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A Correlation of
World Civilizations
The Global Experience
6
th
Stearns
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©2011
to the
Advanced Placement
World History
Curriculum Framework
Key Concepts and Content Outline
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A Correlation of World Civilizations, 6th Edition, AP Edition, ©2011
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Table of Contents
Period 1 ................................................................................................................. 3
Period 2.................................................................................................................. 7
Period 3 ............................................................................................................... 13
Period 4 ............................................................................................................... 19
Period 5 ............................................................................................................... 25
Period 6 ............................................................................................................... 33
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Chapter 1
Advanced Placement World History
Key Concepts with Content Outline
Period 1
Technological and Environmental
Transformations, to c. 600 B.C.E.
Key Concept 1.1
Big Geography and the Peopling of the
Earth
2-19
I. Archeological evidence indicates that
during the Paleolithic era, hunting
foraging bands of humans gradually
migrated from their origin in East
Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the
Americas, adapting their technology
and cultures to new climate regions.
2-12
A. Humans used fire in new ways: to aid
hunting and foraging, to protect against
predators and to adapt to cold
environments.
8-9
B. Humans developed a wider range of tools
specially adapted to different environments
from tropics to tundra.
8-12
C. Economic structures focused on small
kinship groups of hunting-foraging bands
that could make what they needed to
survive. However, not all groups were selfsufficient; they exchanged people, ideas
and goods.
10-12
Key Concept 1.2
The Neolithic Revolution and Early
Agricultural Societies
2-7, 12-29
I. Beginning about 10,000 years ago,
the Neolithic Revolution led to the
development of new and more complex
economic and social systems.
12-14
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12-14, 16-19
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A. Possibly as a response to climatic
change, permanent agricultural villages
emerged first in the lands of the eastern
Mediterranean. Agriculture emerged at
different times in Mesopotamia, the Nile
River Valley and Sub-Saharan Africa, the
Indus River Valley, the Yellow River or
Huang He Valley, Papua New Guinea,
Mesoamerica and the Andes.
B. Pastoralism developed at various sites in
the grasslands of Afro-Eurasia.
12-14
C. Different crops or animals were
domesticated in the various core regions,
depending on available local flora and
fauna.
12-14, 16-19
D. Agricultural communities had to work
cooperatively to clear land and create the
water control systems needed for crop
production.
12-14, 16-19
E. These agricultural practices drastically
impacted environmental diversity.
Pastoralists also affected the environment
by grazing large numbers of animals on
fragile grasslands, leading to erosion when
overgrazed.
12-14
II. Agriculture and pastoralism began
to transform human societies.
2-7, 12-19, 25-26
A. Pastoralism and agriculture led to more
reliable and abundant food supplies, which
increased the population.
12-19
B. Surpluses of food and other goods led to
specialization of labor, including new
classes of artisans and warriors, and the
development of elites.
15-19
C. Technological innovations led to
improvements in agricultural production,
trade and transportation.
15-19, 25-26
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16-19
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D. In both pastoralist and agrarian
societies, elite groups accumulated wealth,
creating more hierarchical social structures
and promoting patriarchal forms of social
organization.
Key Concept 1.3
The Development and Interactions of
Early Agricultural, Pastoral and Urban
Societies
12-26, 32-33, 110-111
I. Core and foundational civilizations
developed in a variety of geographical
and environmental settings where
agriculture flourished.
12-26
A. Mesopotamia in the Tigris and Euphrates
River Valleys
19-21, 25-26
B. Egypt in the Nile River Valley
21-22, 25-26
C. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in the Indus
River Valley
22-23, 25-26
D. Shang in the Yellow River or Huang He
Valley
23-25, 25-26
E. Olmecs in Mesoamerica
110-111
F. Chavín in Andean South America
35, 36
II. The first states emerged within core
civilizations.
