done miracles in the name of Jesus Christ, but violated demands of God’s law, Christ said that he had never known them: “Many will say to me in that day: Lord, Lord, have not we prophesied in thy name, and cast out devils in thy name, and done many miracles in thy name? And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, you that work iniquity.“ (Matthew 7:22-23) Let us pay attention to Christ’s concept of lawlessness which is typical of those who did miracles in the name of Christ, and for whom Christ said he had never known them. One’s attitude towards God’s law is very important, for God’s law is the only criterion for discerning good from evil: “Love therefore is the fulfilling of the law.” (Romans 13:10), and “Sin is iniquity.” (1 John 3:4). As a criterion of good and evil – God’s law is revealed to every person through their common sense and conscience, regardless of whether they are religious or not, because every person when tempted makes the choice between good and evil. “For there is no respect of persons 302 with God. For not the hearers of the law are just before God: but the doers of the law shall be justified. For when the Gentiles, who have not the law, do by nature those things that are of the law; these, having not the law, are a law to themselves. Who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness to them: and their thoughts between themselves accusing or also defending one another. In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ, according to my gospel.“ (Romans 2:11-16) The Holy Testament reveals that God’s law will be particularly disregarded in the period preceeding Christ’s Second Coming: "Many false prophets will appear and deceive many people, and because lawlessness will increase, the love of many people will grow cold." (Matthew 24:11-12) If the temptation of the world is breaking of God’s law (the Ten Commandments), then the answer to the temptation of such world is the truth about God’s law. However, the false spiritual prophesies of the modern age, submissive to human hedonism, actually advocate the illusion that by dying on the cross of Golgotha Christ cancelled God’s law. Such a false spiritual reformation of the modern age preaches God’s love in the spirit of the Eastern concept of love. Love is taken as a pleasant emotion which satisfies human selfishness, not a behavioral motive which forces one to act in accordance with God’s Ten Commandments. As behind these pleasant emotions un-devoted hearts lie, the conscience of such people is not clear, so they fear God’s law and God’s justice, because they are subject to their damnation. Due to their guilty conscience they are afraid of using the concept of sin and guilt, and deprive the notion of God in their minds of the attribute of righteousness. Since their conscience is not clear they have a strong need to use their emotions and various miracles which follow them throughout their lives to prove to themselves that they are in peace with God. Unlike them, those who really lead their lives with pure conscience have no need for any proofs and other means to reassure themselves they are on the right path and in peace with God. They are pleased with simple faith in God, His mercy and His salvation from sin. 303 If we deal with astrological calculations in order to check the extent of our rise above their influence, and thus find the proof of the successful and mature use of our will, we can lead ourselves into temptation of self-delusion, because Satan himself has the power to inspire us to commit actions which differ from astrological predictions, in order to assure us that we have taken the right path and seemingly left our destiny, that is, his plan for us. One who is truly on the right path will not need to prove that they are on the right path, just like a healthy person does not need to yell “Oh, how well are my kidneys and other internal organs performing!” They will not be aware of their internal organs if they are healthy. If they are not satisfied with simple trust in God and His promises of mercy with pure conscience, it means that they are still unrepentant in their hearts. Only the guilty ones have the need to feel their own righteousness. The whole system of pseudo-religion has the purpose to provide people with a feeling of certainty in salvation which calms their guilty conscience. However, if they truly repented for their sins, they would have pure conscience and there would be no need for a pseudo-religious system. False religious experience releases people not of their sin, but the responsibility for their sins, so that is the reason why the research done in our country and throughout the world reveals that on average, religious people are worse (more prone to conflicts, etc.) than those who openly declare themselves as atheists. Beside the function of self-justification, miracles may also be an answer to the needs of people with a strong desire for power. Satan has the power to make healing miracles, mostly by removing the symptoms of the disease he himself caused to happen. His supernatural miracles of healing may take the form of religion for those who are believers, then the form of science (bioenergy) for those who are atheists, and may take no form when done by those who openly admit they are satanists and that Satan himself gives them the power to heal, knowledge, influence, power, etc. The only way to verify the origin of the supernatural experience itself lies in 304 the sensible analysis of its meaning, not by referring to own experiences and emotions. “Counsel shall keep thee, and prudence shall preserve thee that thou mayst be delivered from the evil way.“ (Proverbs 2:11-12) Relying on one’s own impressions and emotions is not recommended in the Holy Testament: “He that boasteth and puffeth up himself, stirreth up quarrels: but he that trusteth in the Lord, shall be healed.“ “A fool receiveth not the words of prudence: unless thou say those things which are in his heart.“ (Proverbs 28:26;18:2) When we realize, by rational analysis, that a miracle strives to compensate our need for a responsible re-examination of the righteousness of our own spiritual experience, or the righteousness of a certain belief, then we can be sure the miracle does not come from God. HOW TO KEEP ONESELF FROM ASTROLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS SUPERSTITION? No matter how absurd it may seem at first, without a true divine revelation addressed to our reason, our limitation with our own experience and scientific methodology may be the source of our delusion with false religious experience. The greatest delusion an atheist can fall for is their temptation to become religious based on the indisputable arguments of their own experience, instead of basing it on their voluntary choice of will, and reasonable and responsible knowledge of God’s character. When their experience confronts them with indisputable signs of the supernatural, many will believe in the divine nature of such an experience, and by this miracle be forced to become religious in the wrong way and out of the wrong motives. The Bible speaks about the “Lawless one” who will appear just before the end of the world and create miracles to deceive people: “And then that wicked one shall be revealed: whom the Lord Jesus shall kill with the spirit of his mouth and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: him whose coming is 305 according to the working of Satan, in all power and signs and lying wonders: therefore God shall send them the operation of error, to believe lying, that all may be judged who have not believed the truth but have consented to iniquity.“ (2 Thessalonians 2:9-11) The Bible reveals that Satan presents himself as the ’angel of the light’ (2 Corinthians 11:14) and that he will be allowed to make great miracles right before the end of the world: “And he did great signs, so that he made also fire to come down from heaven unto the earth, in the sight of men. And he seduced them that dwell on the earth...” (Revelation 13:13-14) When asked about his second coming, Jesus Christ said to his disciples: “Then if any man shall say to you, Lo here is Christ, or there: do not believe him. For there shall arise false Christs and false prophets and shall show great signs and wonders, insomuch as to deceive (if possible) even the elect.” (Matthew 24:23-24) All those who blindly rely on the principle to believe only in what they can see, will believe in false Christ – Antichrist or the Lawless One, and false prophets. Those who are not willing to believe in God based on the sensible revelation of His supreme character of love, will be tempted and forced by sensual proofs to believe in Antichrist, whose appearance and miracles will be scientifically and empirically indisputable. Life in accordance with truth is what keeps us from delusions. If we live in conflict with our reason and conscience, the truth bothers us, and delusion becomes a need of our guilty conscience, for we want to justify our motives and actions as righteous before our own conscience. THE ASTROLOGICAL TYPES AND MANIPULATION As long as we govern ourselves responsibly we cannot be manipulated. But when we give up the responsibility to govern ourselves sensibly and responsibly, the weaknesses of our character naturally start governing us. And as long as we are governed by 306 character weaknesses, external influences may also govern us through these undefeated weaknesses. As the foundation of our responsible control over our own selves is based upon our common sense, conscience and will, the foundation of manipulation over other people is based on their refusal to use their mind (mindlessness), on the manipulation over their guilty conscience (guilt) and the manipulation over their (sinful) driving motives. We will use the following analysis to show that, as long as we can recognize the traits of any Zodiac sign in ourselves, we will be the victim of manipulation through these traits, because the traits of Zodiac signs are human weaknesses presented in positive light by astrology, in order to prevent us from fighting them. MANIPULATION BY MOTIVES The Scorpio type can easily be manipulated through their sensual weaknesses, but also through their suspicion. Fiery signs of Aries, Leo and Sagittarius, along with Libra, can be manipulated through their vanity; Aries through their pride, Leo through their