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Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Chapter 1 From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of these lifestyles is based almost entirely on domestic animals? A) pastoral B) nomadic C) farming D) slash-and-burn cultivation Page Ref: 8 Topic: Introduction Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2) What was one of the technological advances of the Paleolithic peoples? A) caves B) monumental architectural structures C) stone tools D) bronze tools Page Ref: 9 Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3) The hominid species that first spread out of Africa and around the world was ________. A) Homo erectus B) Homo sapiens sapiens C) Peking man D) Homo ergaster Page Ref: 10 Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4) Development of speech occurred ________ the Paleolithic Age. A) at the beginning of B) after C) in the middle of D) late in Page Ref: 10 Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5) The Lascaux cave paintings were created by ________ peoples. A) Paleolithic B) Neolithic C) nomadic Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th D) farming Page Ref: 10 Topic: Human Development and Change Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6) Which of these first developed in the Paleolithic Age? A) farming B) towns C) governments D) language Page Ref: 10 Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9) The continent on which humans originated was ________. A) Asia B) Africa C) Europe D) Australia Page Ref: 10 Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11) Which of these followed immediately after the Paleolithic? A) Neolithic Age B) Mesolithic Age C) agricultural revolution D) the last ice age Page Ref: 12 Topic: Human Development and Change Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12) Taiwan and Indonesia were settled by migrants from ________. A) India B) China C) Japan D) Australia Page Ref: 12 Topic: Human Development and Change Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14) The transition to sedentary agriculture is referred to as the _________. A) Paleolithic revolution B) Bronze Age revolution C) Mesolithic revolution D) Neolithic revolution Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 13 Topic: The Neolithic Revolution Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15) The first grains domesticated in the Middle East were ________. A) wheat and rice B) wheat and oats C) millet and rice D) wheat and barley Page Ref: 13 Topic: The Neolithic Revolution Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16) The Neolithic revolution occurred from ________. A) 3000 to 500 B.C.E. B) 8500 to 3500 B.C.E. C) 12,000 to 8000 B.C.E. D) 4000 to 3000 B.C.E. Page Ref: 13 Topic: The Neolithic Revolution Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18) The earliest towns developed in ________. A) Africa B) China C) the Americas D) the Middle East Page Ref: 15 Topic: Agriculture and Change Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19) Which of these metals was worked first? A) copper B) bronze C) iron D) brass Page Ref: 15 Topic: Agriculture and Change Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21) Çatal Hüyük, one of the early agricultural communities, was located in modern ________. A) Egypt B) Turkey C) Jordan River valley D) Huang-he River valley Page Ref: 15 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Agriculture and Change Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23) Ironworking was introduced to the Middle East by migrants from ________. A) central Asia B) Europe C) Africa D) south Asia Page Ref: 16 Topic: Agriculture and Change Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24) The Lapps of northern Europe herded ________. A) camels B) horses C) reindeer D) donkeys Page Ref: 17 Topic: Nomadic Societies Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26) The creation of agricultural surpluses resulted in ________. A) social stratification B) an industrial revolution C) matrilocal patterns of marriage D) a lack of social stratification Page Ref: 8 Topic: Introduction Skill Level: Understand the Connections 27) Like modern humans, Paleolithic peoples ________. A) used tools B) farmed C) lived in cities D) wrote Page Ref: 9 Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Understand the Connections 28) Which of these best characterize human development in the Paleolithic Age? A) rapid but minor changes B) rapid compared to the Neolithic Age C) slow and marked by profound changes D) uneventful Page Ref: 9-10 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Understand the Connections 29) Which of these set Homo erectus on a different path from other animals? A) brain capacity B) tool-using C) their environment D) the ability to speak Page Ref: 10 Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Understand the Connections 30) Most human societies in the Paleolithic Age consisted of ________. A) urbanized civilizations B) small groups of hunters and gatherers C) sedentary agricultural groups D) cave-dwelling bands Page Ref: 10 Topic: Human Development and Change Skill Level: Understand the Connections 31) Which of these is certainly reflected by cave paintings, such as those from Lascaux, France? A) intentional creation B) spirituality C) the work of historians D) artistic expression Page Ref: 10 Topic: Human Development and Change Skill Level: Understand the Connections 32) In “Representations of Women in Early Art,” these figures of women appear to be most closely associated with ________. A) fertility B) wisdom C) leadership D) farming Page Ref: 11 Topic: Human Development and Change Skill Level: Understand the Connections 33) The global spread of Homo sapiens sapiens is best understood as ________. A) the earliest worldwide spread of humans B) one of several large migrations of early humans C) the spread of agriculture on a global scale D) the end of the Paleolithic Age Page Ref: 11 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: The Neolithic Revolution Skill Level: Understand the Connections 34) The Neolithic revolution was an achievement of ________. A) Homo erectus B) Bronze Age humans C) Iron Age humans D) Homo sapiens sapiens Page Ref: 11 Topic: Human Development and Change Skill Level: Understand the Connections 37) The emergence of specialized manufacturing in the Neolithic period was dependent on ________. A) hunting and gathering B) agriculture C) fully developed towns D) sophisticated governments Page Ref: 15 Topic: Agriculture and Change Skill Level: Understand the Connections 38) At Çatal Hüyük, a rudimentary ________ appeared A) town B) literature C) nomadic society D) regional government Page Ref: 15 Topic: Agriculture and Change Skill Level: Understand the Connections 40) Towns emerged largely in response to the need for cooperation for what kinds of projects? A) markets B) roads C) irrigation D) defenses Page Ref: 15 Topic: Agriculture and Change Skill Level: Understand the Connections 41) Nomads are generally ________. A) shifting cultivators B) herders C) farmers D) hunters Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 16 Topic: Nomadic Societies Skill Level: Understand the Connections 42) Which of these was likely to transform nomadic bands into larger groups? A) warfare B) farming C) herding D) town life Page Ref: 17 Topic: Nomadic Societies Skill Level: Understand the Connections 43) To the Chinese, a “barbarian” was anyone who ________. A) was racially different B) did not speak Chinese or adopt Chinese ways C) did not farm. D) was not a member of the political and religious elite Page Ref: 18 Topic: Thinking Historically: The Idea of Civilization in World Historical Perspective Skill Level: Understand the Connections 44) The term “savages” has historically been used by ________ peoples. A) hunter-gatherer B) nomadic C) civilized D) pastoralist Page Ref: 18-19 Topic: Nomadic Societies Skill Level: Understand the Connections 45) In an historical context, the term “savage” indicates ________. A) occupational specialization B) a perceived divide between civilized and noncivilized C) the perception that races are distinct groups D) traditions shared by settled and nomadic peoples Page Ref: 18-19 Topic: Nomadic Societies Skill Level: Understand the Connections 46) In the context of history, civilization is best considered ________. A) one of many modes of life B) a superior way of life C) the dominant pattern in world history D) an improvement over pastoralism Page Ref: 19 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Nomadic Societies Skill Level: Understand the Connections 47) Which of these best formulates the relationship between “culture” and “civilization”? A) Cultures develop into civilizations. B) Earlier peoples had cultures, while after the agrarian revolution civilizations dominated. C) Culture refers to the arts, while civilization refers to the political and military realms. D) Civilization is a type of culture. Page Ref: 19 Topic: Nomadic Societies Skill Level: Understand the Connections 48) Homo sapiens sapiens is best understood as the ________. A) last humanoid species to evolve B) most successful humanoid species C) only humanoid species to make tools D) culmination of human development Page Ref: 10 Topic: Getting Started Is Always Hard Skill Level: Analyze the Past 49) Hunting and gathering became more specialized in the Neolithic revolution, leading to two strands: ________. A) pastoralism and agriculture B) nomadism and pastoralism C) sedentary agriculture and pastoralism D) shifting cultivation and sedentary agriculture Page Ref: 13 Topic: The Neolithic Revolution Skill Level: Analyze the Past 50) Çatal Hüyük indicates that early civilizations ________. A) were first developed by nomads B) developed writing before towns C) did not create a sharp break with earlier ways of life D) emerged as a result of warfare Page Ref: 15 Topic: Agriculture and Change Skill Level: Analyze the Past Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Chapter 2 Early Civilizations, 3500–600 B.C.E. