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Introduction to Programming <Lecture 2> Prof. Rommel Anthony Palomino Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Spring 2011 Number Systems and Conversions 0010 23 22 21 20 0000 2 0000 0001 0010 2 01 2 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Number Systems and Conversions Numbers can be represented in many ways There exist many Numeral System or ways to represent numbers. Their representation depends on something called BASE BASE - 1 is the maximum number you can represent using a single digit. 3 Base 10 Max number using single digit = 10 – 1 = 9 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Number Systems and Conversions The most well known numeral system is the Decimal System. The one you use everyday. Base 10 It consist of 10 elements from 0-9. Besides decimals, there exists others such as: 4 Binary: Base 2. Uses 2 elements. 0 to 1 Octal: Base 8. Uses 8 elements. 0 to 8. Hexadecimal: ???? Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Number Systems and Conversions Hexadecimal: Uses up to 16 digits. From 0 to 15 ??? 5 Hex Dec 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 … … 9 9 A 10 B 11 C 12 D 13 E 14 F 15 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Number Systems and Conversions Hexadecimal: Uses up to 16 digits. From 0 to 15 ??? FF16 = 25510 6 Hex Dec 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 … … 9 9 A 10 B 11 C 12 D 13 E 14 F 15 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Conversion: Decimal to Binary Method: 7 Continuously divide the number by 2 get the remainder (which is either 0 or 1) get that number as a digit of the binary form of the number get the quotient and divide that number again by 2 repeat the whole process until the quotient reaches 0 or 1 we then get all the remainders starting from the last remainder, and the result is the binary form of the number NOTE: For the last digit which is already less than the divisor (which is 2) just copy the value to the remainder portion. Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Conversion: Decimal to Binary Example Convert 15010 to Binary Number Base Quotient Remainder 150 2 75 0 75 2 37 1 37 2 18 1 18 2 9 0 9 2 4 1 4 2 2 0 2 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 Solution: 10010110 = 150 8 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Conversion: Binary to Decimal Method: 9 we multiply the binary digit to "2 raised to the position of the binary number" We then add all the products to get the resulting decimal number. Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Conversion: Binary to Decimal Example Convert 111001012 to Decimal 0: 1 2: 4 5: 32 6: 64 7: 128 Solution: 229 10 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Conversion: Binary to Hexadecimal Method: 11 Partition the binary number into groups of 4 digits (from right to left) pad it with zeros if the number of digits is not divisible by 4 convert each partition into its corresponding hexadecimal digit Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Conversion: Binary to Hexadecimal Example Convert 111001012 to Hexadecimal Solution: 12 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Programming Fundamentals 13 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Introduction to Java The original motivation for Java 14 The need for platform independent language that could be embedded in various consumer electronic products. Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Introduction to Java The Java technology is: 15 A programming language A development environment An application environment A deployment environment Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Introduction to Java As a development environment, Java technology provides you with a large suite of tools: 16 A compiler An interpreter A documentation generator, etc Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Java Features Some features of Java: 17 The Java Virtual Machine Bytecode Garbage Collection Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Java Features Java Virtual Machine (JVM) 18 an imaginary machine that is implemented by emulating software on a real machine provides the hardware platform specifications to which you compile all Java technology code Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Java Features Bytecode 19 a special machine language that can be understood by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) independent of any particular computer hardware, so any computer with a Java interpreter can execute the compiled Java program, no matter what type of computer the program was compiled on Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Java Features Garbage collection thread 20 responsible for freeing any memory that can be freed. This happens automatically during the lifetime of the Java program. programmer is freed from the burden of having to deallocate that memory themselves Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 How a Java Program works? 21 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Exercise Write a flowchart for 22 How to answer and end a phone call in your Cellphone Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 Questions? 23 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011 For Next Class We will do our first Java Program and will learn how to use our Programming Environment 24 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011