desire for power, Sagittarius through their arrogant independence, and Libra by bragging and flattering them. The Virgo type can be manipulated through fear and suspicion. Cancer and Pisces can be manipulated by emotions which satisfy their selfish sentimentality, and Gemini can be consciously manipulated through their exploitation. MANIPULATION BY MINDLESSNESS Those who are moved by ill motives are naturally afraid to use their reason, because the reason would unveil their behavioral motives as meaningless, and lead him into conflict with their own conscience, which would ask them to repent and reform. Therefore, they are prone to deny their common sense, and rely on something 307 or someone else who will think and decide instead of themselves; whether it be authority (the temptation typical of Virgo, Cancer, Pisces), views and opinions of the majority (Libra, Pisces), the system of rules (recipes) for conduct (Virgo, Scorpio, Pisces), the voice of their huge Ego (Aries, Leo, Sagittarius), or their own emotions (Cancer, Pisces). Gemini is the only one of all types who cannot be manipulated through mind (delusion), for they are mostly governed by common sense. MANIPULATION BY GUILT Submission of will to ill motives results in guilty conscience, that is, the feeling of guilt. Therefore, this allows manipulation by influences which awaken the feeling of guilt, or the ones which liberates from the feeling of guilt. The Virgo type can be most easily manipulated by the feeling of guilt, followed by Scorpio. Both types can develop tendency towards masochism, which can also make them suitable for adequate sort of manipulation. The Cancer and Aries types cannot confront the healthy awareness of their own responsibility, let alone guilt. The former rejects the pressure in order to maintain their pleasant emotions, while the latter does not want to ruin the imaginary notion of their own value in their eyes, so the manipulation by guilt does not work in these cases. Aries feel no guilt because they cannot comprehend of being guilty of something. Instead of themselves, others are to blame. Leo, Sagittarius and Libra are similar to Aries. The psychological types of Cancer, Pisces and Gemini can be manipulated by offering psychological satisfaction for their guilty conscience through pleasant emotions. If they are religious, it can be done by experiencing the atmosphere of a spiritual temple, or through meditation and arousal of pleasant emotions which suffocate awareness of their own responsibility, and if they are atheists, the same effects can be accomplished by alcohol, narcotics, abuse of music, etc. The Pisces type tends to suffocate guilt by arousing the feelings of self-pity. The sources of their satisfaction are the means for manipulation over them. 308 When people beat their own weaknesses, then there is nothing for them to be manipulated through, nor do they have guilty conscience through which they could be manipulated, nor are they afraid to use their reason, so they are not prone to the delusions of mind. When one loses all similarities with any of the Zodiac signs, that one cannot be manipulated anymore. WHY CAN A MATURE SPIRITUAL PERSON NOT RECOGNIZE THE ATTRIBUTES OF THEIR SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE AND CHARACTER IN HOROSCOPE? Can a person with authentic spiritual experience recognize themselves in horoscope? Can a person who responds maturely to everyday life temptations recognize themselves in various traits of the Zodiac signs? SCORPIO The Scorpio type is vengeful and the Holy Testament forbids vengeance: “Say not: I will do to him as he hath done to me: I will render to every one according to his work.“ (Proverbs 24:29) No one has the right to take revenge by themselves; according to the Holy Testament, justice is in hands of civil authorities* (Fusnota: In ancient Israel, the criminal Law book stated the principle of justice “eye for an eye” to be just) or God himself. The Scorpio type feels their fanatic readiness to sacrifice their life for their religious goals is a solid sign of their righteousness before God. However, according to the Bible, the quality of motives which move us is more important than the intensity of our readiness itself: “And if I give all my possessions to feed the poor, and if I surrender my body to be burned, but do not have love, it profits me nothing.“ (1 Corinthians 13:3) Also, the Scorpio type is prone towards sensual pleasures, whereas the Bible considers blind satisfaction of bodily desires – a sin: “For you, brethren, have been called unto liberty. 309 Only make not liberty an occasion to the flesh: but by charity of the spirit serve one another. I say then: Walk in the spirit: and you shall not fulfill the lusts of the flesh. For the flesh lusteth against the spirit: and the spirit against the flesh: For these are contrary one to another: so that you do not the things that you would. And they that are Christ's have crucified their flesh, with the vices and concupiscences.“ (Galatians 5:13,16-17,24) Such a Christian attitude comes into conflict with the view represented by the spiritual father of contemporary sexual revolution Wilhelm Reich, who stated that a mass source of neurosis is – unsatisfied sexual desire. Wilhelm Reich concludes that the cure for neurosis lies in satisfying sexual desires. Nevertheless, Wilhelm Reich was not consistent to his philosophy. Does the frustration of other urges of our sinful nature not lead to neuroses? If an aggressive person feels thwarted in expressing their aggression, or a criminal in their criminal act, or a drug addict in their consumption of drugs, or an alcoholic in their consumption of alcohol, or a glutton in their excessive intake of food, or a smoker in their consumption of tobacco, is there not going to be an increased tendency towards neurosis as a consequence of their frustration? By following the logic of Wilhelm Reich, are we not going to conclude that hatred, murders, drug addiction, alcoholism, and yielding to any human urges are actually useful cures for neuroses, and that we should give in to them as much as possible? By following commonsense logic, we can understand that the cure for neurosis is not indulging in our bodily desires, but in our liberation from them. If we are free from bodily desires, we cannot experience their frustration, and therefore we cannot become neurotic. And if we are still governed by bodily desires, will we liberate ourselves from neuroses by satisfying them? Unrestrained yielding to bodily desires eventually leads to getting accustomed to an existing level of stimulation, while the suffocated discontent is still present, leading us towards immoderation and perversion. An immoderate and perverse person lives in constant frustration of their urges, because no one can satisfy all the urges they can think of. They did not want to go through the drill of 310 mature restraining of their urges, so now, whether they want it or not, they have to learn hypocritically, out of fear of going to prison or a mental institution. Statistics reveal that the percentage of neurotic persons after sexual revolution in the West drastically increased. In Jewish books of wisdom we read: “Extol not thyself in the thoughts of thy soul like a bull: lest thy strength be quashed by folly, and it eat up thy leaves, and destroy thy fruit, and thou be left as a dry tree in the wilderness“ (Sirach 6:2-3). The Holy Scriptures refer to all those who seek happiness in the wells of this world: “Why do you spend money for that which is not bread, and your labour for that which doth not satisfy you? Hearken diligently to me, and eat that which is good, and your soul shall be delighted in fatness. Incline your ear and come to me: hear and your soul shall live, and I will make an everlasting covenant with you.“ (Isaiah 55:2-3) LIBRA Libra is vain. Their basic motive of living is the pride of life. The Bible condemns pride, along with sensual and emotional sources of pleasure: „For all that is in the world is the concupiscence of the flesh and the concupiscence of the eyes and the pride of life, which is not of the Father but is of the world.“ (1 John 2:16) Pride is often the strength hiding behind human kindness. Awareness of the value of our own actions can lead to the temptation of pride, and that is why Christ makes us pay attention to the temptation of preoccupying ourselves with our good deeds: “But when thou dost alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doth.” (Matthew 6:3) The awareness of the impression our actions leave on other people can also be a temptation to perform good deeds, only to satisfy our vanity. “Take heed that you do not your justice before men, to be seen by them: otherwise you shall not have a reward of your Father who is in heaven.” (Matthew 6:1) Since their pride makes Libra vainly fear the loss of approval in society, their understanding of good and evil is perverted into tribal understanding, where the key question is not what kind of person 311 someone is (whether they steal, lie, cheat, murder), but whom they support (for whom they steal, lie, cheat, murder). If an evil act benefits the tribe (family, clan, class, religion, nation, party) then it is not considered to be evil. Such an understanding is the foundation of mob relations, source of corruption, bribery and nepotism in society. Unlike these tribal relations, the biblical God reveals the principles of justice: “Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment … Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man … For the Lord your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward; He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment” (Exodus 23:2; Deuteronomy 1:17;10:17-18). “One ordinance for you of the congregation, and also for the stranger that sojourneth with you, an ordinance for ever in your generations: as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the Lord. One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you” (Numbers 15:1516) The Holy Bible condemns Libra’s flattering spirit of false friendship: “A man that speaketh to his friend with flattering and dissembling words, spreadeth a net for his feet.” (Proverbs 29:5) Our popularity in society can be a consequence of our flattering attitude towards other people’s weaknesses: “Woe to you when men shall bless you: for according to these things did