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What was the first river valley civilization? A) Egypt B) Sumer C) Mesoamerica D) Anatolia Page Ref: 23 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2) The first civilization to emerge in the Middle East was created by the ________. A) Assyrians B) Egyptians C) Babylonians D) Sumerians Page Ref: 23 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3) Sumerian writing is called ________. A) hieroglyphics B) Linear A C) cuneiform D) pictographic Page Ref: 23 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4) Ziggurats were Sumerian ________. A) wheeled vehicles B) irrigation systems C) slaves D) towers Page Ref: 24 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5) The first ruler to create an empire in Mesopotamia was ________. A) Gilgamesh of Erech B) Dumuzi of Ur C) Sargon I of Akkad D) Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 25 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6) Hammurabi ruled ________. A) the Babylonian Empire B) Uruk C) Jericho D) Thebes Page Ref: 25 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8) One of the most significant accomplishments of Hammurabi was the ________. A) conquest of Egypt B) codification of the laws of Mesopotamia C) construction of the monumental architecture of Hattusas D) destruction of the Babylonian Empire Page Ref: 26 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9) Pyramids were ________. A) tombs B) palaces C) urban centers D) defensive works Page Ref: 27 Topic: Egyptian Civilization Skill Level: Remember the Facts 10) In which of these areas were Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations similar? A) literary developments B) the role of commerce C) the power of priests D) monumental architecture Page Ref: 30 Topic: Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11) The Harappan civilization developed along what river valley system? A) Nile B) Indus C) Yellow D) Ganges Page Ref: 30 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: River Valley Civilization in India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3) The Vedas of the Aryans were ________. A) law codes B) folk tales C) historical records D) epics Page Ref: 32 Topic: River Valley Civilization in India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14) What dynasty established the first documented kingdom of ancient China? A) Xia B) Shang C) Han D) Ming Page Ref: 32 Topic: China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16) The rationalization for the overthrow of the Shang based on the principle of divine judgment was called ________. A) Tian’s justice B) judgment of the gods C) the Divine Wind D) the “mandate of heaven” Page Ref: 33 Topic: China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18) Which of these was a common crop in the ancient Andean world? A) wheat B) manioc C) potatoes D) rice Page Ref: 34 Topic: Early Civilizations in the Americas Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19) The first Mesoamerican civilization was the ________ culture. A) Olmec B) Toltec Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th C) Maya D) Inca Page Ref: 34 Topic: Early Civilizations in the Americas Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21) What was the first African state other than Egypt to emerge? A) Minoan Crete B) Phoenicia C) Assyria D) Kush Page Ref: 36 Topic: The End of the River Valley Period Skill Level: Remember the Facts 22) Monotheistic religions have only one ________. A) religious center B) holy text C) god D) language Page Ref: 37 Topic: The End of the River Valley Period Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23) Phoenician civilization was centered on ________. A) the Mediterranean B) Arabia C) the Aegean D) the Nile Page Ref: 37 Topic: The End of the River Valley Period Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24) The 22-letter alphabet that later developed into the Greek alphabet was created by the ________. A) Egyptians B) Hebrews C) Phoenicians D) Minoans Page Ref: 37 Topic: The End of the River Valley Period Skill Level: Remember the Facts 25) Which of the following peoples successfully colonized the western Mediterranean? A) Minoans B) Hittites Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th C) Phoenicians D) Assyrians Page Ref: 37 Topic: The End of the River Valley Period Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26) The term “civilization” is best considered a(n) ________. A) group of achievements including writing and painting B) type of political, economic, and social organization C) way of life distinguished from shifting cultivation D) advanced way of life Page Ref: 22 Topic: Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 27) Unlike noncivilized societies, civilizations are marked by ________. A) sophisticated social hierarchies B) egalitarian societies C) urbanization D) a peaceful way of life Page Ref: 22 Topic: Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 28) Like all civilizations, Sumer developed an economy based on ________. A) commerce B) agriculture C) conquest D) mining Page Ref: 23 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 30) Sumerian ziggurats marked the development of what other Sumerian institution? A) pantheism B) warfare C) monarchy D) a monetary system Page Ref: 24 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 31) Akkadian culture in Mesopotamia established which of these patterns? A) A people conquer a culture and adopt local customs to take over as rulers. Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th B) A violent invasion disrupts an earlier culture so that a profound rupture results. C) Two peoples mingle to create a new culture. D) An indigenous culture develops over time into a distinctive new culture. Page Ref: 24-25 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 32) Which of these patterns was marked by the rise of the Babylonian Empire? A) a steady progression towards larger and larger empires in the region B) the contraction of Mesopotamian political life to the mouth of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers C) the disintegration of empires into city-states D) the end of Sumerian culture under an invader Page Ref: 25 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 33) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impact of the IndoEuropeans on the ancient civilizations of the Middle East? A) They rapidly adapted to Mesopotamian culture and so had minimal impact. B) They came in successive waves, disrupted the civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia, and introduced the use of iron. C) Although the Indo-European invasions had a temporary impact, the ancient civilizations soon recovered. D) The Indo-European impact was limited to Asia Minor and the Greek mainland. Page Ref: 25 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 34) According to Hammurabi, in “Hammurabi’s Law Code,” the ruler derived his authority from ________. A) the people B) the priestly class C) the gods D) his parents Page Ref: 26 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 35) Unlike Mesopotamian ziggurats, the pyramids were primarily for ________. A) public ceremonies B) royal burials C) markets D) defense Page Ref: 27-28 Topic: Egyptian Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 36) Egyptian culture was essentially ________. A) dramatic B) conservative C) forward-looking D) pessimistic Page Ref: 27-28 Topic: Egyptian Civilization Skill Level: Understand the Connections 38) Which of these best summarizes the relationship between Mesopotamian and Egyptian culture? A) In most areas, the two were essentially the same culture. B) Millennia of distinct development led to two essentially different cultures. C) The two cultures shared core features, with key distinctions. D) Egypt can be considered a lesser version of Mesopotamian culture. Page Ref: 29-30 Topic: Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared Skill Level: Understand the Connections 39) Which of these was illustrated by both Harappa and Sumer? A) the influence of the Aryans B) the simultaneous development of cities and religion C) the close connection between river valleys and early civilizations D) the rapid rise and fall of a river valley civilization Page Ref: 30 Topic: River Valley Civilization in India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 40) What was the cultural relationship between Harappan civilization and the Aryans? A) The Aryans adopted nearly all the cultural attributes of the Harappans including urbanization and political centralization. B) The Aryans rapidly assimilated the Harappan agricultural techniques including massive irrigation projects, but they rejected all else. C) The Aryans accepted the Harappan religious pantheon, but they were unable to achieve the technological proficiency of the Harappans. D) There was little continuity between Harappan and Aryan cultures. Page Ref: 31-32 Topic: River Valley Civilization in India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 41) Why was Chinese writing referred to as the key to the creation of a distinctive Chinese identity? A) The Chinese were the only civilization to evolve their writing system from pictographs. B) The Chinese were the only civilization to utilize their writing for commerce. Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th C) The Chinese writing system encouraged almost universal literacy among Chinese people. D) China had many languages, but only one writing system. Page Ref: 32 Topic: China Skill Level: Understand the Connections 42) The Zhou dynasty can be said to have continued the work of the Shang dynasty, especially in what direction? A) westward B) southward C) eastward D) northward Page Ref: 33 Topic: China Skill Level: Understand the Connections 44) Which of these familiar connections marked the first civilizations in the Americas? A) writing and civilization B) joint secular and religious authority C) a slow shift from villages to towns D) agriculture and urbanization Page Ref: 34 A-Head: Early Civilizations in the Americas Bloom’s: Understand the Connections 45) Which of these was illustrated by developments in Egypt, Kush, and Axum? A) The wealth of Egypt attracted attacks from Kush and Axum. B) Natural defenses are easily overcome by a powerful state. C) Rivers can form axes along which cultures are easily carried and shared. D) Internal weakness can make a country vulnerable to conquest. Page Ref: 36 Topic: The End of the River Valley Period Skill Level: Understand the Connections 46) The most significant contribution of the early Jewish state to Western civilization was ________. A) its sense of a divine plan B) its use of elaborate rituals concerning death C) its emphasis on divine kingship D) a new idea of the relationship between the divine and humans Page Ref: 37 Topic: The End of The River Valley Period Skill Level: Understand the Connections 47) Unlike the Egyptians and Akkadians, the Phoenicians ________. A) impacted many cultures through trade Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th B) had primarily a local cultural impact C) were Indo-European in origin D) remained confined to small city-states Page Ref: 37 Topic: The End of The River Valley Period Skill Level: Understand the Connections 48) In Hammurabi’s hands, a new law code served ________. A) as a tool to unify his realm B) favor the wealthy over the poor C) to create strong new divisions D) as a source of revenue Page Ref: 26-27 Topic: Tigris-Euphrates Civilization Skill Level: Analyze the Past 49) Which of these characterizes the transition from Harappan to Vedic culture in south Asia? A) the replacement of one civilization with another B) the temporary end of civilization C) the merging of two peoples following an invasion D) the violent destruction of a civilization by invaders Page Ref: 31-32 Topic: River Valley Civilization in India Skill Level: Analyze the Past 50) Compared to the pattern seen in Mesopotamia, the appearance of the first recorded Chinese Empire was ________. A) more dramatic B) roughly similar C) much more gradual D) contemporaneous Page Ref: 32 Topic: China Skill Level: Analyze the Past Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Chapter 3 Classical Civilization: China Multiple-Choice Questions 2) Which of these dynasties first extended Chinese rule to the Yangzi River valley? A) Qin B) Zhou C) Shang D) Han Page Ref: 56 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5) Qin Shi Huangdi carried out which of these policies? A) allowed imperial power to pass to strong vassals B) began massive construction projects C) introduced and supported Buddhism D) attacked the power of the nobles Page Ref: 57 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6) China’s first emperor was ________. A) Wang Mang B) Qin Shi Huangdi C) Xunzi D) Han Wudi Page Ref: 57 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 7) Construction of the Great Wall was begun under ________. A) Xunzi B) Qin Shi Huangdi C) Han Wudi D) Wang Mang Page Ref: 58 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8) The rebellion that ended the Qin dynasty was initiated by ________. A) vassals B) a palace coup C) invasion Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th D) peasants Page Ref: 59 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 10) Which of these was the most famous Han ruler? A) Shi Huangdi B) Mencius C) Wudi D) Xunzi Page Ref: 59 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12) The Xiongnu were ________. A) nomadic invaders B) successors to the shi class C) powerful Chinese warrior elites D) landed peasants Page Ref: 60 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14) Who wrote The Art of War? A) Shang Yang B) Xunzi C) Laozi D) Confucius Page Ref: 62 Topic: Political Institutions Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15) Which of these men wrote the Analects? A) Confucius B) Mencius C) Shang Yang D) Laozi Page Ref: 64 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16) Which of these men was a follower of Confucius? A) Laozi B) Mencius C) Qin Shi Huangdi D) Xunzi Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 64 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17) Which of these philosophies was based on the notion that humans are basically evil? A) Daoism B) Confucianism C) Legalism D) Buddhism Page Ref: 65 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18) Laozi was the founder of ________. A) Daoism B) the Qin dynasty C) the Han dynasty D) Legalism Page Ref: 65 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19) “Dao” means ________. A) harmony B) truth C) the way D) right living Page Ref: 65 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20) The Classic of Songs is a collection of ________. A) laws B) Confucian sayings C) poetry D) hymns Page Ref: 66 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21) Which of these first emerged as a distinct and powerful class under the Han rulers? A) shi B) military elites C) merchants D) scholar-gentry Page Ref: 68 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Remember the Facts 22) The Han capital was at ________. A) Xi’an B) Beijing C) Xianyang D) Luoyang Page Ref: 68 Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23) Which of these was invented in the Han period? A) gunpowder B) paper C) paper money D) the plow Page Ref: 69 Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24) In the Han era, a ________ was developed that made the use of draft animals more efficient. A) collar B) plow C) saddle D) bit Page Ref: 69 Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Remember the Facts 25) Which of these is the pattern of inheritance in which the oldest male inherits everything? A) primogeniture B) patrilineal descent C) patriarchy D) split inheritance Page Ref: 71 Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26) Which of these helps to explain the focus of Confucius on education and imperial service? A) the period of warfare during which he lived B) his loyalty to the Zhou emperors C) his family’s shi background D) his faith Page Ref: 55 Topic: Introduction Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Skill Level: Understand the Connections 27) Which of these most threatened imperial culture after the fall of the Zhou dynasty? A) military elites B) the scholar-gentry C) Legalists D) peasants Page Ref: 57 Topic: Patterns in Classical Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 28) Which of these groups generally lost power under the Qin rulers? A) merchants B) peasants C) nobles D) scholar-gentry Page Ref: 57 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Understand the Connections 29) Both the glory of Qin Shi Huangdi’s reign and a key reason for his downfall was his ________. A) policy of expansion B) support of Confucianism C) massive building program D) numerous offspring Page Ref: 58 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Understand the Connections 30) Which of these best characterizes the Qin dynasty in the context of Chinese history? A) a very short but extremely influential period B) a short and troubled period C) a period of consolidation D) a period marked by