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Chapter07: Religion
Multiple Choice
1. The former Soviet Union adopted _______________ as its official religious policy.
a) Orthodox Christianity
b) secular separation of church and state
c) atheism
d) official state Protestant church
2. Religion persists in regions of the former Soviet Union with Azerbaijan seeing the
continuation today of
a) Orthodox Christianity.
b) Roman Catholicism.
c) Shiite Islam.
d) Sunni Islam.
3. The Yellow River is to Chinese Philosophy as the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are to
_____________
a) Christianity.
b) Hinduism.
c) Confucianism.
d) Buddhism.
4. Ethnic strife in former Soviet regions reflects the legacy of the Soviet policy of
a) atheism.
b) divide-and-diminish.
c) multiculturalism.
d) secular neglect of religion.
5. Persuasion will not lead people to change the language they speak, but it can induce them to
a) profess adherence to a new faith.
b) abandon their culture.
c) abandon their economic activities.
d) move to a new region.
6. In the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the government in 1991 proclaimed that a condition for a
judge to be appointed to the country’s Islamic courts would be to wear
a) a turban.
b) a beard.
c) sandals.
d) a veil.
7. The belief that inanimate objects (e.g. trees, mountains, boulders) contain spirits is
a) atheism.
b) agnosticism.
c) agrarianism.
d) animism.
8. Zoroastrianism is similar to Islam and Christianity in that it is
a) a world religion.
b) monotheistic.
c) a missionary religion.
d) polytheistic.
9. Which of the following is not generally a characteristic of an ethnic religion?
a) found in a particular culture
b) always polytheistic
c) spatially concentrated
d) does not seek outside converts
10. The faith that is most widely dispersed over the world is
a) Christianity.
b) Islam.
c) shamanism.
d) Buddhism.
11. Islam is predominate in northern ___________, while traditional religions are predominate in
the south.
a) Iraq
b) Sudan
c) Malaysia
d) Egypt
12. The Hindu religion is one of the oldest of the great religions and may have begun ______
years ago.
a) 6,000
b) 4,000
c) 3,000
d) 1,500
13. Hinduism arose in the _____________ River valley.
a) Indus
b) Ganges
c) Brahmaputra
d) Krishna
14. One of the unique characteristics of Hinduism is that it
a) is so young.
b) is a very simple religion.
c) emerged without a prophet, book of scriptures, and without evolving a bureaucratic structure
comparable to those of the Christian religions.
d) has so few followers.
15. The fundamental doctrine of the Hindu faith is
a) karma.
b) monotheism.
c) a detailed book of scripture.
d) a violent ideology.
16. Sikhism is a small compromise religion that arose from the confrontation between Hinduism
and
a) Buddhism.
b) Islam.
c) Christianity.
d) British colonial officials.
17. The Indonesian island of Bali became a refuge for Hindu holy men, nobles and intellectuals
during the sixteenth century because
a) volcanic eruptions drove them out of neighboring islands.
b) droughts and famines swept India.
c) Buddhism engulfed neighboring Sumatra.
d) Islam engulfed neighboring Java.
18. Hinduism has not spread by expansion diffusion in modern times, but at one time it did
spread by relocation diffusion as a result of
a) the transportation of Indian workers abroad during the colonial period.
b) conquest by military groups.
c) forced relocation by Islamic invaders.
d) missionary activities overseas.
19. Buddhism has its source in
a) India.
b) Japan.
c) China.
d) Thailand.
20. The founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, who came to be known as the Buddha
(enlightened one) was perhaps the first prominent Indian religious leader to
a) reject the eating of meat.
b) acknowledge sacred animals, such as cattle.
c) speak out against the Hindu caste system.
d) accept Karma.
21. Buddhism thrives in all of the areas listed below except
a) Sri Lanka.
b) Nepal and Tibet.
c) Korea.
d) India.
22. Tibetan Buddhism is of the ___________ type.
a) Mahayana
b) Lamaism
c) Theravada
d) Zen
23. Geomancers, those who know the desires of the spirits of ancestors, dragons and tigers
occupying the natural world, are associated with
a) karma.
b) feng-shui.
c) Lamaism.
d) monotheism.
24. The teachings of Lao-Tsu form the tenants of
a) Confucianism.
b) Hinduism.
c) Taoism.
d) Islam.
25. The Confucian Classics were the 13 texts that were the focus of education for 2,000 years in
a) Japan.
b) Afghanistan.
c) China.
d) India.
26. Under Chinese communist rule (1949-present), Confucianism has
a) been returned to after the colonial period.
b) been used as the basis of an egalitarian Marxist civil service.
c) been banned and suppressed.
d) been limited to areas with non-Han minority populations.
27. The Jews of Central Europe are known as
a) Ashkenazim.
b) Sephardim.
c) Zionists.
d) Orthodox.
28. The concentration of religions in Switzerland is related to ____________ boundaries.
a) canton
b) river basin
c) ecozone
d) school district
29. By the year _______, Islam had diffused to the East Indies.
a) 600
b) 700
c) 800
d) 120
30. The diaspora of the Jews resulted from
a) Moses decision to leave Egypt.
b) the Arab-Israeli conflict.
c) the European holocaust of the Nazis.
d) the Roman destruction of Jerusalem.
31. The ideology of Zionism has as its goal
a) the merger of Judaism with other religions.
b) the merger of the three modern divisions of Judaism.
c) a homeland for the Jewish people.
d) the elimination of the Orthodox division within the faith.
32. The largest constituency of Christianity is
a) Protestant.
b) Eastern Orthodox.
c) Coptic.
d) Roman Catholicism.