their fathers to the false prophets.” (Luke 6:26) The Bible claims that we should responsibly make friendly reprimands, even at the cost of losing other peoples’ approval and breaking false friendship: “Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thy heart: thou shalt surely rebuke thy neighbor, and not bear sin because of him.” (Leviticus 19:17). SAGITTARIUS Sagittarius cannot stand rules of conduct and restraints. They view demands of God’s law as chains of slavery. Basically, 312 everyone who understands the magnitude of the demands of God’s law can also recognize that these demands are in hostility with the sinful human nature. Through the demands of God’s law, religion forbids all those things one would naturally want: “You shall not covet.” (Romans 7:7), and holds us responsible for those things we would not naturally want to accept: “Love your enemies.” (Matthew 5:44), “Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering; Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another: even as Christ forgave you, so also do you.” (Colossians 3:12-13) What is the characteristic of the response of the psychological type of Sagittarius to the demands of God’s law? It lies in the fact that they place the voice of their sinful nature and their rebellious reaction to the demands of God’s law on the throne of their heart, as if that voice is important and relevant. In other words, Sagittarius has a huge Ego which hinders their acceptance of the character attributes which go beyond their own experience. When they comprehend the supreme demands of God’s law, they look at themselves waiting for their sinful nature to comply with God’s demands. As they cannot find such approval in themselves, they reject the authority of God’s law. However, there is no such person who would be able to find true love for God and people in their nature, the love which enables people to live in accordance with the God’s law: “Because the wisdom of the flesh is an enemy to God. For it is not subject to the law of God: neither can it be.“ (Romans 8:7) If we look for the force of love which will make us meet the demands of God’s law in ourselves, we will get tired and disappointed. Apostle Paul spoke of himself and his nature: “For I know that there dwelleth not in me, that is to say, in my flesh, that which is good. For to will is present with me: but to accomplish that which is good, I find not... Unhappy man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this death?“ (Romans 7:18,24) God says: “I have written to him the great things of my law, but they were counted as a strange thing.“ (Hosea 8:12) As the body (our nature) is sinful, the only way for usnot to commit sins is to stop relying on our body, and to start relying on God. 313 “Therefore, brethren, we are debtors, not to the flesh to live according to the flesh. For if you live according to the flesh, you shall die: but if by the Spirit you mortify the deeds of the flesh, you shall live. For whosoever are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God.“ (Romans 8:12-14) Let us note that, despite the fact that God’s law puts elevated demands before us, Apostle John says that “his commandments are not heavy“, and Christ himself says: “my yoke is sweet and my burden light“ (1 John 5:3; Matthew 11:30). God’s law is mild, if we do not look for its force in our nature, but in God Himself. “For it is God who worketh in you, both to will and to accomplish, according to his good will.“ (Philippians 2:13) It does not matter whether we are sinful by nature if we do not rely on our sinfulness, but believe and rely on God. Even though observing God’s law is natural when the spirit of God is within us, the spirit of God itself is not easy to be chosen. In the book of Sirah we read about a great spiritual struggle of humanity yielding to the demands of God’s wisdom: “Put thy feet into her fetters, and thy neck into her chains: Bow down thy shoulder, and bear her, and be not grieved with her bands. Come to her with all thy mind, and keep her ways with all thy power. Search for her, and she shall be made known to thee, and when thou hast gotten her, let her not go. For in the latter end thou shalt find rest in her, and she shall be turned to thy joy. Then shall her fetters be a strong defence for thee, and a firm foundation, and her chain a robe of glory. For in her is the beauty of life, and her bands are a healthful binding. Thou shalt put her on as a robe of glory, and thou shalt set her upon thee as a crown of joy.“ (Sirach 6:25-32) ARIES Even though Aries is brave and ready to perform heroic deeds for other people, behind their courage and self-sacrifice lies pride and arrogance. Pride and arrogance are basically the characteristic of the psychological type of Aries, and they are considered to be the greatest sins in Christianity. Pride naturally 314 strives to devalue worth and superiority of any other being, which is why Aries is prone to atheism. If they are religious when influenced by their surrounding, they base their religious experience on the things they do for God (sacrifice, heroism, undertakings...), not on what God does for them (mercy), so the Christian concept of salvation and Christ dying for the sins of this world is incomprehensible to them. They can see in Christ an example of martyrdom worthy of praise, but not their Redeemer from sin and guilt. They cannot conceive that they have done something wrong, even less that someone else could or should redeem them from something. If they cannot entwine their huge Ego into religion and be their own saviors, and even saviors of God’s honor, they will reject such a religion. The Bible represents a religion of the opposite principles: “But when the goodness and kindness of God our Saviour appeared: Not by the works of justice which we have done, but according to his mercy, he saved us, by the laver of regeneration and renovation of the Holy Ghost.“ (Titus 3:4-5) Instead of Christian religion, Aries is more comfortable with paganism. Due to their pride they do not worship animals whose strength, magnitude and power go beyond their own strength, magnitude and power. This is why we will not find this type thrilled with a dragon or a lion, because they feel small and weak before them. It would be much easier for us to find them worshipping a snake or a scorpion. For this very reason they tend to worship dead ancestors, whom they honor more than the living people around them. Dead ancestors cannot humiliate their proud Ego as people around them can, especially those in positions above them. Incapacity of proud Aries to put up with injustice is in direct conflict with Christ’s character, as described in the Bible: “Who, when he was reviled, did not revile: when he suffered, he threatened not, but delivered himself to him that judged him unjustly.“ (1 Peter 2:23) Christ himself said: “But I say to you not to resist evil: but if one strike thee on thy right cheek, turn to him also the other; And if a man will contend with thee in judgment, and take away thy coat, let go thy cloak also unto him.“ (Matthew 5:39-40) The religious type of Aries is here tempted to be 315 falsely tame and meek, which they fake out of the very pride and arrogance we can recognize by their frequently excessive emphasizing of their own unworthiness and sinfulness. The only cure for this vicious circle of pride due to their ’humility’ (that is, humiliation) is for a person to look up towards God, instead of dealing with themselves and ’bragging’ about their own sinfulness, and to deal with God’s mercy and righteousness revealed through the Bible. But, as Christ’s kindness devalues their own kindness and worth in their own eyes, this type of people tends to dismiss God’s kindness with the excuse that God cannot be known to human mind, and as such, we should not deal with him. Such an excuse differs from the doctrine of the Gospels which states: “And we have known that the Son of God is come, and hath given us a mind, that we may know Him who is true.“ (1 John 5:20) God’s character of love can only be known by reason, felt by emotions, chosen by will, and lived by heart (in terms of motivation). To those who deny reason Christ is still speaking: “You adore that which you know not.“ (John 4:22) LEO The basic driving motive of the psychological type of Leo is a desire for influence, control, governance and power. With this kind of motivation, Leo is not a type which comes to terms with their destiny and believes in determinism. However, since their will is moved by the desire for power which is the end in itself, they strive towards megalomaniac goals in their ventures, while they neglect the true capacity of will, and that is the power of choice. Their concept of God resembles the genie living in Aladdin’s enchanted lamp, which makes their megalomaniac intentions come true. In Non-Christianity their spiritual experience takes the form of magic, while in Christianity it often takes the form of so-called evangelic (spiritualist) religious communities, whereas in science it takes the form of interest in parapsychological powers. Sometimes it takes no form whatsoever, which makes it overtly satanistic. If they 316 want ensure healthy spiritual experience, the Leo type is tempted to take various elements of relationship with God into their own hands, which should never be held under their rule. Simple trust in God, belief that He will answer our prayers for He is love, comes into conflict with temptation of Leo, who wants to keep constant control of events over everything. They attempt to do things themselves that only God can do – salvation from sin, while neglecting what is up to them to do – choosing the Savior through encounter with His supreme character. Their tendency to save themselves from sin is in conflict with the Bible, which disproves such a power of human will: “If the Ethiopian can change his skin, or the leopard his spots: you also may do well, when you have learned evil.“ (Jeremiah 13:23) Strong will which gathers its strength from the desire for power can make Leo successfully restrain the expression of their ill nature, but not change the nature itself. Radical transformation of human nature, according to the Bible, is possible only by means of God’s intervention. “And the Spirit of the Lord shall come upon thee, and thou shalt prophesy with them, and shalt be changed into another man“ (1 Samuel 10:6). “And I will put my spirit in the midst of you: and I will cause you to walk in my commandments, and to keep my judgments, and do them.