fragmentation and political chaos Page Ref: 58 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Understand the Connections 32) Han emperors found Confucianism helpful because the philosophy________. A) promoted spirituality B) emphasized the importance of a strong state C) stressed loyalty D) had historic links to Qin Shi Huangdi Page Ref: 60 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Skill Level: Understand the Connections 33) Like the Zhou dynasty, the end of the Han dynasty was marked by ________. A) a period of warfare B) a palace coup C) Xiongnu invasion D) a new dynasty Page Ref: 60 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Understand the Connections 35) The examination system can be said to have been _________ members of elite groups in China. A) open only to B) closed to C) shunned by D) dominated by Page Ref: 61 Topic: Political Institutions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 36) The background to the development of Confucius’s philosophy was ________. A) the early Han dynasty B) a period of political chaos C) the growing power of the shi D) growing international trade Page Ref: 64 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 37) Unlike Laozi, Confucius focused on the ________. A) spiritual B) arts C) practical D) afterlife Page Ref: 64 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 38) Which of these was the key goal of Confucianism? A) justice B) order C) harmony with nature D) expansion Page Ref: 64 Topic: Religion and Culture Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Skill Level: Understand the Connections 39) The ideas of Mencius _________ the ideas of Confucius. A) sharply diverged from B) were more based on spirituality than C) had little relation to D) followed and expanded Page Ref: 64 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 41) For both Legalism and Confucianism, which of these was a key virtue? A) justice B) service to the state C) charity D) humility Page Ref: 64-65 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 42) Daoism and Confucianism were able to coexist because they ________. A) shared very similar beliefs B) applied to different facets of life C) were adopted by the scholar-gentry and commoners, respectively D) were both founded on Legalism Page Ref: 65 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 43) The ideas of Legalism ________ imperial power. A) provided influential support to B) undermined C) rejected the importance of D) promoted virtue over Page Ref: 65 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 46) Confucianism provided support for what well-established tradition in China? A) the dominance of aristocrats B) monotheism C) patriarchy D) ancestor worship Page Ref: 70 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Understand the Connections 47) In the context of classical Chinese culture, the influence of Buddhism was ________. A) an anomaly B) typical C) rejected D) insignificant Page Ref: 71 Topic: A Distinctive Mixture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 48) Which of these best explains the success of Legalism immediately following the lifetime of Confucius? A) continued political turmoil B) a hostile reaction to Confucius C) the beginnings of the Han dynasty D) Confucius’s exile for political reasons Page Ref: 57 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Analyze the Past 49) Like the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom, the status of Qin Shi Huangdi in Chinese history is largely due to his ________. A) reputation for justice B) enduring law code C) personal victories D) massive building projects Page Ref: 58 Topic: Patterns in Classical China Skill Level: Analyze the Past Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Chapter 4 Classical Civilization: India Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The holy texts of the brahmans were the ________. A) Sanskrit B) Mahabharata C) Vedas D) Bhagavad Gita Page Ref: 77 Topic: The Framework for Indian History: Geography and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3) Which of these is the lowest social order in the caste system? A) untouchables B) brahmans C) warriors D) merchants Page Ref: 77 Topic: The Framework for Indian History: Geography and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4) The ________ are seasonal winds that bring critical moisture to south Asian farm lands. A) varnas B) Vedas C) monsoons D) jatis Page Ref: 77 Topic: The Framework for Indian History: Geography and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6) Which of these were social classes of Aryan south Asia? A) Vedas B) jatis C) monsoons D) varnas Page Ref: 77 Topic: The Framework for Indian History: Geography and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 7) Which of these is the Hindu god of thunder? A) Vishnu B) Shiva C) Indra Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th D) Kautilya Page Ref: 78 Topic: The Framework for Indian History: Geography and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9) One’s dharma is one’s ________. A) past B) religion C) family D) life path Page Ref: 79 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 10) Which of these was the founder of the Mauryan dynasty? A) Harsha B) Ashoka C) Chandragupta D) Kautilya Page Ref: 78-79 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11) Which of these are religious figures devoted to a life deprived of worldly pleasures? A) priests B) alchemists C) ascetics D) brahmans Page Ref: 79 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 13) The ________ invaded south Asia and set up a state following the Mauryan period. A) Kushans B) Mongols C) Huns D) Aryans Page Ref: 79 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14) Mauryan culture reached its height under ________. A) Alexander the Great B) Ashoka C) Kanishka D) Chandragupta Page Ref: 79 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16) Kautilya came to prominence as ________. A) the founder of the Mauryan Empire B) the first Gupta ruler C) advisor to Chandragupta D) the founder of Buddhism Page Ref: 81 Topic: Political Institutions Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17) Which of these encompassed the changes in Hinduism in the Epic Age? A) the Arthashastra B) the Ramayana C) the Upanishads D) the Mahabharata Page Ref: 82 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18) Indian gurus are ________. A) wandering scholars B) military leaders C) monks D) religious teachers Page Ref: 83 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19) Shiva is a deity in ________. A) Hinduism B) Buddhism C) Zoroastrianism D) The show The League Page Ref: 83 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21) The given name of the Buddha was ________. A) Chandragupta Maurya B) Ashoka C) Alexander D) Siddhartha Gautama Page Ref: 84 Topic: Religion and Culture Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Skill Level: Remember the Facts 22) According to Hindu beliefs, one’s reincarnation will be determined by one’s ________. A) dharma B) actions C) caste D) occupation Page Ref: 84 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24) The period of Gupta rule brought the ________ back to power. A) Buddhists B) brahmans C) merchants D) lower castes Page Ref: 85 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26) Sanskrit came to have a special place in south Asian society, largely because it was the language of ________. A) Greek conquerors B) the Mahabharata C) science D) the Vedas Page Ref: 77 Topic: The Framework for Indian History: Geography and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 27) The jatis represent a(n) ________ the Aryan varnas. A) rejection of B) evolution of C) alternative to D) precursor to Page Ref: 77 Topic: The Framework for Indian History: Geography and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 30) The political and social culture of Aryan culture in south Asia resembled Greek culture because ________. A) the Greeks had conquered south Asia B) close trading connections tied the two areas together C) both were part of the Persian Empire D) the two cultures shared the same roots Page Ref: 78 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: The Framework for Indian History: Geography and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 31) The rise of the Mauryan dynasty was an indirect result of what other event? A) the conquests of Alexander the Great B) the rise of Buddhism C) the fall of the Gupta dynasty D) the end of Harappan civilization Page Ref: 78 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 32) Like Chinese emperors, Chandragupta Maurya attempted to set himself apart from the rest of Indian society ________. A) with massive public works projects B) through patronage C) through elaborate rituals D) by eliminating powerful vassals Page Ref: 79 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 33) In the second half of his reign, Ashoka blended _________ and political leadership. A) military B) religious C) commercial D) intellectual Page Ref: 79 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 