19-25
A. States were powerful new systems of
rule that mobilized surplus labor and
resources over large areas. Early states
were often led by a ruler whose source of
power was believed to be divine or had
divine support, and/or who was supported
by the military.
19-25
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19-25
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B. As states grew and competed for land
and resources, the more favorably situated
- including the Hittites, who had access to
iron - had greater access to resources,
produced more surplus food and
experienced growing populations. These
states were able to undertake territorial
expansion and conquer surrounding states.
C. Early regions of state expansion or
empire building were Mesopotamia,
Babylonia, and the Nile Valley.
19-22
D. Pastoralists were often the developers
and disseminators of new weapons and
modes of transportation that transformed
warfare in agrarian civilizations.
19-25, 32-33
III. Culture played a significant role in
unifying states through laws,
language, literature, religion, myths
and monumental art.
19-26
A. Early civilizations developed monumental
architecture and urban planning.
19-25
B. Elites, both political and religious,
promoted arts and artisanship.
19-25
C. Systems of record keeping arose
independently in all early civilizations and
subsequently were diffused.
19-25
D. States developed legal codes, including
the Code of Hammurabi that reflected
hierarchies and facilitated the rule of
governments over people.
E. New religious beliefs developed in this
period continued to have strong influences
in later periods.
● The Vedic religion
● Hebrew monotheism
● Zoroastrianism
19-25
19-25
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19-25
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F. Trade expanded throughout this period
from local to regional and transregional,
with civilizations exchanging goods, cultural
ideas, and technology.
● Between Egypt and Nubia
● Between Mesopotamia and the Indus
Valley
G. Social and gender hierarchies
intensified as states expanded and cities
multiplied.
19-25
H. Literature was also a reflection of
culture.
51, 63-64, 71-72, 93-94, 114, 169-170,
234, 283-285, 293-295, 541, 591, 790791, 813
Chapters 2-5
Period 2
Organization and Reorganization of
Human Societies, c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600
C.E.
Key Concept 2.1
The Development and Codification of
Religious and Cultural Traditions
28, 34-39, 40-41, 44-49, 50-56, 60-76, 9297, 118-124, 189-190
I. Codifications and further
developments of existing religious
traditions provided a bond among the
people and an ethical code to live by.
28, 60-64, 67-70, 72-75
A. The association of monotheism with
Judaism was further developed with the
codification of the Hebrew Scriptures, which
also reflected the influence of
Mesopotamian cultural and legal traditions.
The Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman
empires conquered various Jewish states at
different points in time. These conquests
contributed to the growth of Jewish
diasporic communities around the
Mediterranean and Middle East.
28
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B. The core beliefs outlined in the Sanskrit
scriptures formed the basis of the Vedic
religions — later known as Hinduism —
which contributed to the development of
the social and political roles of a caste
system and in the importance of multiple
manifestations of Brahma to promote
teachings about reincarnation.
II. New belief systems and cultural
traditions emerged and spread, often
asserting universal truths.
40-41, 45, 48-49, 50-56, 60-76, 92-95,
118-124
A. The core beliefs about desire, suffering,
and the search for enlightenment preached
by the historic Buddha and recorded by his
followers into sutras and other scriptures
were, in part, a reaction to the Vedic beliefs
and rituals dominant in South Asia.
Buddhism changed over time as it spread
throughout Asia - first through the support
of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, and then
through the efforts of missionaries and
merchants, and the establishment of
educational institutions to promote its core
teachings.
60-76, 118-120
B. Confucianism’s core beliefs and writings
originated in the writings and lessons of
Confucius and were elaborated by key
disciples who sought to promote social
harmony by outlining proper rituals and
social relationships for all people in China,
including the rulers.
40-41, 45, 48-49, 51-56, 118-120
C. In the major Daoist writings, the core
belief of balance between humans and
nature assumed that the Chinese political
system would be altered indirectly. Daoism
also influenced the development of Chinese
culture.