“ (Ezekiel 36:27) GEMINI Gemini have an exploitative character which leads them to live only for themselves and the people they consider to be their property (members of their own family, etc.). They view all other people as objects to be used. Such a character contradicts the character of Christian religion. Jesus Christ states the demands which oppose sinful human nature: “All things therefore whatsoever you would that men should do to you, do you also to them. For this is the law and the prophets.“ (Matthew 7:12) Multitude of Old Testament regulations had the purpose to liberate people from exploitations, and teach them how to live for one another: “And if thy brother be waxed poor, and his hand fail with thee; then thou 317 shalt uphold him: as a stranger and a sojourner shall he live with thee. Take thou no interest of him or increase, but fear thy God; that thy brother may live with thee. Thou shalt not give him thy money upon interest, nor give him thy victuals for increase.“ (Leviticus 25:35-37) “And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof. Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.“ (Exodus 23:10-12) The ancient Jewish wisdom advises: “Son, defraud not the poor of alms, and turn not away thy eyes from the poor. Despise not the hungry soul: and provoke not the poor in his want. Afflict not the heart of the needy, and defer not to gibe to him that is in distress. Reject not the petition of the afflicted: and turn not away thy face from the needy. Turn not away thy eyes from the poor for fear of anger: and leave not to them that ask of thee to curse thee behind thy back. For the prayer of him that curseth thee in the bitterness of his soul, shall be heard, for he that made him will hear him... Bow down thy ear cheerfully to the poor, and pay what thou owest, and answer him peaceable words with mildness; Deliver him that suffereth wrong out of the hand of the proud: and be not fainthearted in thy sou. In judging be merciful to the fatherless as a father, and as a husband to their mother. And thou shalt be as the obedient son of the most High, and he will have mercy on thee more than a mother.“ (Sirach 4:1-10) VIRGO The psychological type of Virgo is characterized by stinginess, as well as hypocritical contempt towards sinners. In the demands of the Old Testament, we read rules which are aimed at eradication of stinginess: “And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not wholly reap the corners of your field, neither shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest. And you shall not glean your vineyard, neither shall you gather every grape of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the poor and stranger: I am the 318 Lord your God.“ (Leviticus 19:9-10) The Old Testament’s Jewish wisdom says: “Many have refused to lend, not out of wickedness, but they were afraid to be defrauded without cause.“ (Sirach 29:10) Human tendency to hypocritically judge other people, or to feel disgusted in contact with overt sinners, is a typical trait of the psychological type of Virgo, which also defies the spirit of the Bible. The prophet from the Old Testament named Isaiah reveals God’s repugnance over the hypocrites who think they would desecrate themselves or become impure due to physical contact with other sinners: “That dwell in sepulchres, and sleep in the temple of idols: that eat swine's flesh, and profane broth is in their vessels. That say: Depart from me, come not near me, because thou art unclean: these shall be smoke in my anger, a fire burning all the day.“ (Isaiah 65:4-5) While people love sin, and despise sinners, God’s character reveals the spirit of the one who loves sinners, but despised sin: “The voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the voice of them that shall say: Give ye glory to the Lord of hosts, for the Lord is good, for his mercy endureth for ever: and of them that shall bring their vows into the house of the Lord: for I will bring back the captivity of the land as at the first, saith the Lord.“ (Jeremiah 33:11) According to the Bible, this tendency of the psychological type of Virgo to judge others is not a virtue but a weakness which reveals guilty conscience of those who judge: “Judge not, that you may not be judged.“ (Matthew 7:1). “Wherefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest. For wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself. For thou dost the same things which thou judgest.“ (Romans 2:1). “But thou, why judgest thou thy brother? Or thou, why dost thou despise thy brother? For we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. For it is written: As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me and every tongue shall confess to God. Therefore every one of us shall render account to God for himself. Let us not therefore judge one another any more. But judge this rather, that you put not a stumbling block or a scandal in your brother's way.“ (Romans 14:10-13) Taking meticulous care of the 319 formal righteousness of own behavior, and neglecting the purity of heart, which is a trait of the psychological type of Virgo, is unmasked in Christ’s speech addressed to the priesthood of that time: “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites; because you tithe mint and anise and cummin and have left the weightier things of the law: judgment and mercy and faith. These things you ought to have done and not to leave those undone. Blind guides, who strain out a gnat and swallow a camel. Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites; because you make clean the outside of the cup and of the dish, but within you are full of rapine and uncleanness. Thou blind Pharisee, first make clean the inside of the cup and of the dish, that the outside may become clean. Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites; because you are like to whited sepulchres, which outwardly appear to men beautiful but within are full of dead men's bones and of all filthiness. So you also outwardly indeed appear to men just: but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.“ (Matthew 23:23-28) CANCER The psychological type of Cancer is characterized by multiple abuses of emotions, which are particularly manifested in their spiritual experience. Instead of knowing God by His character, they try to know God psychologically (idolatry), and to find in Him the source of emotions which will suffocate awareness of the need to reform their own characters, just to avoid the witness of their sins. Such a system of religiousness differs from the doctrine of the Bible which calls people to use their minds in order to know God: “And we have known that the Son of God is come, and hath given us a mind, that we may know Him who is true.“ (1 John 5:20) In order to suffocate unpleasant awareness of their own sinfulness, the Cancer type tends to convince themselves that their nature is righteous and divine, and that the source of their spiritual problems lies in the negative thoughts from the outside. By doing this, instead of repenting for the wicked motives of their heart, they try to avoid 320 negative thoughts which are only an occasion for the manifestation of undefeated weaknesses of their heart. In order to keep their thoughts positive, they escape from reality into their own imaginary world, and blame external influences for their problems, failures and sins. Such a way of thinking contradicts Christ’s explanation that heart is the source of our problems, and that the thoughts are only the symptoms of our heart: "Are you so ignorant? Don't you know that nothing that goes into a person from the outside can make him unclean? ... It's what comes out of a person that makes a person unclean, because it's from within, from the human heart, that evil thoughts come, as well as sexual immorality, stealing, murder, adultery, greed, wickedness, cheating, shameless lust, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness." (Mark 7:18-22) The source of sin does not lie in some external influence, the effect of some negative energy, or whether some action is performed or not, but in the depth of the human heart: “All these evils come from within and make a person unclean.“ (Mark 7:23). Instead of reforming their character and their basic motives, the Cancer types tends to satisfy themselves with a change which is not deeper than their own emotions. Yet, according to the Bible, the criterion of righteousness of our spiritual experience is not our emotions, but living in accordance with God’s law. Without regard to human emotions, Jesus Christ says: “You will know them by their fruits.“ (Matthew 7:16) “He that hath my commandments and keepeth them; he it is that loveth me.“ (John 14:21) The Cancer type attempts to differentiate between good and evil based on whether their emotions are pleasant or not. However, the Bible teaches that without reason, one is not capable of distinguishing good and evil. “Depart from evil is understanding.“ (Job 28:28). “A foolish man has no pleasure in good sense, but only to let what is in his heart come to light.“ (Proverbs 18:2). When Apostle Paul criticized the religious zeal of the Jews, he revealed that honesty alone is not sufficient: “For I bear them witness that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. For they, not knowing the justice of God and seeking to establish their own, have not submitted themselves to the justice of God.“ (Romans 321 10:2-3) Without reason, people are not capable of judging the character of the motives which force them into religious or any other zeal. The Cancer type is naturally prone to perform good deeds by their selfish sentiment, and when they are tempted to lose their pleasant emotions due to the influence of external factors (because emotions naturally depend on external factors), they are also tempted to lose their ’kindness’. In times of tough external pressures sentimental kindness becomes sentimental weakness, and reveals its emptiness through cowardice and treachery. Under the pressure of authority, the Cancer type easily renounces their personality and becomes a slave of the person who dominates over them. The Bible condemns such a weakness in the following words: “You were bought with a price; do not become slaves of men.