Download A Level Physics Specialist Words Glossary

A Level Physics Specialist Words Glossary
Kinetic Theory – Glossary
Term
Absolute
zero
Definition
The theoretical lower limit of the temperature scale.
Atom
An Atom is the smallest part of an element that still has the
properties of that element, comprising electrons surrounding a
nucleus of protons and neutrons.
Boiling
The change of state from liquid to gas.
Celsius
A scale and unit of measurement for temperature where water
freezes at 0oC and boils at 100oC.
Condensing
The change of state from gas to liquid.
Diffusion
Spreading out of particles away from each other.
Electron
A Subatomic particle with a negative charge and a negligible (very
small) mass relative to protons and neutrons.
Evaporating
The change of state from liquid to gas below the boiling point.
Freezing
The change of state from liquid to solid.
Heat capacity
The amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of a
body by 1oC.
Internal
energy
The total energy contained by a system, its is the sum of the kinetic
energy and the potential energy.
Kelvin
A scale and unit of measurement for temperature where water
freezes at 273K and boils at 373K
Melting
The change of state from solid to liquid.
Specific heat
capacity
The amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of
1kg of a material by 1oC.
Specific
latent heat of
fusion
The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram
of a substance from solid to liquid
Specific
latent heat of
vaporisation
The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram
of a substance from a liquid to a vapour
Sublimation
The change of state from solid to gas
1
Temperature
A measure of how hot something is measured in degrees Celsius
Thermometer An instrument that measures the temperature
Vacuum
A volume that contains no matter - space is almost a vacuum.
Heat Transfer – Glossary
Term
Absorb
Definition
To take something in.
Conduction
Heat transfer in a substance due to vibrations of particles in the
substance.
Convection
Heat transfer in a liquid or gas due to convection currents.
Convection
current
The flow of a fluid due to differences in temperature (density)
Density
Mass per unit volume of a substance.
Diffusion
When particles spread out from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration.
Emit
To give something out.
Fluid
A liquid or gas.
Free
electrons
Electrons that move about freely inside a metal and are not held
inside an atom.
Heat energy
Energy that is transferred because of a difference in temperature
between two objects.
Heat transfer
Energy transfer due to a temperature difference.
Infra-red
radiation
Electromagnetic waves between visible light and microwaves in the
electromagnetic spectrum.
Matt
A non-shiny surface.
Radiation
Energy carried by waves.
Thermal
insulator
A material that does not allow heat to conduct through it very well.
2
Energy and Efficiency – Glossary
Term
Cavity
Chemical
energy
Conservation
of energy
Definition
A hole or space devoid of matter.
Energy that can be released (or absorbed) because of a chemical reaction.
Total energy before = total energy after.
Dissipated
Where energy is lost as it is converted into heat an d spreads out.
Draught
A gust of air.
Dynamo
A type of electrical generator.
Efficiency
The fraction of the energy supplied to a device which transferred in a useful
form.
Elastic potential
energy (strain
energy)
Energy stored by an elastic object when it is stretched or squashed.
Electric
current
Electrical
energy
Energy
resource
Energy
Transfer
Energy
transfer
diagram
Gravitational
potential
energy
The rate of flow of electric charge.
The energy associated with moving electrons.
Sources or stores of energy, such as hydroelectric power and coal.
Energy transferred from one place to another.
A diagram showing where energy changes are happen and how energy is
moved.
The energy stored by an object lifted up against the force of gravity.
Heat energy
Energy that is transferred because of a difference in temperature between
two objects.
joule
The unit of energy or work, symbol J.
Kinetic energy
Energy that moving objects have.
Light energy
Visible electromagnetic radiation.
Loft
The space between the ceiling and the roof of a house.
Nuclear
energy
Sankey
diagram
Solar panel
The energy of an atomic nucleus.
A diagram using arrows to show the amounts of energy transferred in
different forms.
A device that converts solar energy into thermal energy.
Sound energy
The form of energy associated with the vibration of matter.
Stored energy
The energy of a body due to the position of the body or particles in the
system.
Thermal
insulation
A material which does not conduct thermal energy very well.
U-value
A measure of the thermal insulating properties of a material.
Wasted
energy
Energy that a transferred into a form which is not useful.
