Download GLOBAL CITIES INSTITUTE An RMIT Research and Innovation

GLOBAL CITIES INSTITUTE
An RMIT Research and
Innovation Institute
Urban Climate Change
Infrastructure Adaptation
updated January 30-08
Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
Goal: to create a global framework for the infrastructural
adaptation of cities to climate change.
Objectives:
• to complete an assessment of the relative vulnerability of
strategically-chosen cities in the Asia Pacific region
• to design strategies to increase resilience of those cities in
relation to climate-change impacts.
• to implement an initiative composed of specific urbaninfrastructural adaptive responses based on RMIT’s scientific
and technological innovations that exemplify the general global
principles that should frame urban climate-change adaptation
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Global Climate Change Adaptation
Program
4 Integrated Program activities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Assess and map the vulnerability of urban infrastructure in
selected cities in Asia Pacific to climate change impacts;
Develop scenarios and strategic pathways for urban
infrastructural adaptation;
Implement an adaptive infrastructural initiative in two cities
— one Australian and one in the Asia-Pacific region; and
Propose a global framework for equitable and efficient
allocation of adaptation costs; and convene a global or
regional mayoral event on World Environment Day, 2008, to
launch a global city compact for implementing city-level
adaptation commitments.
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
1. Urban Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment:
Assess the climate-related infrastructural vulnerability in comparative fashion of different
intermediate sized Asian-Pacific cities that are potential locales for a climate-change
initiative by conducting:
1.
2.
Risk-hazard analysis of urban physical infrastructure, especially sensitivity to climate change
impacts on water, built assets, waste management, and energy systems;
Socio-economic analysis of vulnerability arising from climate change urban infrastructural
impacts due differential availability of and access to resources needed for adaptation.
Year 1: Convene RMIT research group; identify research collaborators in Vietnam and Ho Chi
Minh City; prepare common framework for comparative research and analysis; conduct
preliminary research. Use this research to identify other highly-vulnerable candidate
sites for the infrastructural initiative.
Year 2: Produce integrated infrastructural vulnerability profiles of specific urban communities
and cities to external stresses arising from climate change; develop quantitative and
qualitative indices of vulnerability and sensitivity, and production of decision tools
(based on GIS) to enable cities to conduct such analysis, including stakeholder
consultation and participation.
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Supporting Projects 2007-8, year 1
• HCMC scenarios workshop and insights
• VGBC and VASS joint research and
training projects
• Possible comparative local community
studies by CS WG (Hamilton, St. Kilda,
Westernport (?), Port Moresby,KL,
HCMC?
• Research Tools (none selected as of yet)
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VGBC Workplan 2008
Phase I -- VGBC-GCI Sust. CCA Research/Training Program (11/15/07-7/25/08)
1. Identify participants and initial research projects. VGBC technical committee,
in three bi-monthly meetings, selects VN working group. Joint research topics
are selected from above list for rolling implementation in consultation with
representatives of GCI-RMIT climate change and infrastructure working
groups. (12/7/07-1/26/08)
2. Develop funding strategies for 2008/Phase II. VGBC director and GCI-RMIT
program leaders identify funding sources, devise strategies for collaboration
continuation and expansion, and begin implementation. (12/07/07-4/14/08)
3. Develop sustainable CCA training program. VGBC tailors weeklong intensive
training for VN working group, centered on April 16-17 green building and
design seminar in Melbourne. (12/15-4/1)
4. Preliminary research. VN working group conducts initial research, data
collection, and literature reviews. (12/7-4/15)
5. VN researchers contribute to V-SCCAN website. Working group summarizes
research for Vietnamese and GCI-RMIT on V-SCCAN. (2/15-6/30)
6. VN researchers visit Australia. VN working group visits Melbourne for green
building seminar and enhancement lectures, green building study tours, and
research presentation and discussion with RMIT-GCI researchers. The last
develops joint research follow-up and enhancement. (4/14-4/21)
7. Assessment of funding status and strategic review. VGBC director and GCIRMIT
program leaders discuss revisions to funding strategies and
implementation plan for remainder of 2008. (4/14-4/21)
8. Joint research determined. VN working group and GCI-RMIT researchers
finalize joint topics, begin working toward paper completion and submission to
peer-reviewed journal. (4/22-5/15)
9. Phase I midpoint report. VGBC and VN working group summarize results of
visit, direction of joint research. Published on V-SCCAN. (5/15)
10. Fundraising implementation. VGBC director and GCI-RMIT program leaders
continue joint fundraising efforts. (4/22-7/25)
11. Submission to scholarly journals. Research teams submit initial papers. (7/25
or in time for 2008 publication)
12. Sustainable CCA training: VN working group prepares Vietnamese training
seminars for secondary group (150) of building professionals.