50-56, 118-120
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D. Christianity, based on core beliefs about
the teachings and divinity of Jesus of
Nazareth as recorded by his disciples, drew
on Judaism, and initially rejected Roman
and Hellenistic influences. Despite initial
Roman imperial hostility, Christianity
spread through the efforts of missionaries
and merchants through many parts of AfroEurasia, and eventually gained Roman
imperial support by the time of Emperor
Constantine.
E. The core ideas in Greco-Roman
philosophy and science emphasized logic,
empirical observation, and the nature of
political power and hierarchy.
92-95
III. Belief systems affected gender
roles Buddhism and Christianity
encouraged monastic life and
Confucianism Emphasized filial piety.
53-55
IV. Other religious and cultural
traditions continued parallel to the
codified, written belief systems in core
civilizations.
44, 48
A. Shamanism and animism continued to
shape the lives of people within and outside
of core civilizations because of their daily
reliance on the natural world.
44, 48
B. Ancestor veneration persisted in many
regions.
44, 48
V. Artistic expressions, including
literature and drama, architecture, and
sculpture, show distinctive cultural
developments.
60, 63-64, 68-69, 71-72, 92-97
A. Literature and drama acquired distinctive
forms that influenced artistic developments
in neighboring regions and in later time
periods
B. Distinctive architectural styles developed
in many regions in this period.
63-64, 68-69, 71-72, 92-97
60, 71-72, 94-95
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C. The convergence of Greco-Roman culture
and Buddhist beliefs affected the
development of unique sculptural
developments.
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70, 273
Key Concept 2.2
The Development of States and
Empires
40-57, 60-77, 80, 82-92, 95-98,
106-107, 112-118, 147, 245
I. The number and size of key states
and empires grew dramatically by
imposing political unity on areas where
previously there had been competing
states.
40-57, 60-77, 80, 82-92, 116-117, 147,
245
A. Southwest Asia: Persian Empires
83-84, 116-117, 147
B. East Asia: Qin and Han dynasties
40-57
C. South Asia: Maurya and Gupta Empires
60-77
D. Mediterranean region: Phoenicia and its
colonies, Greek city-states and colonies,
and Hellenistic and Roman Empires
27, 80, 82-92
E. Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya citystates
11, 245
F. Andean South America: Moche
35, 37
II. Empires and states developed new
techniques of imperial administration
based, in part, on the success of earlier
political forms.
42-49, 65-67, 80, 82-92, 106-107, 112118
A. In order to organize their subjects, the
rulers created administrative institutions in
many regions.
● Centralized governments
● Elaborate legal systems and
bureaucracies
42-49, 65-67, 80, 82-92, 106-107
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B. Imperial governments projected military
power over larger areas using a variety of
techniques.
● Diplomacy
● Developing supply lines
● Building fortifications, defensive walls, and
roads
● Drawing new groups of military officers
and soldiers from the local populations or
conquered peoples
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42-48, 65-67, 82-92, 112-118
C. Much of the success of the empires
rested on their promotion of trade and
economic integration by building and
maintaining roads and issuing currencies.
42-48, 66-67, 82-92
III. Unique social and economic
dimensions developed in imperial
societies in Afro-Eurasia and the
Americas.
41-55, 60-77, 82-92, 95-98, 106-107
A. Cities served as centers of trade, public
performance of religious rituals, and
political administration for states and
empires.
41-55, 82-92, 95-96
B. The social structures of all empires
displayed hierarchies that included
cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans,
merchants, elites and caste groups.
41-55, 88, 95-98, 106-107
C. Imperial societies relied on a range of
methods to maintain the production of food
and provide rewards for the loyalty of the
elites.
41-55, 88, 95-98
D. Patriarchy continued to shape gender
and family relations in all imperial societies
of this period.
52-53, 88, 98
IV. The Roman, Han, Persian, Maurya
and Gupta empires created political,
cultural and administrative difficulties
that they could not manage, which
eventually led to their decline, collapse
and transformation into successor
empires or states.
