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Download Beginnings - Northside Middle School
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Beginnings Abi, Daniel, Sam Themes of the Unit Pre Neolithic Revolution ❖ Hunting and Gathering - Nomadic ❖ Migration ❖ Cultural Diffusion Neolithic Revolution ❖ Herding and Planting ❖ Villages and Cities ❖ Job Specialization and New Technology ❖ Villages became Civilizations Themes of the Unit River Valley Civilizations ❖ Rivers ➢ Fertile Soil ➢ Irrigation ➢ Transportation ➢ Fishing ❖ Egypt ➢ Nile ➢ Hieroglyphics Themes of the Unit ❖ Mesopotamia ➢ Tigris and Euphrates ➢ Cuneiform ➢ Hammurabi’s Code ❖ Indus River Valley ➢ Indus River ➢ Mohenjo Daro and Harappa ❖ China ➢ Huang He ➢ Middle Kingdom Key Figures Mesopotamia ❖ Hammurabi ❖ Sargon Egypt ❖ Hatshepsut ❖ Thutmose III ❖ Ramses II Political Systems Pre Neolithic Revolution ❖ No Organized Government ❖ Nomadic Groups During the Revolution ❖ Emergence of Cities ❖ Birth of Trade ❖ Basic Barter Economy ❖ Hierarchical Society ❖ Caste System Political Systems Egypt ❖ United under one Pharoah ❖ Centralized Government Mesopotamia City States ❖ Followed Hammurabi’s Code Political Systems China ❖ Network of walled towns ❖ Bureaucracy Indus River Valley ❖ City States Geography and Environment Mesopotamia ❖ Around Middle East ❖ Fertile crescent between Tigris and Euphrates River Egypt ❖ Situated on the Nile River ❖ Desert Climate ❖ North Africa Geography and Environment China ❖ Yellow River ❖ Mountainous ❖ Isolated ❖ Believed they were the center of life Indus River Valley ❖ Modern Day India ❖ Mountains around civilization ❖ On the Indus River Predominant Beliefs Mesopotamia ❖ Worshipped at ziggurats ❖ Gods lived everyday people's lives Egypt ❖ Pharaoh was seen as God ❖ Ra is the Sun God ❖ Believed in Afterlife ❖ Worshipped Cats Predominant Beliefs Indus ❖ Polytheistic ❖ Believe in mother goddess ➢ Created World ❖ Worshipped certain sacred animals ➢ Buffalo ➢ Bull China ❖ Polytheistic ❖ Nature Spirits ❖ Chief among them was the Supreme God - Shang Di Economic Development Impact Mesopotamia ❖ Traded with Egyptians ❖ Cultural Diffusion Egypt ❖ Traded with Mesopotamia, Africa, Indus, and Crête ❖ Used Nile River as trade route ❖ Cultural Diffusion Economic Development Impact Indus ❖ Traded with Egypt ❖ Planned Cities China ❖ No Trade ❖ No contact with other cultures Major Intellectual Achievements ❖ Farming ❖ New Tools ❖ Writing Systems ➢ Cuneiform ➢ Hieroglyphics ❖ Organized Government ➢ Hammurabi’s Code ❖ Irrigation Systems ❖ Fishing Social Structure ❖ Men Hunted ❖ Women gathered berries and nuts (etc.) ❖ Civilizations and Cities had leaders ➢ Pharoah ➢ King ➢ Emperor