35) Compared to the Mauryan Empire at its height, the Gupta Empire represented ________. A) rapid expansion B) retreat C) gradual expansion D) the status quo Page Ref: 80 Topic: Patterns in Classical India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 36) In the same way that caste traditions were threatened by Buddhism, the Hindu resurgence ________ the caste system in south Asia. A) ended B) continued C) more firmly imposed D) mitigated the effects of Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 82 Topic: Political Institutions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 37) In the late classical age, caste determined ________. A) all of one’s personal life B) one’s occupation C) one’s social standing D) what one ate Page Ref: 81 Topic: Political Institutions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 38) Gupta support for Hinduism was largely motivated by ________ considerations. A) religious B) political C) economic D) diplomatic Page Ref: 81 Topic: Political Institutions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 39) The period of Buddhist dominance marked a ________ in the role of the brahmans in south Asia. A) new direction B) high point C) hiatus D) low point Page Ref: 82 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 42) Buddhism can be characterized as ________ Hinduism. A) a pure form of B) developing on the same root principles as C) a branch of D) a repudiation of Page Ref: 85 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 44) Which of these was the main vehicle in the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism to southeast Asia? A) conquest B) folk migrations Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th C) commerce D) Chinese expansion Page Ref: 88 Topic: Indian Influence and Comparative Features Skill Level: Understand the Connections 45) Which of these groups had a much higher status in south Asia than in China? A) merchants B) priests C) peasants D) farmers Page Ref: 88 Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Understand the Connections 46) Like China, India was advanced over other world regions in ________. A) overseas exploration B) building an egalitarian society C) agricultural production D) manufacturing Page Ref: 88 Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Understand the Connections 48) In Vedic south Asia, the brahmans played roughly the same role as the ________. A) merchants in ancient Persia B) shi in Qin China C) helots in ancient Sparta D) warriors in classical Athens Page Ref: 76 Topic: Introduction Skill Level: Analyze the Past 49) Both caste in south Asia and Confucian social hierarchies served the same purpose: they both served to ________. A) structure society B) keep the poor down C) strengthen imperial power D) limit the power of religious elites Page Ref: 87-88 Topic: Economy and Society Skill Level: Analyze the Past 50) Buddhism presented a ________ the caste system. A) new justification for Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th B) new role for C) catastrophe D) temporary challenge to Page Ref: 85 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Analyze the Past Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Chapter 5 Classical Civilizations in the Middle East and Mediterranean Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Cyrus the Great ruled ________ in the mid-sixth century, B.C.E. A) Athens B) India C) Persia D) Egypt Page Ref: 97 Topic: The Persian Tradition Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2) Zoroastrianism took root in ________. A) the Persian Empire B) classical Athens C) Egypt D) the Seleucid Empire Page Ref: 98 Topic: The Persian Tradition Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3) The Magi were ________. A) Zoroastrian priests B) Persian rulers C) Athenian generals D) Spartan slaves Page Ref: 98 Topic: The Persian Tradition Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5) Which of these conquered the Greek city-states? A) Alexander the Great B) Cyrus the Great C) Philip II D) Darius Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6) Which of these men dominated Athenian politics in the fifth century, B.C.E.? A) Solon B) Aristophanes C) Philip II D) Pericles Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 7) The Peloponnesian Wars were between ________. A) Athens and Sparta B) Greeks and Persia C) Mycenaeans and Trojans D) the Delian League and Athens Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8) The Peloponnesian Wars ended with the defeat of ________. A) Athens B) Sparta C) Persia D) the Delian League Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9) Which of these was a large kingdom at the northern edge of Greece? A) Sparta B) Macedonia C) Thessaly D) Ionia Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 10) The actions of which of these men ended the Roman republic? A) Marius B) Tiberius Gracchus C) Julius Caesar D) Vergil Page Ref: 101 Topic: Patterns of Roman History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 13) Which of these was a powerful state originally established by Phoenicians? A) Carthage B) Crete C) Parthia D) Spain Page Ref: 101 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Patterns of Roman History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14) The Roman government was a ________. A) monarchy B) democracy C) republic D) oligarchy Page Ref: 101 Topic: Patterns of Roman History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15) A polis was a Greek ________. A) naval vessel B) sporting event C) city-state D) town council Page Ref: 103 Topic: Greek and Roman Political Institutions Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16) Which of these monopolized power in the Roman government? A) kings B) consuls C) tribunes D) Senate Page Ref: 105 Topic: Patterns of Roman History Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17) Which of these was a famous Roman senator? A) Diocletian B) Cicero C) Constantine D) Pericles Page Ref: 105, 107 Topic: Greek and Roman Political Institutions, Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18) Which of these was a Greek philosophy focusing on personal discipline? A) Stoicism B) Hellenism C) Zoroastrianism D) Judaism Page Ref: 107 Topic: Religion and Culture Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19) Which of these philosophers lived in Greece’s fifth-century classical period? A) Aristotle B) Plato C) Socrates D) Zeno Page Ref: 107 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20) The great Greek philosopher who tutored Alexander the Great, was ________. A) Plato B) Aristotle C) Socrates D) Xenocrate Page Ref: 107 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21) Which of these Hellenistic intellectuals was known for his work in geometry? A) Archimedes B) Euclid C) Pythagoras D) Ptolemy Page Ref: 108 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23) The author of the Odyssey was ________. A) Homer B) Aristotle C) Plato D) Sophocles Page Ref: 109 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Remember the Facts 25) Which of these were Spartan unfree laborers? A) ostrakas B) demos C) triremes D) helots Page Ref: 111 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Economy and Society in the Mediterranean Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26) Like Hammurabi, Cyrus the Great used ________ to bind his empire together. A) harsh rule B) a single currency C) a road system D) laws Page Ref: 97 Topic: The Persian Tradition Skill Level: Understand the Connections 28) Unlike earlier empires in the region, the Persian Empire ________. A) was centered in the Tigris and Euphrates valleys B) forged direct contact between south Asia and Africa C) included diverse peoples D) included both Egypt and Mesopotamia Page Ref: 98 Topic: The Persian Tradition Skill Level: Understand the Connections 30) In the context of Greek politics, Athens and Sparta represent ________. A) a troubled alliance B) democracy C) political diversity D) opposites Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 31) The Olympic Games are an example of ________. A) Greek rivalries B) Greek religious festivals C) a shared Greek culture D) collaboration among city-states Page Ref: 99-100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 32) Compared to usual relations among Greek city-states, the Peloponnesian Wars were ________. A) an amplification B) unprecedented C) typical D) unusual Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 33) Like the Qin Empire, Alexander’s rule was ________. A) known for its harshness B) ethnically very diverse C) short-lived but highly influential D) divided among three successors Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 34) Like many of the early Aryan states in south Asia, Rome was ________. A) a theocratic state B) a conquest state C) dominated by a priestly class D) a republic Page Ref: 101 Topic: Patterns of Roman History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 35) Hellenistic culture is best characterized as ________. A) a mixture of Greek and Persian