3
Atomic Structure – Glossary
Term
Atom
Atomic
number
Electron
Element
Ion
Isotope
Mass
number
Model
Neutrons
Nuclear
model
Nucleon
Nucleon
number
Nucleus
Nuclide
Plum
pudding
model
Proton
number
Protons
Relative
atomic
mass
Definition
An Atom is the smallest part of an element that still has the
properties of that element, comprising electrons surrounding a
nucleus of protons and neutrons.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, also called
the proton number.
A Subatomic particle with a negative charge and a negligible
(very small) mass relative to protons and neutrons.
A substance made of one type of atom only.
An atom that has lost or gained an electron/s.
Atoms of an element with the same number of protons and
electrons but different numbers of neutrons.
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic
nucleus. Also called nucleon number.
An equation, diagram or analogy that helps explain a scientific
idea.
Uncharged sub-atomic particles with a mass of 1 relative to a
proton.
The scientific idea that an atom has electrons surrounding a
nucleus that contains protons and neutrons.
A proton or Neutron.
The number of nucleons (total number of protons and
neutrons) in a nucleus.
The very dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at
the centre of an atom.
An atom characterised by the specific constitution of its
nucleus.
The scientific idea that an atom is a sphere of positive charge
with negatively-charged electrons in it.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also called
the atomic number.
Sub-atomic particles with a positive charge and a relative mass
of 1.
The ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element to one
12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
4
Radioactivity – Glossary
Term
Alpha
radiation
Background
radiation
Beta
radiation
Cosmic rays
Daughter
nucleus
Decay
Deflection
Gamma
radiation
GeigerMuller
detector
Half-life
Ionise
Parent
nucleus
Definition
Radiation consisting of alpha particles, which are each made
from two protons and two neutrons, and are identical to helium
nuclei.
Radiation from radioactive sources all around us, some of them
natural and some of them artificial.
Radiation consisting of beta particles, which are high-energy
electrons emitted by unstable atomic nuclei.
Energetic charged subatomic particles originating in outer
space.
A decay product which is the remaining nuclide left over from
radioactive decay.
The disintegration of an unstable nucleus with the emission of
radiation.
Where a moving object changes its direction of motion.
High frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted during
radioactive decay. Many centimetres of lead or metres of
concrete are needed to absorb it.
A type of radiation detector that produces electrical signals
when radiation passes into it.
The average time taken for half the atoms in a sample of a
radioactive substance to decay. It is also the time for the count
rate to halve.
To convert an uncharged atom or molecule into a charged
particle by adding or removing electrons.
An unstable nucleus that decays by emitting radiation.
Energy carried by particles from a radioactive substance or
Radiation
spreading out from a source.
Radioactive
A substance that emits radiation is said to be radioactive.
RadioA radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring
carbon
radioisotope carbon-14 to estimate the age of carbon-bearing
dating
materials up to about 60 000 years.
Radioisotope An atom with an unstable nucleus.
Random
An event that is unpredictable.
Tracers
A radioactive substance use to study biological processes.
An unstable nucleus may break apart, releasing radiation and
Unstable
forming smaller nuclei.
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Electromagnetic Spectrum – Glossary
Term
Absorption
Electromagneti
c radiation
Electromagneti
c spectrum
Gamma Ray
Infra red
radiation
Infra-red
Waves
Microwaves
Radio waves
Spectrum
Transmitted
Ultraviolet
radiation
Vacuum
X-rays
Definition
When the energy of electromagnetic radiation is taken up by
matter.
Energy travelling as waves in the form of changing electrical
and magnetic fields.
The different types of electromagnetic radiation, arranged in
order of frequency or wavelength.
High frequency electromagnetic radiation with a higher
frequency than X-rays.
Electromagnetic radiation emitted from a hot object.
Electromagnetic waves between visible light and microwaves
in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between that of
visible light and radio waves.
Low frequency electromagnetic radiation used to transmit
information such as television and radio programs.
A series of similar waves, arranged in order of wavelength or
frequency.
When electromagnetic waves pass through a medium.
Electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between that of
visible light and X-rays.
A volume that contains no matter - space is almost a
vacuum.
High frequency electromagnetic radiation used for medical
imaging.