“ (1 Corinthians 7:23) Jesus Christ presented his disciples with the demands which cannot be fulfilled by selfish sentiment, but only by true unselfish love: “Every one therefore that shall confess me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven. But he that shall deny me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven.“ (Matthew 10:32-33) Christ proceeded to reveal the character of unselfish love that Cancer is definitely not able to fulfill, unless they beat their selfish sentiment and possessiveness: “He that loveth father or mother more than me, is not worthy of me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than me, is not worthy of me. And he that taketh not up his cross, and followeth me, is not worthy of me. He that findeth his life, shall lose it: and he that shall lose his life for me, shall find it.“ (Matthew 10:37-39) PISCES The psychological type of Pisces is characterized by self-pity, depression and ungratefulness. The root of their self-pity is an attempt to liberate themselves from the responsibility for their actions, because if they are miserable, then they cannot be blamed for their sins and failures. They give up the responsible use of will, do not fight temptations, and then blame these very temptations for 322 their misery, as if they did not have the freedom of will to fight them. Their immature reaction to stresses in life forces them into depression. Jesus Christ says: “Therefore I say to you, be not solicitous for your life, what you shall eat, nor for your body, what you shall put on. Is not the life more than the meat: and the body more than the raiment? Behold the birds of the air, for they neither sow, nor do they reap, nor gather into barns: and your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are not you of much more value than they? And which of you by taking thought, can add to his stature one cubit? And for raiment why are you solicitous? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: they labour not, neither do they spin. But I say to you, that not even Solomon in all his glory was arrayed as one of these. And if the grass of the field, which is to day, and to morrow is cast into the oven, God doth so clothe: how much more you, O ye of little faith? Be not solicitous therefore, saying: What shall we eat: or what shall we drink, or wherewith shall we be clothed? For after all these things do the heathens seek. For your Father knoweth that you have need of all these things. Seek ye therefore first the kingdom of God, and his justice, and all these things shall be added unto you. Be not therefore solicitous for to morrow; for the morrow will be solicitous for itself. Sufficient for the day is the evil thereof.“ (Matthew 6:25-34) Unlike the psychological type of Pisces, which tends to turn the sorrow for the death of a beloved one into lifelong suffering, in the books of wisdom of the Old Testament we can read this recommendation: “My son, shed tears over the dead, and begin to lament as if thou hadst suffered some great harm, and according to judgment cover his body, and neglect not his burial. And for fear of being ill spoken of weep bitterly for a day, and then comfort thyself in thy sadness. And make mourning for him according to his merit for a day, or two, for fear of detraction... For of sadness cometh death, and it overwhelmeth the strength, and the sorrow of the heart boweth down the neck. He seeth with his eyes, and groaneth, as an eunuch embracing a virgin, and sighing. Give not up thy soul to sadness, and afflict not thyself in thy own counsel. The joyfulness of the 323 heart, is the life of a man, and a never failing treasure of holiness: and the joy of a man is length of life. Have pity on thy own soul, pleasing God, and contain thyself: gather up thy heart in his holiness: and drive away sadness far from thee. For sadness hath killed many, and there is no profit in it.“ (Sirach 38:16-19; 30:2125) The psychological type of Pisces has high expectations of other people, which results in their eternal displeasure with other people and their disappointment with them. If they did not have any expectations of others, they would not get disappointed at them. However, no matter how wholeheartedly other people approach them, Pisces show constant ingratitude towards them, because they are led by the thought that other people are obliged to respond to their needs. They cannot allow in themselves the spirit of gratitude, because in such a case, they would lose the excuse for arousing depression. Such a spirit of ungratefulness is in conflict with the spirit of a religious person whose awareness of God’s mercy and forgiveness offers reasons for gratitude every day. The religion of the Bible is a religion of gratitude, which can be seen in its prayers and chants of gratitude, holidays of gratitude, and the gifts to God as a sign of gratitude. The Bible tells us: “Pray without ceasing. In all things give thanks for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you all.“ (1 Thessalonians 5:17-18) “And you shall rejoice in every good thing which the Lord your God has given to you, and to your house.“ (Deuteronomy 26:11) ABOVE ALL STARS Let us note how people who live responsibly and act maturely in their life temptations, or who have Christian spiritual experience, cannot recognize themselves in horoscope. Horoscope did not offer them their place under the sun. The behavior of such a person is not determined by the influence of genetics, external factors, nor inspiration by Satan. Astrological, magical, or any other influence has no rule over the spirit of those who have repented for their sins, and who are in peace with God: 324 “No spell can curse the descendants of Jacob. No magic can harm the people of Israel. Now it will be said of Jacob and Israel: 'See what God has done!'“ (Numbers 23:23) “What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who is against us? He that spared not even his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how hath he not also, with him, given us all things? Who shall accuse against the elect of God? God is he that justifieth: Who is he that shall condemn? Christ Jesus that died: yea that is risen also again, who is at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us. Who then shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation? Or distress? Or famine? Or nakedness? Or danger? Or persecution? Or the sword? (As it is written: For thy sake, we are put to death all the day long. We are accounted as sheep for the slaughter.) But in all these things we overcome, because of him that hath loved us. For I am sure that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor might, Nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.“ (Romans 8:31-39) ASTROLOGERS AND JESUS’ BIRTH According to the Bible, the sages from the East were the only people who knew the moment of Christ’s birth: “When Jesus therefore was born in Bethlehem of Judah, in the days of king Herod, behold, there came wise men from the East to Jerusalem, saying: Where is he that is born king of the Jews? For we have seen his star in the East, and are come to adore him.“ (Matthew 2:1-2) Were the wise men from the East astrologers? In the old times, people believed that the stars were divine personalities, who had a power to influence the events on Earth. The remains of this belief could be noticed in today’s astrologers who still think that celestial bodies have the power characteristic only for 325 the reasonable and mighty beings – for example, the power to determine whom you are going to meet on a certain day and what the result of that meeting will be. Since in the ancient time almost all the people were heathens and as such believed in star divinities, it is not strange that the sages from the East also were pagans, but it is a real miracle that they went to make their obeisance to Messiah of a monotheistic religion whose birth was foretold a long time ago, to Messiah of a religion which law was disapproving both astrology and heathenism: "Don't let yourselves be tempted to worship and serve what you see in the sky - the sun, the moon, the stars, or anything else. The Lord your God has given them to all people everywhere." (Deuteronomy 4:19) "This is what the Lord has said: Do not go in the way of the nations; have no fear of the signs of heaven, for the nations go in fear of them." (Jeremiah 10:2) “There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer ... For these nations, which thou shalt possess, hearkened unto observers of times, and unto diviners: but as for thee, the Lord thy God hath not suffered thee so to do.“ (Deuteronomy 18:10-14) "Your wisdom and your knowledge, they have deluded you; Stand fast now in your spells And in your many sorceries With which you have labored from your youth; Perhaps you will be able to profit, Perhaps you may cause trembling. You are wearied with your many counsels; Let now the astrologers, Those who prophesy by the stars, Those who predict by the new moons, Stand up and save you from what will come upon you. Behold, they have become like stubble, Fire burns them; They cannot deliver themselves from the power of the flame; There will be no coal to warm by Nor a fire to sit before!" (Isaiah 47:10, 12-14) 326 So, we are asking ourselves what could provoke the sages from the East to make their obeisance to the newly born Jesus Christ? How did they get the idea that He should be the King of Israel? Why did the sages from the East feel the need to bow before Jesus Christ at all? How did they find out where He was to be born? What did the star that showed them their way represent? Why the sages from the East, and not, for instance, the Jewish priests, were the only men who discovered the time and the place of Christ’s birth? How come God’s chosen people could not recognize the time and the place of birth of the Messiah t so long anticipated? Did not Jews themselves have the Holy Scriptures of the Old Testament? Did they not wait for the Messiah for over a thousand years, based on the Scriptures? How could it be done by foreigners, sages from the East, and not by the chosen people of Israel? According to the Bible, Israeli people were not willing to recognize Christ as their Savior; not in His birth, nor His life, and not even in His death. “He came unto his own: and his own received him not.