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Flashcards:
Flashcards are vital mnemonic devices. Because so much factual and conceptual information needs to
be learned, you will need to create a method for repetitive learning that is easily accessible. The terms
listed are certainly not the only ones open for making flashcards, however, they are the most commonly
used terms or are especially complicated. However, the old way of flashcards, with the term on one side
and the definition on the other, will not suffice. For these flashcards, you must create questions for the
terms. The questions will be on one side, while the answers will be on the other side. The most helpful
cards will be those that integrate information, forcing you to bring together concepts. YOU MAY
COMBINE TERMS ON THE SAME CARD AS LONG AS THIS INTEGRATES INFORMATION.
Examples are shown below.
Front
1.
2.
Describe the three stages of
transcription: initiation,
elongation, and termination
Draw a diagram to show the
relationship between promoters,
TATA boxes, and transcription
factors
Back
ANSWERS!
Weekly Flash Cards are due on Friday unless otherwise directed.
Terms for flash card Unit 1
Week of Aug 23-25
independent variable
Negative feedback
Hypothesis
Kinesis
Learning
Imprinting
Classical conditioning
Week of Aug 28-9/1
Isotopes
Van der Waals forces
Cohesion/adhesion
evaporative cooling
Tetravalence
Structural isomers
Geometric isomer
Dehydration reaction
monosaccharides
lipids
dependent variable
positive feedback
behavior
chemotaxis
maturation
sensitive period
operant conditioning
control variable
experimental variable
fixed action pattern
sign stimulus
habituation
associative learning
Role of play behavior
hydrogen bonds
Polar covalent bonds
hydration shell
Specific heat
hydroxyl group
carbonyl group
enantiomer
condensation reaction
disaccharides
triaglycerol
Valence electrons
Non-polar covalent bonds
Surface tension
heat of vaporization
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate
carboxyl
amino group
aldehyde
ketone
hydrolysis
carbohydrates
polysaccharides Glycosidic linkage
steroids
Week of Sep 4-Sep 7 (NOTE NOT DUE OF FRIDAY!)
Examples of protein functions 4 levels of protein structure diagram of enzyme reaction
Peptide bond
-helix
- pleated sheets
hydrophobic interaction disulfide bridges
Quaternary structure
Active site
substrate
competitive inhibitor
Activation energy
coenzymes
non-competitive inhibitor
Denaturation
allosteric inhibition
feedback inhibition
Flashcard UNIT 2
Week of Sep 11-15
Prokaryote
Nucleoid
Ribosomes
Rough ER
Vacuole
Thylakoid
Microtubules
Flagella
Eukaryote
Nuclear envelope
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
mitochondria
granum/stroma
microfilament
Centrioles
Week of Sep 18-22
Phospholipids
oligosaccharides
Hypertonic
Active transport
phagocytosis
cAMP
Integral proteins
transmembrane
hypotonic
Cotransport
pinocytosis
water potential
Nucleus
Nuclear pore
Smooth ER
peroxisomes
chloroplast
cristae
cilia
Desmosomes
Peripheral proteins
cholesterol
isotonic
Symport/antiport
second messengers
Amplification of signal
primary cell wall
secondary cell wall
intracellular junction
gap junctions
plasmodesmata
intermediate filaments
intermediate filaments
Functions of membrane proteins
forms of passive transport osmosis
extracellular matrix
Exocytosis/endocytosis
G-protein linked receptors
Signal-transduction pathway
Flashcards Unit 3:
Week of Sep 28- Oct 5
Reduction
Oxidation
Redox reactions
beta oxidation
ATP synthase
proton-motive force
chemiosmosis
heterotroph
Week of Oct 5-13
Chlorophyll
C3/C4/CAM
Chloroplast
Reaction center
Carbon fixation
pigment
photosystems
wavelength
noncyclic
carbon reduction
stomata
NADP+
stroma
absorption spectrum
photons
cytochrome
ATP synthase
electron transfer
Regeneration of RuBP
R cells/S cells
R. Franklin
Pyrimidines
primase
lagging strand
mismatch repair
Griffith
Double helix
hydrogen bonds
helicase
DNA ligase
nuclease
ATP
NAD+
Kreb’s cycle
autotroph
glycoloysis
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
electron transport
Flashcards Unit 4:
Week of Oct 23-26
Transformation
Watson/Crick
Purines
primer
leading strand
DNA repair
Hershey/Chase
Structure of DNA
semi-conservative
Okasaki fragments
anti-parallel
nucleotide-excision repair
Week of Oct 30-Nov 3
Transcription
messenger RNA triplet code
transcription factor
Codons
RNA polymerase initiation
elongation
Promoter
TATA box
terminator
5’cap/ polyA tail
RNA splicing
spliceosome
snRNP’s
introns/exons
tRNA
anticodon
A site/ P site/ E site
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
stages of translation
Week of Nov 6-Nov9
inducible vs repressible operon
Lac operon/trp operon
operator
repressor protein
DNA methylation
transcription factors
enhancers
Helix-turn-helix
Zinc-fingers
Leucine zipper
Restriction enzymes
plasmid
gel electrophoresis
Flashcards Unit 5
Week of Nov 15-17
G1/S/G2/M
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Week of Nov 20-28
Independent assortment
Allele
Incomplete dominance
Pleiotropy
Chi-square tests
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
cytokinesis
homologous chromosomes
centrosome
spindle fibers
I
dominant/recessive
genotype
codominace
epistasis
null hypothesis
homozygous/heterozygous
phenotype
sex-linked
polygenic inheritance
gene linkage
Flashcards Unit 6
Week of Dec 4-8
Natural selection
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg equation
Directional selection
Sexual selection
Week of Dec 11-15
sympatric speciation
allopatric speciation
Gametic isolation
Ring species
Adaptive radiation
Week of Dec. 15-18
Phylogeny
Fossil record
Monophyletic
Homology
Hardy-Weinberg assumptions
Mutations
Bottleneck effect
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Founder effect
Diversifying selection
Stabilizing selection
runaway sexual selection
temporal isolation
geographic isolation
reduced hybrid viability
evolutionary constraints
punctuated equilibrium
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation
reduced hybrid fertility
habitat isolation
Cambrian explosion
radioactive dating
cladistics
clade cladogram
paraphyletic
polyphyletic
analogy
shared derived characters