culture B) Greek culture blending with many other traditions C) Greek philosophy blending with Zoroastrianism D) Babylonian science reinvigorated with Greek rationalism Page Ref: 101 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 36) A key factor in the thriving international commerce in the territories conquered by Alexander was ________. A) the power of Alexander’s successors B) the legacy of Persia C) a single ruler D) a common culture Page Ref: 101 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 37) From the period of Augustus onward, the Roman government ________. A) retained all of the processes of earlier Roman government B) was restructured, with most of its traditional structures being replaced C) was no longer a republic D) experienced very little change Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 101 Topic: Patterns of Roman History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 38) Which of these was signaled by the career of Julius Caesar? A) a return to republican traditions B) the ascendancy of the military in Roman politics C) the wealth that resulted from territorial expansion D) growing rural unrest Page Ref: 101 Topic: Patterns of Roman History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 39) Rome’s territorial expansion was done ________. A) almost entirely under one ruler B) under a single dynasty, to gain military recruits C) piecemeal, without a real expansionist policy D) slowly, primarily to gain agricultural land Page Ref: 101-102 Topic: Patterns of Roman History Skill Level: Understand the Connections 42) Which of these best characterizes Roman law in the context of Roman history? A) conservative B) elitist C) flexible D) inequitable Page Ref: 106 Topic: Greek and Roman Political Institutions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 43) Greek and Roman culture are best viewed as ________. A) sharing many features B) essentially distinct C) the same D) developing in isolation Page Ref: 107 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 45) The Iliad and the Odyssey played the same role in Greek culture as the _______ played in Aryan south Asia. A) Vedas B) Hindu gods C) brahmans D) Harappans Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 109 Topic: Religion and Culture Skill Level: Understand the Connections 46) Which of these had an important role in Greece and Persia, but not in contemporary China? A) merchants B) intellectuals C) military leaders D) bureaucrats Page Ref: 111 Topic: Economy and Society in the Mediterranean Skill Level: Understand the Connections 48) The political systems of classical Greece and Persia were ________. A) roughly similar B) based on the same principles C) nearly identical D) distinctly different Page Ref: 99 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Analyze the Past 49) Ultimately, rivalry between Sparta and Athens led to ________. A) both city-states growing stronger B) a period of cultural flowering C) Athenian dominance D) their defeat Page Ref: 100 Topic: Patterns of Greek History Skill Level: Analyze the Past 50) Social divisions in the Roman Empire, compared to south Asian castes, were ________. A) more simplistic and porous B) simple but more rigidly defined C) nonexistent D) more generally based on race Page Ref: 106 Topic: Greek and Roman Political Institutions Skill Level: Analyze the Past Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Chapter 6 The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of these became a Christian kingdom? A) Greece B) Ethiopia C) Egypt D) Libya Page Ref: 119 Topic: Beyond the Classical Civilizations Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3) The great urban center of central Mexico, which was the center of a large state, was ________. A) Chavín de Huantar B) Cahokia C) Tihuanaco D) Teotihuacan Page Ref: 123 Topic: Beyond the Classical Civilizations Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5) Which of these emerged after Chimu to dominate the Andean world? A) Incas B) Toltecs C) Tihuanaco D) Maya Page Ref: 125 Topic: Beyond the Classical Civilizations Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6) The Yellow Turbans were Chinese ________. A) scholar-gentry B) military leaders C) rebels D) merchants Page Ref: 126 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9) Harsha Vardharna is best known for what achievement? A) defeating the Huns B) founding the Gupta dynasty C) invading south Asia Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th D) driving the Huns from south Asia Page Ref: 128 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 10) The Rajput were ________ in south Asia. A) a ruling dynasty B) Hun invaders C) regional rulers D) vassals of the Guptas Page Ref: 128 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12) A new religion, ________, was introduced to south Asia after 600. A) Buddhism B) Hinduism C) Islam D) Zoroastrianism Page Ref: 129 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Remember the Facts 13) In the later Roman Empire, ________ recruits helped fill out the Roman army. A) Celtic B) Germanic C) Greek D) Egyptian Page Ref: 130 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14) Diocletian attempted to restore order in the Roman Empire through _________ reforms. A) social B) economic C) military D) agricultural Page Ref: 130 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15) A second Roman capital was established by ________. A) Diocletian B) Constantine C) Justinian Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th D) Alexius Page Ref: 130 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16) In the fifth century, western Europe was invaded by ________. A) Attila the Hun B) the Mongols C) the Celts D) Slavs Page Ref: 131 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17) The Byzantine Empire developed from the ________. A) the central portions of the Roman Empire B) Persian and Roman empires C) Alexander’s empire D) eastern half of the Roman Empire Page Ref: 132 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18) Augustine is best known as a ________. A) poet B) disciple of Christ C) theologian D) opponent of Christianity Page Ref: 132 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19) The Coptic Church was established in ________. A) Egypt B) Greece C) Ethiopia D) Spain Page Ref: 132-133 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20) Which of these describes Mahayana? A) the Chinese name for the Buddha B) Buddhist temples C) Buddhism outside of south Asia D) Chinese Buddhism Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Page Ref: 133 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Remember the Facts 22) Jesus of Nazareth was a ________. A) Roman orator B) Christian monk C) disciple of Christ D) Jewish teacher Page Ref: 134 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23) Which of these men was a Jewish rabbi who became a key promoter of Christianity? A) Diocletian B) Leo I C) Paul of Tarsus D) Saint Basil Page Ref: 134 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24) The head of the Christian church in Rome is the ________. A) patriarch B) pope C) bishop D) abbot Page Ref: 134 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Remember the Facts 25) The main topic of debate at the Council of Nicaea was ________. A) leadership of the Christian churches B) the location of Christ’s burial C) the structure of church rituals D) the nature of Christ Page Ref: 134-135 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26) Like many nomad groups, central Asian nomads played an important role, namely ________. A) defending civilizations B) stimulating cultural developments in sedentary cultures C) tying together isolated civilizations D) destabilizing civilizations Page Ref: 120-121 Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Topic: Beyond the Classical Civilizations Skill Level: Understand the Connections 28) Unlike the first great civilizations of Eurasia, the first civilization of Mesoamerica ________. A) lacked true urban centers B) was relatively crude C) was less dependent on agriculture D) was not a river valley civilization Page Ref: 123 Topic: Beyond the Classical Civilizations Skill Level: Understand the Connections 29) The pyramids of Teotihuacan played a similar role to ________. A) Egyptian pyramids B) the Forbidden City C) the Roman Forum D) Mesopotamian ziggurats Page Ref: 123 Topic: Beyond the Classical Civilizations Skill Level: Understand the Connections 30) The period that followed the Han dynasty was marked by disruptions ________. A) primarily in political life B) only China’s economy C) in every area of life D) confined to frontier areas Page Ref: 125 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 32) Which of these patterns was seen in Daoism following the arrival of Buddhism in China? A) religious renewal as a response to a newly introduced religion B) the merging of two religions to form a new faith C) a period of religious conflict ending in reconciliation D) a ruler’s attempts to construct a synthetic religion Page Ref: 126 