“ (John 1:11) Despite the fact that they studied the Scriptures of the Bible, the Jews had the wrong vision of the promised Messiah under the influence of their ambitious motives and their self-righteous religiousness. They were too proud to admit that they needed the Messiah – the Savior from sin of their own hearts. Instead, they contemplated on how to liberate themselves from the Roman occupation, unaware that slavery befell them again due to their spiritual apostasy. This is why they interpreted the biblical prophecies in political instead of spiritual way, thinking that the Messiah would show up as their liberator from the Romans. And when the real Messiah showed up, they could not recognize him. Since the Messiah revealed their real nature and true motives of 327 their religious zeal, they sent him to death – just to suffocate the reprimand of their own conscience. But, somewhere in the East, there was a group of sages who were ready to recognize the Savior of their souls from sin in the promised Messiah. The three sages realized that empty philosophizing and meditative intoxication with emotions could not make them quench the thirst of their souls, and in their hearts arose the desire for something more sublime. We can presume how they came to the Messiah and recognized him in Jesus Christ. As sages, they studied the scriptures of different origins and, as astrologers, they naturally asked various questions about stars, human destiny and character. Perhaps these very questions: “Is it just and fair that we are governed by the stars, and that we do not have the power to govern ourselves?” “Is it possible to escape the destiny written in the stars?“ “How can we rise above our own destiny?” Beside all the other spiritual scriptures, the Scriptures of the Old Testament naturally came into their hands. They specifically paid special attention to any line that might have been connected to astrology. And then their attention was caught by the lines they could not immediately comprehend, but which they felt might represent the secret of fulfillment of their hopes: “He hath said, which heard the words of God, and knew the knowledge of the most High, which saw the vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but having his eyes open: I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh: there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth.“ (Numbers 24:16-17) “The people that walked in darkness, have seen a great light: to them that dwelt in the region of the shadow of death, light is risen... For a child is born to us, and a son is given to us, and the 328 government is upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, God the Mighty, the Father of the world to come, the Prince of Peace.“ (Isaiah 9:2,6) “Get thee up upon a high mountain, thou that bringest good tidings to Sion: lift up thy voice with strength, thou that bringest good tidings to Jerusalem: lift it up, fear not. Say to the cities of Juda: Behold your God; ... He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather together the lambs with his arm, and shall take them up in his bosom, and he himself shall carry them that are with young.“ (Isaiah 40:9,11). The sages were deeply moved by the finding of the promised Redeemer, the Star of Jacob, the Light that will lit up the land where death resides. With amazement they read the sublime principles of the Old Testament Scriptures, which were not known to other religions: “Thou shalt not avenge....“ (Leviticus 19:18). “Say not: I will return evil!“ (Proverbs 20:22) “Say not: I will do to him as he hath done to me.“ (Proverbs 24:29) “When thy enemy shall fall, be not glad.“ (Proverbs 24:17) “If thy enemy be hungry, give him to eat“ (Proverbs 25:21). While they were reading the elevated demands of God’s Law, they realized their own sinfulness, and the need to purify their own hearts of sin: “Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt not commit adultery. Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.“ (Exodus 20:12-17) They were moved by the purity of the words God used when he called his chosen people to live: 329 “And it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of the Lord, and do them; and that ye seek not after your own heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to go a whoring: That ye may remember, and do all my commandments, and be holy unto your God.“ (Numbers 15:3940) They were astounded by the gentleness and care of God’s interest in peoples’ welfare: “When thou buildest a new house, then thou shalt make a battlement for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thine house, if any man fall from thence.“ (Deuteronomy 22:8) “When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow. When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.“ (Deuteronomy 24:20-21) “When thou comest into thy neighbour's vineyard, then thou mayest eat grapes thy fill at thine own pleasure; but thou shalt not put any in thy vessel. When thou comest into the standing corn of thy neighbour, then thou mayest pluck the ears with thine hand; but thou shalt not move a sickle unto thy neighbour's standing corn.“ (Deuteronomy 23:24-25) “When a man hath taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war, neither shall he be charged with any business: but he shall be free at home one year, and shall cheer up his wife which he hath taken.“ (Deuteronomy 24:5) Unlike Eastern religions where God is known through experiences and emotions, the sages came to opposite understanding through the Bible: “He judged the cause of the poor and needy for his own good: was it not therefore because he knew me, saith the Lord?“ (Jeremiah 22:16) God’s kindness, which was not revealed in any other religion in such a manner, shone in their hearts as their comfort and hope: 330 “The Lord is compassionate and merciful: longsuffering and plenteous in mercy. He will not always be angry: nor will he threaten for ever. He hath not dealt with us according to our sins: nor rewarded us according to our iniquities. For according to the height of the heaven above the earth: he hath strengthened his mercy towards them that fear him.“ (Psalm 102:8-11) “The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken.“ (Deuteronomy 18:15) Perhaps He could give them answers to all those questions astrology could not answer. Perhaps He could liberate them from slavery of their sinful fate, and help them attain an elevated character. They found the answer in the Bible. God will send the Messiah who will liberate those who are slaves to sin. “I have raised him up to justice, and I will direct all his ways: he shall build my city, and let go my captives, not for ransom, nor for presents, saith the Lord the God of hosts. Thus saith the Lord: The labour of Egypt, and the merchandise of Ethiopia... men of stature shall come over to thee, and shall be thine: they shall walk after thee, they shall go bound with manacles: and they shallworship thee, and shall make supplication to thee: only in thee is God, and there is no God besides thee. Assemble yourselves, and come, and draw near together, ye that are saved of the Gentiles: they have no knowledge that set up the wood of their graven work, and pray to a god that cannot save ... Be converted to me, and you shall be saved, all ye ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is no other.“ (Isaiah 45:13-14.20-22) “What do we have to do so that God can look at us and have mercy on us?“ the sages from the East wondered. In light of God’s revealed law, they themselves felt sinful and filthy, incapable of deserving salvation or redemption. They wondered whether they 331 should bring a sacrifice to God for their salvation, other than the sacrifice of sin itself. They came across the most incredible answer in the Bible: “Thou hast not offered me the ram of thy holocaust, nor hast thou glorified me with thy victims: I have not caused thee to serve with oblations, nor wearied thee with incense. I am, I am he that blot out thy iniquities for my own sake, and I will not remember thy sins.“ (Isaiah 43:23-25) The sages were impressed by the finding that God showed no desire to save them for their kindness (because then they would be lost, as they are sinful), but because He himself is kind and merciful. By proceeding with the perusal of the Old Testament, they came upon the following lines: “What shall I offer to the Lord that is worthy? wherewith shall I kneel before the high God? shall I offer holocausts unto him, and calves of a year old? May the Lord be appeased with thousands of rams, or with many thousands of fat he goats? shall I give my firstborn for my wickedness, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul? I will show thee, O man, what is good, and what the Lord requireth of thee: Verily to do judgment, and to love mercy, and to walk solicitous with thy God?“ (Micah 6:6-8). “But the just shall live in his faith.“ (Habakkuk 2:4) Reading this revelation of God’s love, they remembered monotheism of ancient East, when people had known a similar God, who was soon forgotten under the influence of polytheism and Buddhism. They remembered the prayer of the ancient Chinese emperor Shun (2317-2208 BC) written down by Confucius: “Long ago, in the beginning, there was great chaos, without form and dark. ... In the midst (of the chaos) there existed neither form nor sound. You, O Spiritual Sovereign, came out in Your presidency, and first did divide the grosser parts from the purer. You made the heavens; You made the earth; You made man. All things with their reproducing power exist because of You. 332 You have promised, O Di, to hear us, for You regard us as a Father. I, Your child, dull and unenlightened, am unable to show forth my dutiful feelings. I thank You for accepting my fervent prayer. Honorable is Your great name. With reverence we spread out these gems and silks, and, as swallows rejoicing in the spring, praise your abundant love. The great feast has been set forth, and the sound of our joy is like thunder. The Sovereign Spirit promises to enjoy our offering, and my heart within me feels like a particle of dust. The meat has been boiled in the large caldrons, and the fragrant delicacies have been prepared. Enjoy the offering, O Di, then all the people will be joyful. The great and lofty One promises His favor and regard; we are totally unworthy to receive it. I, His simple servant, while I worship, hold this precious cup, and praise Him, whose years have no end. When Di, the Lord, voiced the command, He called into existence heaven, earth, and man. Between (heaven and earth) He placed man and things, and the heavens were spread out over them. I, His unworthy servant, beg His (favoring) decree, to enlighten me, His minister; so that I may forever appear before Him in the highest heaven. All the many kinds of moving creatures are indebted to your favor for the existence. People and things all enjoy your love, O Di. All living things are indebted to your goodness, but who can understand where His blessing come from. You alone, O Lord, are the true parent of all things. The delicious feast is laid out (before You); The precious gems are arranged; the pearly wine is presented with music and dancing. The spirit of harmony is captured; men and creatures are happy. His servant is troubled because he is unable to express his respect. We have expressed our sincerity poorly. Your sovereign goodness is infinite. Like a potter, you have made all living things. 