40-57, 60-77, 84-92, 112-118
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A. Through excessive mobilization of
resources, imperial governments caused
environmental damage and generated
social tensions and economic difficulties by
concentrating too much wealth in the hands
of elites.
B. External problems resulted from security
issues along their frontiers, including the
threat of invasions.
44-45, 66, 86-88, 112-118
Key Concept 2.3
Emergence of Transregional Networks
of Communication and Exchange
54-57, 63, 65, 70-73, 76-77, 82-84, 88,
96-100, 104, 107-109, 118-124, 128-129,
189-190
I. Land and water routes became the
basis for transregional trade,
communication and exchange networks
in the Eastern Hemisphere.
54-57, 73, 76-77, 96-99, 104, 107-109,
189-190
A. Many factors, including the climate and
location of the routes, the typical trade
goods, and the ethnicity of people involved,
shaped the distinctive features of a variety
of trade routes.
57, 73, 76-77, 83, 108-109
B. Eurasian Silk Roads
54-57, 108-109
C. Trans-Saharan caravan routes
108-109, 189-190
D. Indian Ocean sea lanes
73, 76-77
E. Mediterranean sea lanes
96-98, 104
II. New technologies facilitated longdistance communication and exchange.
54, 63, 73, 96-99, 107-109
A. New technologies permitted the use of
domesticated pack animals to transport
goods across longer routes.
54, 107-109
B. Innovations in maritime technologies as
well as advanced knowledge of the
monsoon winds, stimulated exchanges
along maritime routes from East Africa to
East Asia.
63, 73, 96-99
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III. Alongside the trade in goods, the
exchange of people, technology,
religious and cultural beliefs, food
crops, domesticated animals, and
disease pathogens developed across
far-flung networks of communication
and exchange.
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57, 65, 70-73, 76-77, 82-84, 88, 96-100,
104, 108-109, 118-124, 128-129
A. The spread of crops, including rice and
cotton from South Asia to the Middle East,
encouraged changes in farming and
irrigation techniques.
72-73, 108-109
B. The spread of disease pathogens
diminished urban populations and
contributed to the decline of some empires.
57, 108-109
C. Religious and cultural traditions were
transformed as they spread.
● Christianity
● Hinduism
● Buddhism
57, 65, 70-71, 73, 76-77, 82-84, 88, 96100, 104, 118-124, 128-129
Period 3
Regional and Transregional
Interactions, c. 600 C.E. to c. 1450
Chapters 6-15
Key Concept 3.1
Expansion and Intensification of
Communication and Exchange
Networks
71-72, 108-109, 112, 118-120, 130-135,
137-138, 140-141, 154-181, 180-181, 184203, 215-217, 234-239, 244-248, 271-274,
276-280, 290-312, 314-334, 342-343, 345348, 383, 480-481
I. Improved transportation
technologies and commercial practices
led to an increased volume of trade,
and expanded the geographical range
of existing and newly active trade
networks.
130-135, 140-141, 154-159, 180-181, 189196, 215-217, 234-238, 244-248, 278-280,
290-312, 314-334, 342-343, 345-346, 495
A. Existing trade routes flourished and
promoted the growth of powerful new
trading cities.
● The Silk Roads
● The Mediterranean Sea
● The Trans-Saharan
● The Indian Ocean basins
130-135, 140-141, 154-159, 191-196, 215,
244-248, 495
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B. New trade routes centering on
Mesoamerica and the Andes developed.
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262-263
C. The growth of interregional trade in
luxury goods was encouraged by significant
innovations in previously existing
transportation and commercial
technologies, including more sophisticated
caravan organization; use of the compass,
astrolabe and larger ship designs in sea
travel; and new forms of credit and
monetization.
130-135, 155-159, 234-238, 342-343, 345346
D. Commercial growth was also facilitated
by state practices, trading organizations,
and new state-sponsored commercial
infrastructures like the Grand Canal in
China.
