Download Chapter 4-Connective,Muscular and Nervous Tissue

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by Vince Austin,
Bluegrass Technical
and Community College
CHAPTER
Elaine N. Marieb
Katja Hoehn
Human
Anatomy
& Physiology
SEVENTH EDITION
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
4
PART C
Tissue: The
Living Fabric
Connective Tissue

Most abundant

Found everywhere

Functions to
a.
Bind and support
b.
Protect
c.
Insulate
d.
transport
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Types of Connective Tissue
1.

Proper – everything except blood, bone, and
cartilage - loose: loose arrangement of fibers
Includes: areolar which supports, binds, holds
fluids and forms subcutaneous layer
Adipose (fat cells) – serves as insulation, shock
absorption, energy storage
White fat stores nutrients
Brown fat contain mitochondria that heat the
bloodstream
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Connective Tissue Proper - Dense

Regular – collagen fibers parallel to
the pull
Provides flexibility
Forms tendons, fascia, ligaments
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Dense - Irregular

Collagen fibers parallel but thicker
than regular

Found in dermis, joint capsules,
and coverings of bones, cartilages,
and nerves
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Cartilage

Hyaline – covers ends of bones, tip of nose,
connects ribs to sternum, supports respiratory
passages
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Connective Tissue: Hyaline Cartilage
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Figure 4.9f
Cartilage - Elastic

External ear, epiglottis

Strength and stretchability
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Connective Tissue: Elastic Cartilage
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Figure 4.9g
Cartilage - Fibrocartilage

Compressible

Resists tension

Heavy support

Intervertebral discs

Spongy cartilages of knee
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Connective Tissue: Fibrocartilage Cartilage
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Figure 4.9h
Bone (Osseous Tissue)

Ability to support

Provide cavities for fat storage

Synthesis of blood cells

Contains calcium salts
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Connective Tissue: Bone (Osseous Tissue)
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Figure 4.9i
Blood

Does not CONNECT things

Develops from same original embryonic
tissue (mesenchyme) as other connective
tissue

Consists of cells and plasma

Functions to transport nutrients, wastes,
gases
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Connective Tissue: Blood
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Figure 4.9j
Nervous Tissue

Branched neurons with long cellular processes and
support cells

Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors
to effectors

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral
nerves

Neuroglia – support cells
PLAY
InterActive Physiology ®:
Nervous System I: Anatomy Review
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Nervous Tissue
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Figure 4.10
Muscle Tissue: Skeletal

Long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious
striations

Initiates and controls voluntary movement

Found in skeletal muscles that attach to bones or
skin
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
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Muscle Tissue: Skeletal
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Figure 4.11a
Muscle Tissue: Cardiac
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Figure 4.11b
Muscle Tissue: Smooth
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Figure 4.11c
Tissue Trauma

Causes inflammation, characterized by:

Dilation of blood vessels

Increase in vessel permeability

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain
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Epithelial Membranes:Cutaneous Membrane

Cutaneous – skin
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Figure 4.12a
Epithelial Membranes: Mucous Membrane


Mucous – lines
body cavities open
to the exterior
(e.g., digestive and
respiratory tracts)
Serous – moist
membranes found
in closed ventral
body cavity
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Figure 4.12b
Epithelial Membranes: Serous Membranes
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Figure 4.12c
Developmental Aspects


Primary germ layers: ectoderm,
mesoderm, and endoderm

Three layers of cells formed early in
embryonic development

Specialize to form the four primary
tissues
Nerve tissue arises from ectoderm
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Developmental Aspects

Muscle, connective tissue,
endothelium, and mesothelium arise
from mesoderm

Most mucosae arise from endoderm

Epithelial tissues arise from all three
germ layers
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Developmental Aspects
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Figure 4.14