333 Great and small are sheltered (by Your love). The sense of Your goodness is engraved on the heart of Your poor servant; so that my feelings cannot be fully expressed. With great kindness You bear with us, and, despite our faults, You grant us life and prosperity.“ (James Legge, The Notions of the Chinese Concerning God and Spirits, pg 28). Now the sages from the East quite well understood that God forgives people’s sins out of ’pure mercy’, but there was another question: How can God stay just, if he forgives their sins? In that case, will he not be inconsistent in his own righteousness? Who will pay the price of their lawlessness? They found the answer to this question in the book of prophet Isaiah, written five centuries earlier – in the prophecy stating that the Messiah himself will take the blame for their sins: “Who a hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? And he shall grow up as a tender plant before him, and as a root out of a thirsty ground; there is no beauty in him, nor comeliness: and we have seen him, and there was no sightliness, that we should be desirous of him: Despised, and the most abject of men, a man of sorrows, and acquainted with infirmity: and his look was as it were hidden and despised, whereupon we esteemed him not. Surely he hath borne our infirmities and carried our sorrows: and we have thought him as it were a leper, and as one struck by God and afflicted. But he was wounded for our iniquities, he was bruised for our sins: the chastisement of our peace was upon him, and by his bruises we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray, every one hath turned aside into his own way: and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was offered because it was his own will, and he opened not his mouth: he shall be led as a sheep to the slaughter, and shall be dumb as a lamb before his shearer, and he shall not open his mouth... 334 And the Lord was pleased to bruise him in infirmity: if he shall lay down his life for sin, he shall see a longlived seed, and the will of the Lord shall be prosperous in his hand. Because his soul hath laboured, he shall see and be filled: by his knowledge shall this my just servant justify many, and he shall bear their iniquities... Therefore will I distribute to him very many, and he shall divide the spoils of the strong, because he hath delivered his soul unto death, and was reputed with the wicked: and he hath borne the sins of many, and hath prayed for the transgressors.“ (Isaiah 53) “Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign. Behold a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son and his name shall be called Emmanuel.“ (Isaiah 7:14) If there really was such a Savior, then he stood above all the stars, the sages thought, and remembered the legend which had been preserved from ancient times, which talked about the Savior who would come down from the heavens and be born in a human body, and then end up as a sacrificial Lamb for the sins of the world. All the systems relating to sacrifice, which were earlier present in various religions, had the goal of pointing to the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, but in the course of time, these became either forgotten or corrupted. The ritualistic sacrifice could not absolve anyone of their sins, but pointed to the Redeemer who would one day redeem humankind with his sacrifice and bring salvation to all the repentant sinners. In their deep gratitude before the given revelation, the sages wanted to make an obeisance to the Messiah and wondered where and when He would appear. In the books of Moses, it was foretold that the Messiah would be born in Judas’ tribe: “The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.“ (Genesis 49:10). “He shall judge the poor of the people, and he shall save the children of the poor: and he shall humble the oppressor. And he 335 shall continue with the sun and before the moon, throughout all generations. He shall come down like rain upon the fleece; and as showers falling gently upon the earth. In his days shall justice spring up, and abundance of peace, till the moon be taken away. And he shall rule from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth. He shall spare the poor and needy: and he shall save the souls of the poor. He shall redeem their souls from usuries and iniquity: and their names shall be honourable in his sight. Let his name be blessed for evermore: his name continueth before the sun. And in him shall all the tribes of the earth be blessed: all nations shall magnify him.“ (Psalms 71: 4-8, 13-14, 17) And then the sages wondered about the time of the Messiah’s birth. In the ninth chapter of the book of Prophet Daniel, we find the biblical prophecy about the time of the Messiah’s anointment (baptism), execution (on the cross of Golgotha) and rejection by the Jews: “Seventy weeks are shortened upon thy people, and upon thy holy city, that transgression may be finished, and sin may have an end, and iniquity may be abolished; and everlasting justice may be brought; and vision and prophecy may be fulfilled; and the Saint of saints may be anointed.. Know thou, therefore, and take notice: That from the going forth of the word, to build up Jerusalem again, unto Christ, the prince, there shall be seven weeks, and sixtytwo weeks: and the street shall be built again, and the walls, in straitness of times. And after sixty-two weeks Christ shall be slain: and the people that shall deny him shall not be his. And a people, with their leader, that shall come, shall destroy the city, and the sanctuary:... And he shall confirm the covenant with many, in one week: and in the half of the week the victim and the sacrifice shall fail: and there shall be in the temple the abomination of desolation: and the desolation shall continue even to the consummation, and to the end.“ (Daniel 9:24-27) 336 In the analysis of this prophecy, we will take a day for a year as per the text in Ezekiel 4:6. The prophesied time of 70 weeks (or 490 years) started with the decree to restore and rebuild devastated Jerusalem. It took 7 weeks (or 49 years) to rebuild the city. There were sixty two weeks (or 434 years) left before the beginning of the Savior’s service. There was one week (or seven years) left till the end of the time in the prophecy. In the middle of the week (or after three and a half years) “he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease “. At that point the ceremonial sacrifice pointing to the Savior’s sacrifice would be canceled because it would have come true. At the end of the week, that is, three and a half years later, the Jews finally sealed their fate by stoning Stephen, and stopped being the chosen people. Since then, the Gospel is preached to the heathen. The decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem was issued by emperor Artaxerxes in 457 BC. If we add 69 weeks or 483 years, we will get the time when the Savior’s service started, that is, the time of His baptism, which is 27 AD. However, the sages from the East were looking for the year of the Savior’s birth. How could they find out about it? At the age of twelve, a Jew would become responsible before God, that is, he would become ’the son of the law’, whereas at the age of thirty he would become mature for great life responsibilities, and only then would he be allowed to take over the responsibilities of a priest in a temple, which means that, according to the Law, the Messiah could have been anointed for service only at the age of thirty. If we subtract 30 years of His life from 27 AD, when the prophecy claimed he had been anointed for service, we will get 4 BC, which is the exact year of Jesus’ birth. “When Jesus therefore was born in Bethlehem of Juda, in the days of king Herod, behold, there came wise men from the East to Jerusalem, Saying: Where is he that is born king of the Jews? For we have seen his star in the East, and are come to adore him. And king Herod hearing this, was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. 337 And assembling together all the chief priests and the scribes of the people, he inquired of them where Christ should be born? But they said to him: In Bethlehem of Juda. For so it is written by the prophet: And thou Bethlehem the land of Juda art not the least among the princes of Juda: for out of thee shall come forth the captain that shall rule my people Israel. Then Herod, privately calling the wise men learned diligently of them the time of the star which appeared to them. And sending them into Bethlehem, said: Go and diligently inquire after the child, and when you have found him, bring me word again, that I also may come and adore him. Who having heard the king, went their way; and behold the star which they had seen in the East, went before them, until it came and stood over where the child was. And seeing the star they rejoiced with exceeding great joy. And entering into the house, they found the child with Mary his mother, and falling down they adored him: and opening their treasures, they offered him gifts; gold, frankincense, and myrrh.