33. The African country where a major cluster of Eastern Orthodox churches survive is
a) Nigeria.
b) Ethiopia.
c) Algeria.
d) Angola.
34. Roman Catholic Christianity was spread to Middle and South America by
a) England.
b) Spain.
c) Portugal.
d) Italy.
35. The youngest major religion is
a) Hinduism.
b) Judaism.
c) Islam.
d) Christianity.
36. Modern-day Shiah Islam dominates a region centered on
a) Pakistan.
b) Arabia.
c) Iran.
d) Indonesia.
37. The Hajj, one of the “pillars of Islam,” is
a) charitable giving.
b) fasting during the holy month.
c) the veil worn by Muslim women.
d) the pilgrimage to Mecca.
38. The world’s largest dominantly Islamic state is
a) Iran.
b) Pakistan.
c) Egypt.
d) Indonesia.
39. Shamanism is a traditional religion, and an intimate part of local culture and society. But not
all traditional religions are shamanist. In which of the following regions have both Christianity
and Islam failed to convert most of the people practicing a traditional religion?
a) Southwest Asia
b) Asia
c) Africa
d) South America
40. The rise of secularism and decline of religious membership are found in
a) Europe.
b) Africa.
c) Southwest Asia.
d) Southeast Asia.
41. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem marks the site of Christ’s
a) birth.
b) first miracle.
c) last supper.
d) tomb.
42. Jerusalem is a sacred place for
a) Jews.
b) Muslims.
c) Christians.
d) all of the above
43. Jerusalem is to Christians as ____________ is to Hindus.
a) Mumbai
b) Delhi
c) Varanasi
d) Tokyo
44. Buddhist pilgrimages to Bodh Gaya are focused on
a) the birthplace of Sidharta Gautama.
b) a Bhodi tree under which the Buddha taught.
c) a Shrine to Krishna.
d) the grave of the Buddha.
45. The pagoda is the style of building most often associated with
a) the Buddhist faith.
b) the Jain faith.
c) early Islam, prior to the mosque.
d) the Parsee faith.
46. The major religion in southern Louisiana is
a) Spanish Catholic.
b) French Catholic.
c) Lutheran.
d) Baptist.
47. Which of the following U.S. regional association is incorrect?
a) New England—Catholic
b) South—Baptist
c) Upper Midwest—Lutheran
d) Southwest—Mormon
48. Which is not a feature of Islamic sacred architecture?
a) Minarets
b) adoption of Roman models of design
c) Frescoes depicting the life of the prophet
d) geometric and calligraphic ornamentation
49. Which is an example of an intrafaith (boundary) conflict?
a) Israel—Palestine
b) Former Yugoslavia
c) Northern Ireland
d) Nigeria
50. The vote to partition Palestine was taken by
a) Israel.
b) the United Nations.
c) Britain.
d) the Ottoman Empire.
51. The revolution that destroyed the old order in Ethiopia created a new state on the African
map called _____________, dominantly Muslim and culturally distinct from the old empire of
which it had been a part.
a) Eritrea
b) Botswana
c) Sudan
d) Uganda
52. Which of the following Balkan association is incorrect?
a) Slovenian—Catholic
b) Croat—Orthodox
c) Serbian—Cyrilic alphabet
d) Montenegrans—Orthodox
53. In the former Yugoslavia, Albanians are the dominate ethnic group in _____________
a) Macedonia.
b) Slovenia.
c) Croatia.
d) Kosovo.
54. Northern Ireland, scene of Catholic-Protestant conflict, was partitioned by
a) the United Nations.
b) mutual agreement of the two conflicting parties.
c) the Catholic Church through a Papal Nuncio.
d) Britain.
55. Mel Gibson is a member of a movement which rejects
a) developments in Catholicism resulting from the Second Vatican Council.
b) the notion of the resurrection of Christ.
c) the use of Latin in the Mass.
d) movie-going as a sinful activity.
56. Rabbi Kahane and his followers are examples of
a) Christian converts.
b) peace activists.
c) Jewish extremists.
d) followers of the peaceful, syncretic Bahai faith.
57. Around the world there are more adherents to Islam than Hinduism.
58. In many less developed societies religion acts as a binding force.
59. Christianity is an example of a polytheistic religion.
60. Secularism is not a force in Roman Catholic countries.
61. Judaism is a globally dispersed religion.
62. In part, Buddhism was founded in opposition to the Hindu caste system.
63. Islam is the second oldest religion in the world.
64. Islamic architecture borrowed from the Romans to create a distinctive architectural style.
65. Ethnic cleansing is the term that came into use to describe the attempts to push Bosnian
Muslims from their homes and lands.
66. Hindu landscape features focused on water are associated with ritual bathing.
67. The growth of fundamentalist Islam can be seen in the spread of the adoption of Sharia law.
Essay
68. Secularism began to arise with the separation of church and state in Europe. Why was this
so? What effects has this had today in changes of the role of tradition and the choice of personal
lifestyles? In what way could it be argued that Islamic fundamentalism is a reaction against
liberal secularism?
69. Choose a world religion and discuss its place of origin, its modes and routes of spread, and
its current pattern of distribution.
70. Briefly discuss the differences between Sunni and Shiite Muslims. Discuss the pattern of
distribution of the two types of Islam and highlight examples of conflicts within national borders
and across borders.
71. Buddhism is today a fragmented religion. List some of its branches, their location, and their
basic beliefs.
72. Discuss the influence of religion in the cultural landscape. Give examples from a number of
faiths and regions.