234-238, 278-280
E. The expansion of empires facilitated
Trans-Eurasian trade and communication as
new peoples were drawn into their
conquerors’ economies and trade networks.
● China
● The Byzantine Empire
● The Caliphates
● The Mongols
155-159, 180-181, 189-190, 215-217, 290312, 314-334
II. The movement of peoples caused
environmental and linguistic effects.
112, 137-138, 160-172, 195-197, 200-201,
215, 234-238, 278-280, 316-319, 347-348
A. The expansion and intensification of
long-distance trade routes often depended
on environmental knowledge and
technological adaptions to it.
137-138, 215, 234-238, 278-280, 316-319
B. Some migrations had a significant
environmental impact.
● The migration of the agricultural Bantuspeaking peoples who facilitated
transmission of iron technologies and
agricultural techniques in Sub-Saharan
Africa
● The maritime migrations of the Polynesian
peoples who cultivated transplanted foods
and domesticated animals as they moved to
new islands.
112, 195-196, 200-201, 347-348
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C. Some migrations and commercial
contacts led to the diffusion of languages
throughout a new region or the emergence
of new languages.
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160-172, 195-197, 200-201
III. Cross-cultural exchanges were
fostered by the intensification of
existing, or the creation of new,
networks of trade and communication.
71-72, 108-109, 118-120, 130-135, 155159, 168-181, 184-203, 245-247, 271-274,
276-277, 290-312, 320-321, 325-329, 383,
480-481
A. Islam, based on the revelations of the
prophet Muhammad, developed in the
Arabian peninsula. The beliefs and practices
of Islam reflected interactions among Jews,
Christians, and Zoroastrians with the local
Arabian peoples. Muslim rule expanded to
many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military
expansion, and Islam subsequently
expanded through the activities of
merchants and missionaries.
130-135, 145-153, 154-161, 162-182
B. In key places along important trade
routes, merchants set up diasporic
communities where they introduced their
own cultural traditions into the indigenous
culture.
108-109, 155-159, 180-181, 320-321, 325
C. The writings of certain interregional
travelers illustrate both the extent and the
limitations of intercultural knowledge and
understanding.
190, 320, 328-329
D. Increased cross-cultural interactions
resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic
and cultural traditions.
118-120, 130-135, 159, 168-180, 184-203,
245-247, 271-274, 276-277, 290-312, 326332
E. Increased cross-cultural interactions also
resulted in the diffusion of scientific and
technological traditions.
71-72, 130-135, 159, 174-175, 383, 480481
IV. There was continued diffusion of
crops and pathogens throughout the
Eastern Hemisphere along the trade
routes.
109, 238-239, 321, 342
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A. New foods and agricultural techniques
were adopted in populated areas.
B. The spread of epidemic diseases,
including the Black Death, followed the wellestablished paths of trade and military
conquest.
109, 238-239, 321, 342
Key Concept 3.2
Continuity and Innovation of State Forms
and Their Interactions
110, 115-116, 137-142, 145-182, 185-187,
198-200, 205-213, 221-225, 229-230, 245248, 254-261, 266-286, 290-312, 314-333,
418-419
110, 115-116, 137-142, 145-182, 185-187,
198-200, 205-213, 221-225, 245-248, 254261, 266-286, 290-312, 314-333, 418-419
I. Empires collapsed and were
reconstituted; in some regions new
state forms emerged.
A. Following the collapse of empires, most
reconstituted governments, including the
Byzantine Empire and the Chinese dynasties
- Sui, Tang and Song -combined traditional
sources of power and legitimacy with
innovations better suited to the current
circumstances.
115-116, 205-213, 266-286
B. In some places, new forms of governance 145-182, 185-187, 198-200, 221-225, 295emerged, including those developed in
299, 307-309, 314-333, 418-419
various Islamic states, the Mongol Khanates
and city-states, and decentralized
government (feudalism) in Europe and Japan.