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Sound – Glossary
Term
Cathode ray
Oscilloscope
Compression
Decibel
Density
Diffraction
Echo
Frequency
Hertz
Longitudinal
waves
Loudness
Medium
Pitch
Rarefaction
Refraction
Ultrasound
Vacuum
Wave speed
Wavelength
Definition
A device that allows observation of constantly varying signals.
The increase of a mediums density.
The measure of loudness of a sound wave.
The ratio of mass to volume.
The spreading out of waves when they pass through a gap or
around an obstacle.
A reflected sound wave.
The number of waves per second. The unit of frequency is the
hertz, Hz.
The unit of frequency, symbol Hz. 1 Hz is 1 wave or cycle per
second.
Waves in which the vibrations happen in the same direction as
the direction of travel. Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
The quality of sound relating to its volume or energy due to its
amplitude of oscillation.
A material substance that can propagate energy waves.
The frequency of a sound wave.
The reduction of a mediums density.
When waves change direction as they move from one
transparent substance to another.
High frequency sound, above 20 kHz, that is too high-pitched
to hear.
A volume that contains no matter - space is almost a vacuum.
The speed at which a wave travels, measured in m/s.
The length of a single wave, measured from one wave crest to
the next.
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Optics – Glossary
Term
Angle of
incidence
Critical angle
Dispersion
Endoscope
Endoscopy
Laterally
inverted
Light energy
Light ray
Medium
Normal line
Definition
The measure of deviation from a normal line on a surface.
The angle of incidence above which total internal reflection
occurs.
The spatial separation of light due to the range of frequencies
of the light.
A light delivery system ( a flexible tube) used to illuminate
inside a body.
Looking inside the body for medical reasons using an
endoscope.
Where the right and left side of an image are swapped.
Visible electromagnetic radiation.
A narrow beam of light.
A material substance that can propagate energy waves.
A line drawn perpendicular to a surface.
A flexible transparent fibre made of a pure glass which can
Optical fibre
transmit light between to ends.
Perpendicular A right angles or 90 degrees to a surface.
Plane mirror
A flat mirror.
A block of glass or other transparent material that disperses
Prism
light to form a spectrum.
An image in which the outgoing rays from a point on the object
Real image
pass through a single point.
Reflection
When waves bounce off a surface.
When waves change direction as they move from one
Refraction
transparent substance to another.
Refractive
A measure of how light or other radiation passes through a
index
medium.
Total internal
When light is entirely reflected inside a transparent material.
reflection
An image in which the outgoing rays from a point of the object
Virtual image
always diverge.
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Describing Motion – Glossary
Term
Definition
The rate of change of velocity, measured in metres per second
Acceleration
squared. Acceleration = change of velocity divided by time
taken.
Deceleration A decrease in speed - a negative acceleration.
The distance moved in a given direction - a vector quantity
Displacement
measured in metres.
Distance
The length between two points, measured in metre.
The slope of a graph, a measure of how steep a line is on a
Gradient
graph, calculated by the change in the y variable divided by the
change in the x variable.
Initial
The velocity at the start.
velocity
Magnitude
The size of a quantity.
Rate
How quickly something happens.
Scalar
A quantity that only has magnitude.
The rate of travel of an object. It is measured in m/s, and
Speed
speed = distance travelled divided by time taken.
Stationary
An object that is not moving.
Uniform
A quantity that does not vary.
Vector
A quantity that has magnitude and direction.
Velocity
The speed of an object in a particular direction.
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Force and Motion – Glossary
Term
Definition
The rate of change of velocity, measured in metres per second
Acceleration squared. Acceleration = change of velocity divided by time
taken.
Aerodynamic A shape with low drag or air resistance.
Air
A force of friction produced when an object moves through the
resistance
air.
At rest
Not moving.
Force
A push or a pull. The unit of force is the Newton, N.
Free fall
A body where its weight is the only force acting upon it.
Frictional
Forces that resist one object moving through or over another,
forces
such as air resistance on a car.
Gravitational
The amount of force that a mass of 1kg experiences due to
Field
gravity. Sometimes called 'g'.
Strength
Gravitational
The energy stored by an object lifted up against the force of
potential
gravity.
energy
Kilogram
The unit of mass, symbol kg.
The amount of matter an object contains. Mass is measured in
Mass
kg.
newton
The unit of force, symbol N.