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Understand the Connections Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 33) Which of these explains the success of the Huns in south Asia? A) superior military technology B) the violence of the Hun assault C) the influence of Buddhism D) political weakness in south Asia Page Ref: 128 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 34) Which of these correctly compares Alexander the Great and Harsha Vardharna? A) Both created empires stretching across the Middle East. B) Neither was able to defeat central Asian peoples. C) Both created empires that broke up soon after their deaths. D) Both invaded south Asia. Page Ref: 128 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 35) Which of these best characterizes south Asia under Rajput rule? A) strongly centralized B) politically fragmented C) a loose confederation D) immersed in civil war Page Ref: 128 Topic: Decline in China and India Skill Level: Understand the Connections 36) Concerning religious policy, Constantine’s rule represented a _______ Diocletian’s policies. A) faithful continuation of B) similar direction compared to C) rejection D) reversal of Page Ref: 130 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Understand the Connections 38) The impact of Attila the Hun on Europe can be characterized as ________. A) devastating B) minimal C) destabilizing D) beneficial Page Ref: 131 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Understand the Connections Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 39) The authors of the textbook argue that internal weakness must account for the fall of the Roman Empire because ________. A) Roman generals defected to the Germanic side in large numbers B) the Germanic peoples were not a serious military threat C) the Germans only began to move into the empire after the fall of Rome itself D) the Germanic peoples had no real desire to move into the empire Page Ref: 131-132 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Understand the Connections 40) Under the influence of ________, Mahayana differed from Buddhism in south Asia. A) Silk Road culture B) Chinese culture C) the Mongols D) Vietnamese monks Page Ref: 133 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 42) Which of these explains the institutional structure of Christianity, as compared to Buddhism? A) the message of Jesus B) the influence of Roman government C) the Jewish heritage D) the work of Paul of Tarsus Page Ref: 134 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 43) The title Christos given to Jesus was a sign that he was believed to have ________. A) died and been resurrected B) been born as a human C) a special relationship with God D) rejected Judaism Page Ref: 134 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 44) The organization of the Christian church mirrored ________ organization. A) traditional Jewish B) Hellenistic religious C) Greek urban D) Roman imperial Page Ref: 134 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Understand the Connections Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 46) Christianity fostered gender equality in ________. A) all aspects of life B) marriage C) economic matters D) religion Page Ref: 135 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Understand the Connections 49) A Buddhist analogy for the role of the pope in Christianity ________. A) does not exist B) is the bodhisattvas C) is the Buddha D) is Mahayana Buddhism Page Ref: 126,134 Topic: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Skill Level: Analyze the Past 50) Both the Buddha and Jesus appealed strongly to ________. A) intellectual elites B) the lower classes C) the religious establishment D) cultural elites Page Ref: 135 Topic: The Development and Spread of World Religions Skill Level: Analyze the Past Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Chapter 7 The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The bedouins of Arabia are ________. A) farmers B) town dwellers C) shifting cultivators D) pastoral nomads Page Ref: 159 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2) Which of these are the leaders of bedouin communities? A) umma B) zakat C) dhimmis D) shaykhs Page Ref: 161 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3) The most important Arabian city was ________. A) Mecca B) Quraysh C) Medina D) Riyadh Page Ref: 161 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5) The Ka’ba in Mecca was a ________. A) marketplace B) shrine C) administrative center D) mosque Page Ref: 161 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Remember the Facts 7) The prophet of Islam is________. A) Muhammad B) Allah Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th C) Abu Bakr D) Mu’awiya Page Ref: 163 Topic: The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8) The Qur’an is composed of ________. A) revelations given to Muhammad B) sayings of Muhammad collected in his lifetime C) Muhammad’s sayings collected after his death D) the codified principles of Islam Page Ref: 163 Topic: The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12) The caliphs of Islam are considered the ________ of Muhammad. A) family B) successors C) blood descendants D) guardians Page Ref: 166 Topic: The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Skill Level: Remember the Facts 13) The first caliph was ________. A) Abu Bakr B) Mu’awiya C) Abbas D) Uthman Page Ref: 166 Topic: The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16) Followers of Ali and his descendants are the ________. A) Sunnis B) Umayyads C) Shi’a D) Abbasids Page Ref: 169 Topic: The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17) The new capital founded by the Umayyads was at ________. Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th A) Baghdad B) Constantinople C) Persepolis D) Damascus Page Ref: 170 Topic: The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20) The Abbasid capital was established at ________. A) Mecca B) Cairo C) Baghdad D) Damascus Page Ref: 174 Topic: From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21 Which of these was the highest official of the Abbasid Empire? A) dhimmi B) zakat C) umma D) wazir Page Ref: 175 Topic: From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23) Minarets in mosques are used to ________. A) guard mosque interiors B) ornament mosques C) call Muslims to prayer D) oversee worship Page Ref: 176 Topic: From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Skill Level: Remember the Facts 25) The ayan were ________. A) religious leaders B) merchants C) prominent landowners D) urban leaders Page Ref: 179 Topic: From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Skill Level: Remember the Facts Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 26) Because of Arabian geography, towns in the peninsula were primarily located ________. A) in the south B) along the coasts C) near the Tigris and Euphrates valleys D) near the Persian Gulf Page Ref: 159 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Understand the Connections 27) The strongest tie among pre-Islamic Arab tribes was ________. A) commerce B) religion C) political D) cultural Page Ref: 160-161 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Understand the Connections 28) Warfare in Arabia prior to Muhammad can be characterized as ________. A) devastating B) virtually unknown C) occasional large-scale D) constant but low-level Page Ref: 161 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Understand the Connections 30) The role of women in pre-Islamic Arabia was typical of that seen in other ________ cultures. A) pagan B) monotheistic C) pastoral nomad D) Indo-European Page Ref: 162 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Understand the Connections 31) In pre-Islamic Arabia, the status of Allah is most comparable to what other religious figure? A) the Christian God B) Shiva C) bodhisattva D) the Buddha Page Ref: 162 Topic: Desert and Town: The Harsh Environment of the Pre-Islamic Arabian World Skill Level: Understand the Connections Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 33) The Qur’an is best thought of as ________. A) the sayings of Muhammad B) the teachings of Muhammad C) inspired by Allah D) the word of Allah Page Ref: 163 Topic: The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Skill Level: Understand the Connections 34) Muhammad first gained prominence as a public figure as a(n) ________. A) arbitrator in Medina B) trader in Mecca C) religious figure in Mecca D) commander in the Ridda Wars Page Ref: 164 Topic: The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Skill Level: Understand the Connections 35) Which of these can be said to have been overwhelmed by the umma created by Muhammad? A) tribal divisions B) the Shi’a-Sunni division C) the role of Mecca D) the Umayyads Page Ref: 164 Topic: The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Skill Level: Understand the Connections 36) Which of these represents Islam’s novel approach to other religions? A) placing Islam above all other religions B) giving some religions a special