“ (Matthew 2:1-11) What kind of phenomenon is the star which followed the group of astrologers? Does it often happen to astrologers? Was it a flying saucer perhaps? Based on biblical descriptions, we can conclude that it was a group of angels encouraging the sages and showing them the way. The flock of angels was visible because it was lit by the glory of God. “And there were in the same country shepherds watching and keeping the night watches over their flock. And behold an angel of the Lord stood by them and the brightness of God shone round about them: and they feared with a great fear. And the angel said to them: Fear not; for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy that shall be to all the people: For, this day is born to you a Saviour, who is Christ the Lord, in the city of David. And this shall be a sign unto you. You shall find the infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and laid in a manger. And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly army, praising God and saying: Glory to God in the highest: and on earth peace to men of good will.“ (Luke 2:8-14) 338 The group of sages – astrologers from the East, came to make an obeisance to Jesus, for, by studying the Bible, they realized that He is the promised one who came to save humanity from its destiny and lead it towards life which will serve God. Are we ourselves willing to take the path this group of astrologers took two thousand years ago? If we decide to get to know our Savior Jesus Christ through the word of God, we will also be followed by a group of angels, which might be invisible to our eye and show us the way that we need to take. “For my heart hath been inflamed, and my reins have been changed: And I am brought to nothing, and I knew not. I am become as a beast before thee: and I am always with thee. Thou hast held me by my right hand; and by thy will thou hast conducted me, and with thy glory thou hast received me. For what have I in heaven? and besides thee what do I desire upon earth? For thee my flesh and my heart hath fainted away: thou art the God of my heart, and the God that is my portion for ever.“ (Psalms 72:21-26) *** REVIEWS Are we completely programmed or not? Is our destiny written in the stars? Or is it perhaps determined by the genetic structure we posses? Or the cultural patterns we were born in? Do we have free will, or is it just an illusion? Or can we influence our destiny ourselves? These are the basic questions Miloš Bogdanović answers in his latest book Astrology and Anthropology. And his reply is not simple, but is rather quite complex, utterly interesting, and convincingly explained. Every individual may remain determined by external factors, but they don’t have to if they choose to elevate themselves to the level we are generally predisposed to, by being human. 339 As for astrology and anthropology, the author’s tendency was to demonstrate that the psychophysical types astrology operates with (Aries, Leo, Virgo…) are closely correlated to various types anthropologists refer to, and thus shed some light on the secret of astrology. The analysis of this correlation represents one of the strongest points in the book, and it is not in favor of astrology. Also, one of the striking points of this book is the consideration of a certain degree of persuasiveness astrology provides, i.e. the question as to how come certain astrological analyses sometimes amazingly coincide with actual events (for example, how come a significant number of people who show psychophysical characteristics of a Zodiac sign are actually born under the sign). Naturally, there is also a series of other relevant and significant philosophical, theological, sociological, anthropological, and even parapsychological problems debated in the text. Finally, it should be noted that the book was written in an already recognizable style of Miloš Bogdanović, the style which possesses distinct clarity, even though void of any simplifications. Dr Svetozar Sinđelić, Professor of Philosophy * * * In his new and extremely interesting book, Miloš Bogdanović poses crucial anthropological questions which are to unveil the very essence of astrology- this not only ancient, but a present-day phenomenon. Who governs the human spirit and behavior- celestial bodies, inheritance from ancestors, or an individual’s will; why does horoscope sometimes “guess correctly”, despite the unscientific nature of astrology; and finally- why many people possess attributes of some other Zodiac sign, and not the one they were born under? These very subtitles help us guess the line of author’s thinking in this book. In the first part titled “Brief History of Astrology”, there is a historical illustration of the astrological phenomenon which shows that the level of people’s interest in astrology throughout centuries has been in reverse proportion to the enlightenment of society and its individuals. The chapter ends with the conclusion that astrology is very popular nowadays, which is exactly what has made the author write this book. Are we not living in the age of quasi-enlightenment and “neopaganism” – this is the question which is per se imposed upon an objective reader of this book, who is confronted with an “explosion” of astrological and magical phenomena, even at the beginning of the 21st century, in all the meridians of the globe. The second part is titled “The Scientific Analysis of the Astrological Phenomenon” and it reveals the unscientific nature of the explanation of the same by astrologers themselves, who to this very day interpret the influence of stars as they did in ancient times, when it was believed they were- divine beings. 340 However, the unscientific nature of the explanation of the astrological phenomenon does not deny the astrological phenomenon itself, which, according to the author, often works astoundingly. The explanation as to why the astrological phenomenon seemingly works will actually be the subject of the rest of the book. The third part- “The Psychological Analysis of the Astrological Phenomenon" states to us that the astrological types really exist. They represent patterns of human weaknesses, which govern a person only if the person gives up the responsibility for their actions. A responsible person behaves reasonably, corresponding with the needs of life, and not by some typology. The fourth part of the book, i.e. “The Anthropological Analysis of the Astrological Phenomenon is particularly interesting, and this analysis deals with the origin of the deviant part of human behavior, which actually explains the differences between people embodied in different Zodiac signs. Every astrological type has a corresponding anthropological type or their combination. This comparative analysis, supported with a multitude of astrological-anthropological parallels, reveals that the source of character characteristics of different astrological types is not in the stars, but genetics. There is always a possibility that a person will be born in the very sign or ascendant which corresponds to their anthropological type. It can be said that this is the most original part of the author’s thoughts in the book. “The Philosophical Analysis of the Astrological Phenomenon" is the fifth part of the book, and in there we find an analysis of the meaning of the fundamental theories the astrological model of thinking provides. The author concluded that the dependence of our destiny on stars more than our own will does not make sense. The sixth part is dedicated to “The Religious Analysis of Astrology” and deals with the attitude of religion towards the supernatural element of the astrological experience which goes beyond the domain of science and anthropology. As a whole, I believe that the book Astrology and Anthropology by Miloš Bogdanović is an interesting experiment, inspiring for new deliberations and pursuit of answers to the eternal question of man’s freedom and inexorable nature of destiny. The author does not negate the “biological" roots of weakness in human nature, but still firmly holds the viewpoint that the freedom of personality triumphs in the eternal struggle between the given, as a material-psychological dimension of existence, and the assigned, as a spiritual principle of the existence of an individual in general. Finally, I highly recommend the book Astrology and Anthropology by Miloš Bogdanović to be published, and I wish the readers to find in it further inspiration for their pursuit of answers to some difficult questions of life and, at the same time- to work on themselves, because one is impossible without the other. 341 Dr Goran Z. Golubović, Professor in the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Niš * * * The book Astrology and Anthropology by Miloš Bogdanović is a work significant for both anthropology and astrology. It is significant for anthropology because in the astrological experience, which is void of racial prejudice and presumptions, it finds the proof that the anthropological types exist virtually exactly as described by early anthropologists of the 19th and 20th centuries, whereas this work is of significance for astrology because it purges the astrological experience of the superstitious conviction that the human character and appearance are determined by the position of celestial bodies. Through the thorough psychoanalysis of different anthropological and their corresponding psychological types, it is obvious that the author of this research venture is not satisfied with a human being as a victim of both external and biological factors, but he encourages the reader, as a reasonable and conscious human being, to take responsibility for their life in their own hands. As a proof that the triumph over oneself is possible, but also that the fall is inevitable if the one does not conquer their temptations, the author presents the character analysis of various people, the temptations of their anthropological constitutions and their ups and downs throughout history. The author’s message is that our destiny is in our own hands, but that we, due to fear of confronting our own responsibility, frequently give up our freedom and willingly let someone else think and decide for ourselves. I therefore recommend this book to anyone who is free and brave to think without prejudice and taboos about a human being, its place under the sun, and paths towards its selfrealization. Dr Dušan Obradović, anthropologist (This book is not yet textually and graphically completed, but it will be soon. For more details write on [email protected]) *** Miloš Bogdanović [email protected] +381-64-15-15-092, +381-11-24-26-940