Parachute
A canopy for slowing fall from an aircraft.
Resultant
The sum of all the forces.
force
The rate of travel of an object. It is measured in m/s, and
Speed
speed = distance travelled divided by time taken.
Stationary
An object that is not moving.
Streamlined A vehicle shaped to be less resistant to air.
Terminal
The maximum speed of an object, reached when the forces
velocity
moving the object are balanced by its frictional forces.
Velocity
The speed of an object in a particular direction.
Viscosity
A fluids internal resistance to flow, or the "thickness" of a fluid.
The force on an object caused by the pull of the Earth's
Weight
gravity.
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Forces and Braking – Glossary
Term
Acceleration
Adverse
Air
resistance
At rest
Braking
distance
Braking
force
Force
Frictional
forces
Gravitational
Field
Strength
Kinetic
energy
Reaction
time
Resultant
force
Stationary
Stopping
Distance
Thinking
distance
Velocity
Definition
The rate of change of velocity, measured in metres per second
squared. Acceleration = change of velocity divided by time
taken.
Contrary to ones interests or welfare.
A force of friction produced when an object moves through the
air.
Not moving.
The distance travelled by a car while the brakes are applied.
The force applied to decelerate a vehicle. It is the opposite
direction to the velocity.
A push or a pull. The unit of force is the Newton, N.
Forces that resist one object moving through or over another,
such as air resistance on a car.
The amount of force that a mass of 1kg experiences due to
gravity. Sometimes called 'g'
Energy that moving objects have.
The time taken to react to a hazard.
The sum of all the forces.
An object that is not moving.
The sum of the thinking and braking distance.
The distance travelled by a car between the driver realising
that they need to stop and putting the brakes on.
The speed of an object in a particular direction.
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Momentum and Hydraulics – Glossary
Term
Definition
Conserve
Keep the same.
Cross sectional areaThe area exposed after cutting through an object.
A collision in which all the kinetic energy of a system is
Elastic Collision
conserved.
Impulse
The amount of momentum gained by an object.
Incompressible
Impossible or difficult to compress.
Inelastic collision
A collision in which some kinetic energy is gained or lost.
Kilogram
The unit of mass, symbol kg.
The amount of matter an object contains. Mass is
Mass
measured in kg.
A measure of a how hard it would be to make a moving
Momentum
object stop.
The force per unit area measured in newtons per metre
Pressure
squared or pascals.
Stationary
An object that is not moving.
Transmitted
To send or pass something on.
Velocity
The speed of an object in a particular direction.
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Force, Elasticity and Energy – Glossary
Term
Diffuse
Elastic
material
Elastic
potential
energy
Energy
transfer
Extension
Force
Gravitational
field
strength
Gravitational
potential
energy
Kinetic
energy
Mass
Newton
Plastic
material
Strain
Weight
Work
Definition
When particles spread out from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration.
A material which returns to its original shape after a force has
been removed.
Energy stored by an elastic object when it is stretched or
squashed.
When energy is passed from one object to another or from
place to place.
The change in length.
A push or a pull. The unit of force is the Newton, N.
The amount of force that a mass of 1kg experiences due to
gravity. Sometimes called 'g'.
The energy stored by an object lifted up against the force of
gravity.
Energy that moving objects have.
The amount of matter an object contains. Mass is measured in
kg.
The unit of force, symbol N.
A material which does not return to its original shape after a
force has been removed.
A geometrical measure of deformation.
The force on an object caused by the pull of the Earth's
gravity.
Energy transferred by a force. Work done = force x distance
moved in the direction of the force.
13
Moments and Circular Motion – Glossary
Term
Acceleration
Anticlockwise
Centre of
mass
Centripetal
force
Definition
The rate of change of velocity, measured in metres per second
squared. Acceleration = change of velocity divided by time
taken.
In the opposite direction that the hands of a clock move around
a clock face.
A point where all the mass of a body may be assumed to be
concentrated.
A force that pulls a rotating object towards a centre.
Clockwise
In the same direction that the hands of a clock move around a
clock face.
Frequency
The number of complete cycles per second.
Lever
Mass
Moment
A rigid bar that pivots about a point fulcrum and is used to
move or lift a load.
The amount of matter an object contains. Mass is measured in
kg.