(4/25-7/25)
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30-08
Funded by:
CCAP WG 55K
IFS WG 7K
VSF 10K
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Vietnam Research Themes: 1 VGBC
1. Urban planning mechanisms and dynamics
a. A study of the institutional and policy context of urban development in
Viet Nam, with a focus on its two largest cities, Hanoi and HCMC.
b. Subtopics: the changing relationship between city and national
government; bureaucratic roles; CCA capacity/needs; housing and
development policy with regards to equity, social, economic, and
environmental goals. RMIT Counterpart Researcher is?
3. Developing sustainable CCA (green) building benchmarks
a. Integrating CCA concepts into development of VGBC green building
benchmarks. (Possible extension for regional adoption/training.)
b. Subtopics: global green standards, modifications for tropical climates
and developing economies, global CCA concepts, possible and
probable GCC outcomes for Viet Nam over various timelines.\
RMIT counterpart: CFD…and?
6. Solar desalinization (low-energy water supply/treatment)
a. Extending CARE (RMIT) work on solar desal, saltwater greenhouses,
and other decentralized water infrastructure projects to Viet Nam.
b. Initial scoping study gauges which technologies hold most potential for
rapid, efficient integration into VN infrastructure.
RMIT counterpart: CARE--Aliakbar
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2. VASS
VASS 3 social science fellows, March-June, study tour in Melbourne, report on
Social science priorities for CCA in Vietnam (jointly with RMIT researchers, VGBC,
Focus on urban
Jointly funded by Endeavour Fellowships, JF-GCI VSF, CCAP
Point people: JF + JAS (research integration), SJ (agenda), IFT (logistics), ? (admin)
Theme VGBC-VASS linkage:
2. GIS-based mapping of urban socio-economic landscape
a. Gathering social and economic urban data with regards to aspects
such as housing, location, and urban forms.
b. Identifying social, economic, and geophysical vulnerabilities with
respect to GCC.
Followup reciprocal RMIT research visits to Vietnam late 2008: funded by NF-R&I?
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Research and Decision Tools
None selected as of yet for Vulnerability assessment
Is GCI investing in GIS is a key issue
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
2. Urban Infrastructural Climate Change Adaptive Scenarios and Strategies
Develop a set of basic adaptation scenarios and strategies as a strategic tool to be
used by policy-makers in regional cities, including sustainability-driven
retreat, highly-built defences, and riding-out the storm, with each scenario
containing technological, economic, demographic, cultural, and security
strands; for energy and built-infrastructure, quantitative analysis of adaptive
paths will be developed in order to:
1.
2.
3.
Identify robust urban adaptation strategies
Develop strategies with other cities in a common analytical framework (possibly
new software decision tool focused on urban managers, which are currently nonexistent), and
Ascertain opportunities for co-ordination, sharing, collaboration, and possible
initiatives with counterpart cities.
Year 1: Convene urban infrastructure climate change adaptation scenarios
workshop
Year 2: Conduct urban adaptive pathway workshop
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Supporting Projects
Scenarios and Robust Community Strategies
Implementation: Jodi-Anne Smith salary, half time (trained by GBN in Oct-07)
HCMC workshop, Nov 07: Publication: Vietnam HCMC workshop report (Futures)
Workshops 2008:
Hamilton Workshop Feb
Report: Yaso-Martin team with CRG
Publication:
ARC Linkage: community response
Oz-Indonesia CC&Security June Canberra
Richard Tanter Human Security WG – Pelangi in Jakarta
Publication: Science, Futures, CC journals
ARC Linkage with security agencies, Indonesian orgs
Co-Funding: Wallace Global Fund
St. Kilda, Martin-Yaso-CSWG, Fall 08
Scenarios Quantitative Tool Development
ABM Tool Development integrated with scenarios method (Feb 8th meeting)
ARC Linkage: Colin Arrowsmith
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
3. Urban Infrastructure CC Adaptation Initiative
Develop RMIT-driven sectorally-specific, cross-disciplinary technological infrastructural
innovations to increase urban resilience and to increase adaptive capacity to climate
change.
1.
Select candidates from an RMIT technological inventory for the initiative by
screening possible innovations against the criteria of least-regrets, overlap with
globally and socially-justified climate mitigation measures, scalability and
replicability, and extent to which it reduces the multiple jeopardies facing the most
vulnerable populations due to non-climate change stresses
2.
Develop, test, and transfer the innovation to the demonstration project level in at
least two cities, one in Australia and one in the region, within three years.
Year 1: inventory and select RMIT infrastructural candidate technologies for climate change
adaptation in context of candidate vulnerable cities assessed in element 1; initial
candidates are buildings energy-related adaptations; and waste water treatment
adaptation technologies.