C. Some states synthesized local and
borrowed traditions.
110, 137-142, 147-148, 290-312
D. In the Americas, as in Afro-Eurasia, state
systems expanded in scope and reach:
Networks of city-states flourished in the
Maya region and, at the end of this period,
imperial systems were created by the
Mexica (“Aztecs”) and Inca.
245-248, 254-261
II. Interregional contacts and conflicts
between states and empires
encouraged significant technological
and cultural transfers.
● Between Tang China and the Abbasids
● Across the Mongol empires
● During the Crusades
167-182, 229-230, 320-322, 326-332
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150-159, 166, 189, 197-198, 220-227,
234-238, 250-257, 260, 263, 266-270,
277-281, 291-299, 308-309, 314-331, 338,
340-347, 432-433
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Key Concept 3.3
Increased Economic Productive
Capacity and Its Consequences
I. Innovations stimulated agricultural
and industrial production in many
regions.
155-159, 189, 197-198, 220-221, 250-251,
260, 263, 278-281, 342-343, 432-433
A. Agricultural production increased
significantly due to technological
innovations.
B. In response to increasing demand in
Afro-Eurasia for foreign luxury goods, crops
were transported from their indigenous
homelands to equivalent climates in other
regions.
C. Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and
merchants also expanded their production
of textiles and porcelains for export;
industrial production of iron and steel
expanded in China.
189, 220-221, 250-251, 260, 263, 280-281
II. The fate of cities varied greatly,
with periods of significant decline, and
with periods of increased urbanization
buoyed by rising productivity and
expanding trade networks.
154-155, 220-221, 225-226, 234-238, 266270, 277-278, 314-331, 340-345
342-343, 432-433
155-159, 197-198, 278-280
A. Multiple factors contributed to declines of 220-221, 266-270, 277-278, 314-331, 340urban areas in this period.
342
● Invasions
● Disease
● The decline of agricultural productivity
● The Little Ice Age
B. Multiple factors that contributed to
urban revival.
● The end of invasions
● The availability of safe and reliable
transport
● The rise of commerce and the warmer
temperatures between 800 and 1300
● Increased agricultural productivity and
subsequent rising population
● Greater availability of labor also
contributed to urban growth
225-226, 234-238, 266-270, 340-345
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Advanced Placement World History Concepts and Content Outline
World Civilizations
AP Edition, 6th Edition, ©2011
Page References
154-155, 340-345
Advanced Placement World History
Key Concepts with Content Outline
C. While cities in general continued to play
the roles they had played in the past as
governmental, religious and commercial
centers, many older cities declined at the
same time that numerous new cities took
on these established roles.
III. Despite significant continuities in
social structures and in methods of
production, there were also some
important changes in labor
management and in the effect of
religious conversion on gender
relations and family life.
150-153, 166, 220-227, 234-238, 251-257,
291-299, 308-309, 326-331, 338, 340,
346-347
A. As in the previous period, there were
many forms of labor organization.
● Free peasant agriculture
● Nomadic pastoralism
● Craft production and guild organization
● Various forms of coerced and unfree labor
● Government-imposed labor taxes
● Military obligations
220-227, 291-299, 328-331, 338
B. As in the previous period, social
structures were shaped largely by class and
caste hierarchies. Patriarchy persisted;
however, in some areas, women exercised
more power and influence, most notably
among the Mongols and in West Africa,
Japan and Southeast Asia.
150-153, 234-238, 251-257, 291-299, 308309, 326-329, 338
C. New forms of coerced labor appeared,
including serfdom in Europe and Japan and
the elaboration of the mit’a in the Inca
Empire. Free peasants resisted attempts to
raise dues and taxes by staging revolts. The
demand for slaves for both military and
domestic purposes increased, particularly in
central Eurasia, parts of Africa and the
eastern Mediterranean.
Teach one illustrative example of regions
where free peasants revolted.