A turning force which is the product of force times
perpendicular distance from a pivot.
Oscillation
To move (swing) backwards and forwards between two points.
Pendulum
A weight hung from a fixed point so that it can swing freely.
Perpendicular A right angles or 90 degrees to a surface.
Pivot
(fulcrum)
A point on which something turns.
Radius
A straight line extending from the centre of a circle to its edge.
Resultant
force
The sum of all the forces.
Speed
The rate of travel of an object. It is measured in m/s, and
speed = distance travelled divided by time taken.
Suspended
To hang something from above.
Symmetrical
In which parts on either side of a central dividing line
correspond to each other and are identical to each other.
Tangent
A line that touches one point of a curve.
Time period
The time taken for one complete cycle to elapse (measured in
seconds).
Torque
A force that causes twisting or turning.
Vector
A quantity that has magnitude and direction.
Velocity
The speed of an object in a particular direction.
14
Electrical Circuits – Glossary
Term
Alternating
current
Definition
Also called a.c. - it is an electric current which regularly
changes direction and size.
Ammeter
A device used to measure electric current.
Ampere
The unit of electric current, symbol A.
Charge
Circuit
Coulomb
Current
Direct
current
Electric
current
Electrical
energy
A positive or negative electrical property of particles, measured
in Coulombs.
The path taken by an electric current, often comprising a cell,
an electrical device and connecting wires.
The unit of electric charge, symbol C. One coulomb is the
amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1
second.
Moving electric charges, for example, electrons moving through
a metal wire.
Also called d.c. - it is electric current that flows in one direction
only.
The rate of flow of electric charge.
Energy transferred by electricity.
Electrons
Small particles responsible for carrying charge.
Free
electrons
Electrons that move about freely inside a metal and are not
held inside an atom.
Insulators
Materials that are poor conductors of electricity or heat.
Potential
difference
The voltage between two points that makes an electric current
flow between them.
The opposition in an electrical component to the flow of
electricity through it. Resistance is measured in ohms.
The potential difference of a cell, electrical supply or electric
component. It is measured in volts, V.
Resistance
Voltage
Voltmeter
A device used to measure potential difference or voltage.
Volts
The unit of potential difference, symbol V.
15
Electrical Devices – Glossary
Term
Definition
Ammeter
Ampere
A device used to measure electric current.
The unit of electric current, symbol A.
One or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy.
A device that transforms electrical energy into light energy.
A device used to generate an electromotive force (voltage).
Battery
Bulb
Cell
Compact
Fluorescent
Lamps (CFLs)
Current
Diode
Diode
Electromotive
force
Fuse
Lamp
Light
Dependant
Resistor
(LDR)
Light Emitting
Diode (LED)
Lightdependent
resistors
Photoresistor
Resistor
Switch
Thermistor
Thermistor
Voltage
Voltmeter
Volts
A fluorescent lamp designed to have high efficiency.
Moving electric charges, for example, electrons moving through a
metal wire.
An electrical device which allows current to flow in one direction only.
A diode that only permits electrical current to flow through it in one
direction.
The voltage generated by a battery or cell.
A device used in electrical systems to protect against excessive
current.
A device that transforms electrical energy into light energy.
A resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing light intensity.
A device which emits light energy and only permits current to flow
through it in one direction.
Also known as the LDR, the light-dependent resistor is an electrical
device whose resistance decreases when light shines on it.
A resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing light intensity.
A device which provides an electrical resistance in a circuit.
A device for completing and breaking an electrical circuit.
An electrical device whose resistance decreases as its temperature
increases.
A type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with
temperature.
The potential difference of a cell, electrical supply or electric
component. It is measured in volts, V.
A device used to measure potential difference or voltage.
The unit of potential difference, symbol V.
16
Household Electricity – Glossary
Term
Alternating
current
Cathode ray
oscilloscope
Circuit
breaker
Definition
Also called a.c. - it is an electric current which regularly changes
direction and size.
A device that allows observation of constantly varying signals.
A device that automatically opens an electric circuit when the current
becomes too high.
The part of the plug that grips the outer insulation of an electrical
Cord Grip
cable.
Moving electric charges, for example, electrons moving through a
Current
metal wire.