status as holding something close to the truth C) considering Islam as having the only legitimate path to Allah D) believing that Islam was available only to a single ethnicity Page Ref: 165 Topic: The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Skill Level: Understand the Connections 37) The five pillars were particularly powerful in creating the ________. A) Abbasid Empire B) Shi’a-Sunni division C) first Arab empire D) umma Page Ref: 166 Topic: The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Skill Level: Understand the Connections Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 40) The struggle between Uthman and Ali most reflected which of these? A) Shi’a-Sunni religious differences B) tribal rivalry C) ethnic hostility D) growing ideological differences Page Ref: 169 Topic: The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Skill Level: Understand the Connections 41) Initially, the Sunni-Shi’a split was primarily ________. A) religious B) territorial C) political D) ethnic Page Ref: 169 Topic: The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Skill Level: Understand the Connections 42) The battle at Karbala served to ________. A) divide Sunnis and Shi’a B) deepen the Shi’a-Sunni division C) consolidated Abbasid rule D) shift Islam to Persia, culturally Page Ref: 169 Topic: The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Skill Level: Understand the Connections 43) Which of these came to constitute a second-class group within Islam? A) mawali B) dhimmis C) Sunnis D) pagans Page Ref: 170 Topic: The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Skill Level: Understand the Connections 46) Under the Abbasids, the Muslim world became more ________. A) Shi’a B) closely tied to Mecca C) Persian D) commercial Page Ref: 174-175 Topic: From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Skill Level: Understand the Connections Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 47) What unique role did Muslims come to play in the history of the Middle East in the sixth to eleventh centuries? A) merchants B) Persian scholars C) monotheists D) preservers of classical learning Page Ref: 179 Topic: From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era Skill Level: Understand the Connections 48) Islam emerged in a religious context very similar to that of the rise of _________. A) Judaism B) Buddhism C) Zoroastrianism D) Daoism Page Ref: 163 Topic: The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Skill Level: Analyze the Past Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th Chapter 10 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The capital of the Byzantine Empire was at ________. A) Constantinople B) Athens C) Rome D) Corinth Page Ref: 225 Topic: Civilization in Eastern Europe Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2) Which of these technologies did the Byzantine Empire borrow from China? A) water mills B) silk production C) pottery D) paper making Page Ref: 226 Topic: Civilization in Eastern Europe Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3) The language of the Byzantine Empire was ________. A) Latin B) Persian C) Greek D) Arabic Page Ref: 227 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4) In the early Byzantine Empire, the greatest enemy to the east was the ________. A) Mongol Empire B) Umayyad Empire C) Seljuk Sultanate D) Sassanian Empire Page Ref: 227 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6) Hagia Sophia was the great ________ of Constantinople. A) palace B) church Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th C) port D) fortress Page Ref: 227 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 7) Belisarius is best known as a Byzantine ________. A) emperor B) religious figure C) military leader D) intellectual Page Ref: 228 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8) Which of these moved into the Balkans in the early Byzantine Empire, pushing against the empire’s northern border? A) Germans B) Mongols C) Slavs D) Greeks Page Ref: 228 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9) Greek fire is the name of a _________ used by the Byzantines. A) naval vessel B) weapon C) type of agriculture D) industrial technology Page Ref: 229 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11) The use of the term tsar in Bulgaria recalled what earlier empire? A) Alexander’s B) Roman C) Persian D) Hittite Page Ref: 230 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12) Byzantine icons usually represented ________. A) emperors Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th B) saints C) literary figures D) military commanders Page Ref: 231 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Remember the Facts 13) Which of these occurred in 1054? A) the beginning of Justinian’s reign B) the Arab victory over the Byzantine Empire C) the end of the Byzantine Empire D) the schism within the Christian church Page Ref: 231 Topic: The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14) The battle of Manzikert ended in a ________ victory. A) Byzantine B) Seljuk C) Arab D) Persian Page Ref: 233 Topic: The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15) Constantinople was finally captured in what century? A) sixteenth B) seventeenth C) fifteenth D) fourteenth Page Ref: 233 Topic: The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity Skill Level: Remember the Facts 16) In 1204, Constantinople was attacked by a Crusade led by ________. A) the French B) Richard the Lionheart C) Venetians D) Justinian Page Ref: 233 Topic: The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17) Cyril and Methodius were influential in creating ________. A) the Slavic alphabet B) a new kingdom in eastern Europe Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th C) a new Catholic church D) a Slavic empire Page Ref: 235 Topic: The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18) Which of these eastern European nations had the highest concentration of Jews in the Middle Ages? A) Bohemia B) Hungary C) Poland D) Lithuania Page Ref: 235 Topic: The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29) The history of Greek in the Byzantine Empire indicates that the language ________. A) had nearly died out B) had remained in use under Roman rule C) survived because of Christianity D) would be useful primarily for administration Page Ref: 227 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Understand the Connections 30) The reign of Justinian constituted a ________ of Roman rule. A) complete break from B) reorientation C) continuation D) rejection Page Ref: 227 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Understand the Connections 31) Justinian’s attempt to reunify the Roman Empire can be characterized as ________. A) partially successful but too costly B) a failure C) a complete success D) a disaster Page Ref: 228 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Understand the Connections 32) Justinian and his successors were successful in creating a ________. A) much larger empire B) copy of the Roman Empire Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th C) republic similar to the Roman republic D) strong core for Byzantine rule Page Ref: 230 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Understand the Connections 34) The rule of Empress Theodora was unusual because she ________. A) ruled through marriage B) was the daughter of a male ruler C) did not rule through a male relative D) wielded little power Page Ref: 230 Topic: The Byzantine Empire Skill Level: Understand the Connections 35) The schism of 1054 can be said to have _________ the division between the two halves of the former Roman Empire. A) begun B) solidified C) worsened D) healed Page Ref: 231 Topic: The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity Skill Level: Understand the Connections 36) The last centuries of the Byzantine Empire were marked by ________. A) a slow process of territorial loss B) a brilliant cultural revival C) stabilization and then an abrupt end D) internal weakness followed by conquest age Ref: 233 Topic: The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity Skill Level: Understand the Connections 38) The work of Cyril and Methodius served to _________ Byzantine influence in eastern Europe. A) end B) reject C) redouble D) initiate Page Ref: 235 Topic: The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe Skill Level: Understand the Connections Mid-Term Exam Review- 12th 39) Which of these best describes eastern Europe in terms of religion and ethnicity? A) Most of the region was Germanic. B) Most of the region was Catholic. C) The region was a complex patchwork. D) No pattern existed. Page Ref: 235 Topic: The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe Skill Level: Understand the Connections 45) The Mongol invasions had the impact of ________. A) pushing Russia closer to western Europe B) cutting Russia off from the rest of Christianity C) putting Russia in the Byzantine sphere of influence D) orienting Russia towards Rome Page Ref: 239 Topic: The Emergence of Kievan Rus’ Skill Level: Understand the Connections