● China
● The Byzantine Empire
220-227, 291-299, 338, 340, 346-347
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D. The diffusion of Buddhism, Christianity,
Islam and Neo-Confucianism often led to
significant changes in gender relations and
family structure.
World Civilizations
AP Edition, 6th Edition, ©2011
Page References
150-153, 166, 326-329
Period 4
Global Interactions, c. 1450 to c. 1750
Chapters 16-22
Key Concept 4.1
Globalizing Networks of
Communication and Exchange
118-120, 184-202, 339-340, 343-348, 354378, 380-390, 394-396, 430-433, 444-446,
456-457, 460-465, 468-492, 506-511
I. In the context of the new global
circulation of goods, there was an
intensification of all existing regional
trade networks that brought prosperity
and economic disruption to the
merchants and governments in the
trading regions of the Indian Ocean,
Mediterranean, Sahara and overland
Eurasia.
354-378
II. European technological
developments in cartography and
navigation built on previous knowledge
developed in the classical, Islamic and
Asian worlds, and included the
production of new tools, innovations in
ship designs, and an improved
understanding of global wind and
currents patterns - all of which made
transoceanic travel and trade possible.
345-346, 360-366
III. Remarkable new transoceanic
maritime reconnaissance occurred in
this period.
339-340, 345-348, 362-366, 507-511
A. Official Chinese maritime activity
expanded into the Indian Ocean region with
the naval voyages led by Ming Admiral
Zheng He, which enhanced Chinese
prestige.
339-340, 507-511
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Page References
345-346, 362-364
Advanced Placement World History
Key Concepts with Content Outline
B. Portuguese development of a school for
navigation led to increased travel to and
trade with West Africa, and resulted in the
construction of a global trading-post
empire.
C. Spanish sponsorship of the first
Columbian and subsequent voyages across
the Atlantic and Pacific dramatically
increased European interest in transoceanic
travel and trade.
362-364
D. Northern Atlantic crossings for fishing
and settlements continued and spurred
European searches for multiple routes to
Asia.
345-346, 362-366
E. In Oceania and Polynesia, established
exchange and communication networks
were not dramatically affected because of
infrequent European reconnaissance in the
Pacific Ocean.
346-348
IV. The new global circulation of goods
was facilitated by royal chartered
European monopoly companies that
took silver from Spanish colonies in the
Americas to purchase Asian goods for
the Atlantic markets, but regional
markets continued to flourish in AfroEurasia by using established
commercial practices and new
transoceanic shipping services
developed by European merchants.
366-377
A. European merchants’ role in Asian trade
was characterized mostly by transporting
goods from one Asian country to another
market in Asia or the Indian Ocean region.
366-371
B. Commercialization and the creation of a
global economy were intimately connected
to new global circulation of silver from the
Americas.
366-371
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C. Influenced by mercantilism, joint-stock
companies were new methods used by
European rulers to control their domestic
and colonial economies and by European
merchants to compete against one another
in global trade.
World Civilizations
AP Edition, 6th Edition, ©2011
Page References
371-377
D. The Atlantic system involved the
movement of goods, wealth, and free and
unfree laborers, and the mixing of African,
American and European cultures and
peoples.
366-377
V. The new connections between the
Eastern and Western hemispheres
resulted in the Columbian Exchange.
367, 369, 506-507
A. European colonization of the Americas
led to the spread of diseases - including
smallpox, measles or influenza - that were
endemic in the Eastern Hemisphere among
Amerindian populations and the
unintentional transfer of vermin, including
mosquitoes and rats.
367
B. American foods became staple crops in
various parts of Europe, Asia and Africa.
Cash crops were grown primarily on
plantations with coerced labor and were
exported mostly to Europe and the Middle
East in this period.
367, 369, 506-507
C. Afro-Eurasian fruit trees, grains, sugar
and domesticated animals were brought by
Europeans to the Americas, while other
foods were brought by African slaves.
