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14.1 What is Climate? SWBAT describe different types of climate data; recognize limits associated with the use of normals; explain why climate vary Climate: More Than Just Average Weather Climate Long-term weather patterns of an area Includes Average weather conditions Annual variations of temperature Annual variations of precipitation Annual variations of wind Annual variations of other weather variables Normals Meteorological records of an area are compiled for thousands of locations Daily high and low temperatures Amount of rainfall Wind speed and direction Humidity Air pressure Normals These are averaged on a monthly basis Normals Standard values for an area Based on the last 30 years of data What Causes Climate? There are many variables that affect climate Latitude Determines the amount of sunlight Tropics 23.5°N to 23.5°S Direct solar radiation Generally warm year round What Causes Climate? Latitude Temperate zones 23.5° - 66.5° N and S Moderate temperatures Polar zones 66.5° - 90° N and S Low angle of solar radiation Almost always cold What Causes Climate? Topographic Effects Different substances absorb heat at different rates Water heats and cools slower than land Coastal areas are warmer in winter and cooler in summer Temperature decreases with altitude Mountains are cooler than sea level What Causes Climate? Topographic Effects Mountains block wind side – cool and wet Leeward side – dry and warm Windward Deserts What Causes Climate? Air Masses Main cause of weather, but affect the climate too Take on the characteristics of the region they form over Turn to page 360 Title: Making and Using Tables Read the instructions together Go over table Create a line graph for the normal daily high and normal daily low temperatures Answer questions 1-4 in complete sentences In Groups Answer questions 1-5 on page 363 in complete sentences Turn in when complete If you don’t finish in class, finish for homework