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Download Scholes Chair, GEO BON CSIR Natural Resources and Environment
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GEO BON Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observing Network RJ (Bob) Scholes Chair, GEO BON CSIR Natural Resources and Environment PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa IGOS-GEO Symposium, Washington DC 19 November 2009 The mission, paraphrased • What forms of biodiversity • • • are changing Where, and Why; and with what consequences? Where are we at? • Stakeholder endorsement received • • • • - Users: CBD, IPBES, IUCN, National nature protection agencies Providers: Biodiversity NGOs, GBIF, Space Agencies Founding documents (Concept and Implementation Plan) accepted A network has been formed, committee and task groups appointed Detailed design in progress Work underway on early products GEO BON Early Products: Example 1 Protected Areas Monitoring Pilot PA boundary From WCMC Species from GBIF Early products Example 2 Continuous Plankton Recorder Various WWFLiving Planet GOFC/GOLD GEOSS IUCN Red list GBIF WCMC GEOSS ITIS Catalog of Life GBIF GenBank BOLD Space agencies Scholes, RJ et al 2008 Towards a global biodiversity observation system. Science 321,1044-5 Some missing pieces • A global database of interaction observations - Food webs (who eats who?) Pollinators Hosts and pathogens/parasites Symbionts, mutualists - Species that co-occur • Relative or absolute abundances Community attributes • Functional type profile (broadleaf, needleleaf, grass…) • Structure (Height, crown cover, biomass, leaf area…) • Function (NPP, albedo, bulk conductance…) • A community/plot/site database - • Uses of biodiversity (societal benefits) - Nature of use (food, fibre, medicinal, cultural…) Use intensity Value Making the links Spatial location Non-biodiversity data Ecosystems Organisms (indexed by species) Persistent identifier Gene sequences species Interactions Functional types Abundances (indexed by popn, polygon and time) Simplicity in complexity: A biodiversity syntax [optional] (quality control) Hypothesis: there are just three basic types of record • Nouns: What, where, when,[how many],(by who),(how) - Ecosystem extent - Species presence/absence/abundance record - Genetic record • Adjectives: A is a member of B (says who) (when) - Nested taxonomies - Cladistics - Functional types - Communities • Verbs: A performs action C on B [intensity] (where)(when)(by who) - Food webs - Non-tropic interactions - Ecosystem service flows A natural succession in biodiversity information Simple 1. 2. Presence/absence Abundance 1. 2. 3. 3. 4. Complex Confidence intervals Time series Known individuals Genetic relatedness, phylogenetics Species interactions Dealing with institutional diversity and complexity Countries & Organisations Users International / global International bodies Brokers/intermediaries GEOSS GEO BON public GenBank GBIF WCMC Encyc TDWG of Life National/ local researchers Observers/data holders GxOS Nations International Environment NGOs Space agencies Local biodiv NGOs Information divergence versus convergence 2010 target Goals Subtargets Indicators Reduce rate of biodiversity loss Rate of loss Sustainable use Threats Ecosystems Integrity Traditional knowledge Benefit sharing Financial resources Example of an integrated indicator Ecosystem type Land cover/use (A) Change in abundance (I) Species richness (R) R A I BII R A ij i j jk ijk k ij i j jk k Biodiversity Intactness % Scholes, RJ and R Biggs (2005) A biodiversity intactness index Nature 434, 45-9 Some thoughts on the post-2010 targets • A positive vision - Perhaps based on avoidance of critical thresholds eg Increasing natural capital, sufficient supply of key services Stay within adaptive limits • Based on the possible and desired, rather than the readily • available Small set that is socially relevant and specific - Health, food and other ecosystem services, hazard avoidance Key ecosystems: eg Amazon, Great Barrier Reef etc Central tendency and limits at ecosystem, species and gene levels • Gene level • Phyllogenetic richness • The genetic foundation of the global food basket • Species level • Broad-based abundance (population trends in several thousand representative species) • • Risk of extinction (eg red list index) Ecosystem level • Natural capital (the capacity to deliver ecosystem services) • Effective extent of critical ecosystems Achieving the power of integration within GEOSS Disturbances Agriculture AG-06-02: Data Utilization in Fisheries and Aquaculture DI-09-03b: Implementation of a Fire Warning System at Global Level Health HE-09-03c: Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Health EN-07-02: Energy Environmental Impact Monitoring CL-09-01a: Enhanced Climate, Weather, Water and Environmental Prediction CL-09-01b: Climate Information for Decision-making and Adaptation Biodiversity BI-07-01b Invasive Species Monitoring System BI-07-01c Capturing Historical and New Biodiversity Information Ecosystems EC-09-01a: Ecosystem Classification and Mapping EC-09-01b: Ecosystem Status and Trends EC-09-01c: Regional Networks for Ecosystems EC-09-01d: Protected Areas Assessment and Monitoring EC-09-02a: Impact of Tourism on Environmental and Socio-Economic Activities EC-09-02b: Impact of Transport Infrastructure Development EC-09-02c: Vulnerability of Sea Basins EC-09-02d: Vulnerability of Mountain Regions What is going on in 2010 • Early Products’ throughout 2010, the International Year of Biodiversity • GEO BON all working group meeting, Asilomar, USA 22-25 Feb 2010 • The run-up to the CBD - Preparatory science conference, Nagoya, Japan 22-23 March 2010 - Inputs to CBD SBSTTA, Nairobi,May 2010 World Biodiversity Day, 20 May 2010 UN General Assembly special session on Biodiversity, September 2010 - CoP in October 2010 [email protected] http://www.earthobservations.org/geobon_par.shtml