367
D. Populations in Afro-Eurasia benefitted
nutritionally from the increased diversity of
American food crops.
367, 506-507
E. European colonization and the
introduction of European agriculture and
settlements practices in the Americas often
affected the physical environment through
deforestation and soil depletion.
Related content: 261-262
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Advanced Placement World History Concepts and Content Outline
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VI. The increase in interactions
between newly connected hemispheres
and intensification of connections
within hemispheres expanded the
spread and reform of existing religions
and created syncretic belief systems
and practices.
World Civilizations
AP Edition, 6th Edition, ©2011
Page References
118-120, 184-202, 383-390, 430-433, 444446, 456-457, 460-465, 468-492
A. As Islam spread to new settings in AfroEurasia, believers adapted it to local
cultural practices. The split between the
Sunni and Shi’a traditions of Islam
intensified, and Sufi practices became more
widespread.
184-202, 444-446, 456-457, 468-492
B. The practice of Christianity continued to
spread throughout the world and was
increasingly diversified by the process of
diffusion and the Reformation.
383-390
C. Buddhism spread within Asia.
118-120
D. Syncretic and new forms of religion
developed.
430-433, 460-465, 485-486
VII. As merchants’ profits increased
and governments collected more taxes,
funding for the visual and performing
arts, even for popular audiences,
increased.
190-192, 343-345, 380-383, 394-396, 487489, 507
A. Innovations in visual and performing arts
were seen all over the world.
343-345, 380-383, 487-489, 507
B. Literacy expanded and was accompanied
by the proliferation of popular authors,
literary forms in Europe and Asia and works
of literature in Afro-Eurasia.
190-192, 380-383, 394-396, 507
Key Concept 4.2
New Forms of Social Organization and
Modes of Production
358-359, 369, 375, 386-387, 391-397,
402-403, 406-412, 418-440, 444-465, 472473, 475-477, 479-486, 489-491, 503-507,
509-514, 613-621
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A Correlation of World Civilizations, 6th Edition, AP Edition, ©2011
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Advanced Placement World History Concepts and Content Outline
World Civilizations
AP Edition, 6th Edition, ©2011
Page References
358-359, 369, 386-387, 396-397, 402-403,
410-412, 418-428, 431-433, 444-457, 460465, 506-507
Advanced Placement World History
Key Concepts with Content Outline
I. Traditional peasant agriculture
increased and changed, plantations
expanded, and demand for labor
increased. These changes both fed and
responded to growing global demand
for raw materials and finished
products.
A. Peasant labor intensified in many
regions.
358-359, 369, 386-387, 396-397, 402-403,
410-412, 506-507
B. Slavery in Africa continued both the
traditional incorporation of slaves into
households and the export of slaves to the
Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean.
444-457
C. The growth of the plantation economy
increased the demand for slaves in the
Americas.
369, 444-457
D. Colonial economies in the Americas
depended on a range of coerced labor.
369, 418-428, 431-433, 446-454, 460-465
II. As new social and political elites
changed, they also restructured new
ethnic, racial and gender hierarchies.
375, 391-396, 406-410, 424-440, 449-463,
472-473, 475-477, 479-486, 489-491, 503506, 509-514, 613-621
A. Both imperial conquests and widening
global economic opportunities contributed to
the formation of new political and economic
elites.
387-389, 424-440, 449-463, 472-473, 479486, 503-506, 613-621
B. The power of existing political and
economic elites fluctuated as they
confronted new challenges to their ability to
affect the policies of the increasingly
powerful monarchs and leaders.
391-393, 406-410, 424-440, 449-463,
475-477, 480-486, 490-491, 503-506,
509-514, 613-621
C. Some notable gender and family
restructuring occurred, including the
demographic changes in Africa that resulted
from the slave trades.
375, 394-396, 406-408, 449-463, 486,
489-490, 503-506
D. The massive demographic changes in the
Americas resulted in new ethnic and racial
classifications.
424-440, 460-463
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