Year 2: implement demonstration project and develop related decision tools for assessing
need for and utility of a range of adaptive technologies
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Supporting Projects
Solar-Thermal/Low Grade Heat Water Desalination Technology
Implementation, CARE-Bundoora, Aliakbar et al, 20K/y, 3 years
Co-funding strategies for years 2, 3…Vic G, industry partners
Publication: technical journal, mid-08 (Peter Golding lead author, U-Texas)
ARC strategy: Linkage with DPI, industry partners
Building Adaptive Materials Calculator
Implementation: Center for Design, 20K/year, 3 years
Co-funding strategies for years 2, 3
Publication:
ARC strategy?
GIS-Adaptive Urban Watershed Management
Implementation: Felicity Roddick, 30K/year, 2 years
Contingent upon Melb Water co-funding (Feb 15-08 decision)
ARC strategy?
Water Recycling Chemical Treatment Process
Implementation: Felicity Roddick, 15K/year, 2 years
Contingent upon Melb Water co-funding (Feb 15-08 decision)
ARC strategy?
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
4. Global Climate Change Adaptation Rules
Unlike climate change mitigation, there are no standards or rules by which to allocate the cost of adaptation in
ways that are equitable and efficient.
RMIT will convene a research group of eminent philosophers, economists, development practitioners, political
scientists, and sociologists who will develop a set of qualitative and quantitative indices that should
govern the allocation of incremental adaptation driven by anthropogenic climate change. This group
will
1.
2.
3.
Examine the evolving climate change adaptation practices and rationales of international
institutions such as the Global Environment Facility, the World Bank, the IFC, the WTO, etc; and
will engage prominent practitioners in the field of climate change adaptation such as insurance
companies, bankers, architect and engineering firms, etc.
Evaluate the potential for cities to become the prime drivers for an equitable and efficient global
strategy to adapt to climate change.
Examine the potential for a city-city level global compact on climate change adaptation to
supplement or complement the post-Kyoto Protocol state-level framework for climate change
mitigation and adaptation and introduce this instititutional concept to mayors throughout the
region.
Year 1: Conduct study and deliver policy proposals on Global climate change adaptation cost allocational
rules.
Year 2: Convene a mayoral level pan-Pacific (or global) meeting in Melbourne or regional city such as Ho Chi
Minh City, to consider role of cities and possible Global City Compact on WED, June 5, 2008.
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Element 4: Supporting Projects
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Delayed year 1 (startup, budget limit)
OECD Round Table SD co-convener
Committee of Melbourne partner
Global Compact City Program?
Year 2: startup research, workshop
Co-funding: Rockefeller Foundation?
Climate Change Ministry ML office?
Implementation: Caroline Bayliss
ARC strategy?
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RMIT CCA Infrastructure
1. Assessment of RMIT CCA actual, latent research capacities
Networked with Melbourne University (later others)
Mine RMIT research database
Profiling and networked capacities, software to enable users to identify capacityclusters that match CCA issue-clusters
Implementation: Hayes, Falk, JOD, now JAS, needs project leader
Co-Funding: AGO-Griffith networks (RFP for settlements and infrastructure
research later in 2008)
Arc Linkage in future on CCA knowledge and networks?
2. AdaptNet
Scanning key reports for researchers
Created set of key users, ping them every 2 weeks
Translated into Vietnamese and Indonesian already
Engages donors
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Pending GCI website
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Project Portfolio
Infrastructure
AdaptNet
RMIT networked CCA research profiling
Tools
Scenarios method
Workshops
ABM simulation?
Building Adaptive Materials Calculator
Adaptive Water
Tech
Solar-low grade heat desalination
Chemical treatment gray water recycling
Research
Adaptive green building; Vietnam green building
Comparative community adaptive response and strategies
Security impacts of CC on Indonesian-Australia relations
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
Urban climate change impacts related to infrastructure
Sea level rise/intermediate size cities
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Coastal zone and watershed flooding: Retreat vs defend vs do nothing
•
Impact on urban infrastructure—drainage and watershed management, water and sewage, energy, built, transport and telecom, services (especially food, education,
recreation, tourism,); and especially on linked networks, cascading failure potential
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Technological cost and risk
•
Equity implications of each option—who is obligated to pay, what is the cost, and who is likely to pay given the power differentials
Climate extremes
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Drought-driven wildfires and downwind transport of particles, ground-level ozone, CO, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affect urban populations
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Temperature, prolonged heat island effects
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Technological: energy, materials, land use implications of greater T range
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Equity implications —impact and cost on old, young, sick
Extreme weather events
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Impact on cities Heat waves (heat stroke, dehydration, exhaustion, cardiovascular disease and mortality) Air quality (photochemical smog,
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Warning systems
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Flooding driving rodents into high density habitations, impacts on sanitation and water systems and public health
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Winds and wind loads
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Urban and Building Design Storms and Infrastructure, especially transport in ice-snow storms, fog and effects on vehicles and people, including aircraft
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Insurance
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Preventive measures
Disease vectors
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Impact on urban populations and public health care cost and systems (aeroallegens from weeds, pollens, molds) combined with diesel particles affect respiratory disease,
insurance…)
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New insect-borne and emerging infectious diseases, especially mosquitos, and avian-mosquito interactions
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Mobility and density/transmission belts
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Urban form
Social Impacts
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Wealth distribution impacts over time due to changes in asset values
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Income and household expenditure impacts
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Geographical and social zones in urban areas by relative vulnerability, % of infrastructure, area, population, at risk
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Adaptive capacity by zone, income, maturity of infrastructure
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In-out migration flows
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Policing and security
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
RMIT Water-Related Infrastructure Adaptive Capacity Cluster
Severe storms resulting from climate change can have severe effects on water
and sanitation systems, with major implications for public health.
