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#15 } in a series Investment in research saves lives and money facts about: Infectious Diseases Today: :: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than two million Americans develop antibiotic^ resistant infections each year, resulting in 23,000 deaths. :: As of March 2015, over 24,700 individuals have been infected “If you think research is expensive, try disease.” - Mary Lasker 1901-1994 The Cost: :: Infectious diseases were associated with an economic burden of over $120 billion in the U.S. in 2014. * :: Antibiotic resistant infections cost Americans $20 billion in direct * medical costs and $35 billion in lost productivity in 2014. with the Ebola virus globally, and nearly half of this population ‡ :: In 2014, researchers estimated that seasonal flu cost Americans $10.4 has died. billion in direct medical costs and $76.7 million in indirect costs. :: 10,000 Americans were diagnosed with Tuberculosis (TB) in Vaccinations for the flu can save $80 per person vaccinated per year by * 2013, and an estimated 4% of the population was infected preventing costly hospitalizations. * with asymptomatic TB. :: Even though malaria is both preventable and treatable, it still caused approximately 627,000 deaths globally in 2012. ‡ SAVING LIVES SAVING MONEY HOW RESEARCH SAVES LIVES: ^ CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. <WWW.CDC.GOV> ‡ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. <WWW.WHO.INT > * TRUST FOR AMERICA’S HEALTH. <WWW.HEALTHYAMERICANS.ORG> survivor: NAME: David Ricci AGE: 22 CONDITION: Antibiotic Resistant Infection :: Severe dehydration, which can become fatal within hours, is a common symptom of many viral infections. American researchers, working for the US Public Health Service, aided in the development of oral rehydration therapy (ORT). International access to ORT, which on average costs less than $0.50, has saved more than 50 *+ million lives as of 2015. :: During the 20 century, polio tore through communities, th disproportionately affecting children and leaving many irreversibly paralyzed. More than 50,000 deaths due to polio were reported in 1952 alone. Between 1955 and 2015, an estimated 1.1 million lives + have been saved through global vaccination. :: Smallpox is the only infectious disease to ever be eradicated globally. Due to the success of the vaccine and prevention programs, the eradication of smallpox has saved an estimated 540 + million lives worldwide as of 2014. HOW RESEARCH SAVES MONEY: :: If every American received recommended vaccinations, 14 million cases of preventable disease would be avoided and 33,000 lives would be saved per year. It would also save Americans $43.3 ‡ billion in direct and indirect costs annually. :: A study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Johns Hopkins University found that a $4.5 billion investment in HIV prevention over a 10-year period could save the ^ U.S. $104 billion in direct medical costs. :: Researchers estimate that if the U.S. could reduce the number of hospital-acquired infections by 20%, healthcare providers would ** save nearly $7 billion per year. * BISHAI ET AL. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION. 2015: 13(3). + SCIENCE HEROES. <WWW.SCIENCEHEROES.COM> 2015. ‡ HEALTHYPEOPLE.GOV. <WWW.HEALTHPEOPLE.GOV/2020> ^ AVERT. <WWW.AVERT.ORG> ** OFFICE OF DISEASE PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION. <WWW.HEALTH.GOV> While volunteering at an AIDS orphanage in Calcutta, India, 19-year-old David Ricci was walking one morning when he was hit and dragged by a train, resulting in the brutal amputation of his right leg above the knee. After three weeks in a rural hospital, David learned that his wounds were infected with multiple drug-resistant strains of bacteria. David then began a long and agonizing series of procedures to remove infected tissue and treatments with antibiotics of escalating strength. The infection would ultimately return two more times. Now, three years since the last antibiotic-resistant infection, David continues to fight every day. Though the infection appears to have been completely removed, there's still a 30% chance bacteria are lying dormant, and might once again put his life in jeopardy. David has not let the infection deter his future, and is currently pursuing an undergraduate degree in biology at the University of Washington and Cascadia College. He hopes to go to medical school and become an Infectious Disease Specialist. In 2014, he was invited by the Pew Research Foundation to speak at the Supermoms Against Super Bugs event at Congress and the White House. David believes more programs that investigate and monitor the overuse of antibiotics in the medical and food industries are essential if we are to combat drug resistant bacteria. Proper education is critical to the longevity of antibiotics, and their survival in the modern medical era. He says that more funding into the research and development of new antibiotics could save more lives. Before the discovery of antibiotics, infections were treated by removing the affected tissue in surgery. If bacteria continue to develop resistance to our current arsenal of antibiotics, we will be looking at what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has named an “Apocalyptic Post-Antibiotic Era.” Without the effectiveness of antibiotics, common and previously treatable illnesses will have detrimental tolls on health. David urges swift action from world governments to prevent a global nightmare. } facts about: Infectious Diseases Research at Work: :: Despite being preventable, tuberculosis (TB) claims three lives every minute worldwide. It is estimated that one TB infected individual will infect up to 15 people per year. A rapid, low-cost TM diagnostic test for TB was released in 2014. TB REaD , allows for accurate results within 10 minutes, and makes it possible for a patient to begin treatment that same day. Rapid diagnosis and * treatment is imperative to reduce the death toll of TB. :: Annually, the seasonal flu causes up to 500,000 deaths internationally. The current vaccine requires a new formula to be created each year. Researchers are in the process of developing a universal flu vaccine, which would eliminate the yearly process of ‡ developing and administering a seasonal vaccine. :: In 2015, the FDA approval for the use of a transportable diagnostic test for the Ebola virus has given researchers hope that they are one step closer to controlling the deadly West African outbreak. Current tests are nearly impossible to conduct in rural settings. The new tests would allow those in the field to get results within 30 minutes. This new advancement would make it possible to contain outbreak clusters quickly and efficiently.+ *TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER. <WWW.SCIENCEDAILY.COM/RESLEASES> 2014. ‡ FEDERAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION <WWW.FDA.GOV> + WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. <WWW.WHO.INT> National Poll: Improving Global Health with Research Very important Somewhat important Not too important A majority of Americans agree that it is important for the U.S. to work to improve health globally through research and development. SOURCE: A RESEARCH!AMERICA POLL OF U.S. ADULTS CONDUCTED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH JZ ANALYTICS IN DECEMBER 2012. Not at all important Not sure 10% 40% 4% 10% 38% The Bottom Line: Recent Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) and Ebola outbreaks demonstrate the rapid spread of infectious diseases around the world with no regard for state and national boundaries. Increased investments in research are needed to improve current treatments, develop new drugs, and identify better ways to diagnose and prevent infectious diseases in our increasingly global community. Research!America 1101 King Street, Suite 520 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 703.739.2577 www.researchamerica.org [email protected] The Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation is a founding partner in this series of fact sheets. www.laskerfoundation.org 15.2.315