Direct current Also called d.c. - it is electric current that flows in one direction only.
Double
A electrical appliance which has been designed in such a way that it
insulation
does not require a safety connection to electrical earth (ground).
A conductor that provides a low resistance path to the Earth to
Earth wire
prevent hazardous voltages from appearing.
This occurs upon contact of a (human) body with any source of
Electric shock
electricity that causes sufficient current through the skin.
A magnet made by wrapping a coil of wire around an iron bar and
Electromagnet
passing an electric current through the coil.
Frequency
The number of complete cycles per second.
An electrical component that protects circuits and electrical devices
Fuse
from overload by melting when the current becomes too high.
Live wire
A wire which carried an oscillating voltage with respect to the earth.
Mains
The electricity that is supplied to a domestic user (in your house).
electricity
A circuit conductor that carries current in normal operation, which is
Neutral wire
connected to ground (or earth).
The repetitive variation in time of some measure about a central
Oscillating
value. (a to and fro movement).
Pin
The part of a plug that goes into the holes in an electrical socket.
The rate at which energy is transferred or work is done, measured in
Power
W. Power = work done divided by time taken.
Rectifier
A device that converts alternating current to direct current.
Residual
Current
An electrical wiring device that disconnects a circuit whenever it
Circuit
detects that the electrical current is not balanced between the
Breaker
energised conductor and the return neutral conductor.
(RCCB)
A moveable connector attached to an electrically operated device's
Three pin plug
power cord.
The time taken for one complete cycle to elapse (measured in
Time period
seconds).
17
Transferring Electrical Energy – Glossary
Term
Kilowatthours
Definition
The units used to charge for electricity. One kilowatt-hour, 1
kWh, is the amount of electrical energy transferred when one
kilowatt is drawn for one hour.
National grid
A network of transformers and cables used to transfer
electricity from power stations to consumers.
Power
The rate at which energy is transferred or work is done,
measured in W. Power = work done divided by time taken.
Power
The rate at which electrical energy is transformed, measured in
Watts.
Power lines
The cables that form are attached to electricity Pylons that
form part of the national grid.
Power
station
A place where electricity is produced and supplied to the
national grid.
Pylon
A tall structure that supports the cables that make up the
national grid.
Step down
transformer
Electrical device used to decrease or step down an alternating
voltage.
Step up
transformer
Electrical device used to increase or step up an alternating
voltage.
Transformer
A device used to increase or decrease the voltage of an
electricity supply.
Units
Electricity is charged in Units: 1 Unit is 1 kilowatt-hour, 1kWh.
Watts
The unit of power: 1 watt is 1 joule per second.
18
Motors and Generators – Glossary
Term
Dynamo
Attract
Circuit
breaker
Coil
Electromagne
t
Electrostatic
induction
Generator
Magnet
Motor
Parallel
Perpendicular
Polarity
Relay
Repel
Solenoid
Stationary
Turn
Uniform
Definition
A type of electrical generator.
To draw object nearer.
A device that automatically opens an electric circuit when the
current becomes too high.
One or more turns of a wire.
A magnet made by wrapping a coil of wire around an iron bar
and passing an electric current through the coil.
The production of an electric current across a conductor
moving through a magnetic field.
An electromagnetic device that produces electricity when it is
turned.
A material or object that produces a magnetic field.
A device that transforms electrical energy into kinetic energy.
In the same direction as something.
At right angles to something.
Opposite physical characteristics in a system.
An electrically operated switch.
To push objects away.
A long thin loop of wire (a coil of wire).
Not moving.
A loop of wire.
Unchanging or constant.
19
Transformers – Glossary
Term
Alternating
current
Coil
Direct
current
Laminated
National grid
Definition
Also called a.c. - it is an electric current which regularly
changes direction and size.
One or more turns of a wire.
Also called d.c. - it is electric current that flows in one direction
only.
An object made from thin sheets glued together.
A network of transformers and cables used to transfer
electricity from power stations to consumers.
Electrical device used to decrease or step down an alternating
voltage.
Electrical device used to increase or step up an alternating
voltage.
Step down
transformer
Step up
transformer
Switch mode
A type of transformer that operates at high frequency.
transformer
A device used to increase or decrease the voltage of an
Transformer
electricity supply.
Turn
A loop of wire.
20