In addition to direct transmission of water-borne gastro-intestinal diseases
resulting from the impact of floods on these systems, cities also face new
insect-borne infectious diseases (especially via mosquitos) resulting from
pooled and stagnant water with high organic loads between floods.
Coastal cities face the additional burden of sea level rise and impact of direct
contamination of drinking water by sewage and seafood contamination due to
nutrient flushes and harmful algal blooms.
Adaptive measures are manifold but include relocation of processing facilities,
re-powering with decentralized energy sources, flood control and mitigation
measures, and many public health monitoring and management technologies
and methods
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
Sampling of RMIT Water-Related Infrastructure Adaptive Capacity Cluster
Associate Professor Roger Hadgraft, Dr Nira Jayasuriya and Dr David Law
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Modelling risk for infrastructure assets associated with water and wastewater with regard to maintenance and potential environmental impact
Lifecycle determination of assets associated with water and wastewater
Management of stormwater: distribution, upgrading of quality, management of surge flows and maximising harvest
Modelling of water catchment and distribution systems
Water audits and demand studies
Professor John Buckeridge, Associate Professor John Brumley
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Determination of extent of ground water resources and policy for their allocation, water trading.
Prediction of land subsidence and effects on infrastructure and environment due to groundwater extraction.
Sustainable management of mineral springs with regard to hydrogeological and social factors.
Engineering ethics, integration of cultural and spiritual values with scientific research and engineering design.
Professor Felicity Roddick, Dr John Harris
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Treatment of potable water to comply with public health and aesthetic standards,
Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment,
Development and optimisation of methods for recycling wastewater
Application of waste minimisation methods to reduce waste production and water pollution, particularly to reduce water demand.
Associate Professor Barry Meehan, Dr Nichola Porter
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Water and wastewater treatment technology
Application of waste minimisation methods to reduce water pollution
Sustainable management of biosolids arising from wastewater treatment
A/Prof. Ann Lawrie:
-- develop convergent biotech-nanotech-IT innovations
David Mercer
-- Policy analysis
-- Environmental impacts of urban growth
-- Water futures and climate change
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
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Indicative International Partners
IGES, East Asian urban climate change network
START East Asia network
IISD, Canada
IIED, London
ICLEI
Climate Group Cities Network
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, City
program
UNEP Adaptation Center
Cities of SF, Vancouver, Seattle, Seoul, Tokyo, Ho Chi
Minh, Shanghai, Jakarta
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Global Climate Change Adaptation Program
Indicative Domestic Partners
City of Melbourne
Victorian Government—DSE
Melbourne University-RMIT sustainability hub
Monash University regional CC modelling
CSIRO Atmospheric Sciences Division
AGO: five local urban adaptation projects, six
applicants
Corporate and civil society partners depending on
city and infrastructure choice
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CC CAPACITY CLUSTERS
RMIT Urban Heat Island and Public Health Adaptive Capacity
Example: Climate change impacts:
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Increased pollen production by weeds and trees due to more carbon dioxide
combined with longer growing seasons;
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Increased carbon dioxide may also stimulate increased molds, further nurtured by
increased humidity resulting from higher temperatures combined with increased
intensity of rainfall
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Particles such as diesel exhaust combine with mold and pollen to produce more
allergens that are then delivered to vulnerable populations susceptible to respiratory
disease
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Photochemical smog will increase due to longer and hotter heat waves that affect
cardio-respiratory illness and mortality.
Adaptive measures include
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Public health system responses to increased demand for services due to heat island
effects of climate change
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Ameliorate heat island by public transport, green belts, urban trees, parks, and roof
gardens
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