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IDENTIFICATION OF POND LIFE Water boatmen Order Hemiptera Class Insecta Phylum Arthropoda Powerful swimmers that can fly. They eat algae and dead plant matter. They suck up food using their proboscus Daphnia Order Diptera The mosquito goes through four separate and distinct stages of its life cycle: Egg, Larva, Pupa, and Adult. Eggs are laid one at a time or attached together to form “rafts.” with a flip of their tails towards the bottom or protective areas. Order Diptera Larvae have siphon tubes for breathing and hang upside down from the water surface.The larvae feed on microorganisms and organic matter in the water. The pupal stage is a resting, nonfeeding stage of development, but pupae are mobile, responding to light changes and move (tumble) with a flip of their tails towards the bottom or protective Stonefly nymphs Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta, Order Plecoptera Members of this group have two `tails', long antennae and two pairs of wing pads. They are usually found among stones or aquatic plants in cool, non-polluted streams. Some species eat plants, some eat animals and others eat bothThey may occur as nymphs for most of the year and as adults or eggs for the remainder . Mayfly nymphs Class Insecta Order Ephemeroptera Such species have three `tails', short antennae and lateral gills along the abdomen. They are usually found under stones in fast-flowing water or among vegetation or collections of leaves and twigs in slow-flowing water. Mayfly nymphs feed mostly on algae and detritus Adult mayflies do not feed, and live for only a Caddis-fly larvae Class Insecta, Order Trichoptera Caddis-fly larvae Class Insecta, Order Trichoptera Caddis-fly larvae have a soft body with three pairs of legs below the head. Larvae from some caddis-fly families build portable cases or `homes' made from material such as leaves, twigs, cemented stones or sand grains. Usually only the head and legs protrude from the case. The case-building caddis-fly larvae mostly feed on plant material, algae or detritus (fine organic matter). The free-living caddis-fly larvae which do not construct cases are generally carnivorous, eating other invertebrates. Elmids or riffle beetles Class Insecta, Order Coleoptera Family Elmidae The adults of elmids (riffle beetles) are tiny and black or dark brown in colour. Their larvae are generally small and elongated shaped' with retractile gills on their last body segment.Neither adults nor larvae can swim, but are generally found crawling on stones,or logs in the Yabbies Class Crustacea Order Decapoda Family Parastacidge Yabbies are large robust crustaceans with strong grasping forelegs (`pincers'). They are smoothshelled and generally light brown or blue-black in colour. Yabbies feed mainly on dead plant material, but may also eat invertebrates, algae and living plants. Amphipods, scuds or sideswimmers Class Crustacea Order Amphipoda Shrimps Class Crustacea Order Decapoda Family Atyidae Shrimps are small (up to 2-3 cm long), transparent, fast-moving crustaceans, with long slender legs. They commonly live among aquatic plants or loose stones especially in slow flowing areas, and scavenge for their food comprising of dead animals and These are small crustaceans (up to about 10 mm long) have laterally compressed bodies (that is, flattened from side to side) and seven pairs of walking legs. They feed mostly on organic detritus, aquatic vegetation or by scavenging dead Jan Stevenson. GSC. Order Anostracaclass Class Branchiopoda Daphnia swims by using its antennae as it filters tiny plants and animals from the water. During dry periods daphnia eggs can survive in the soil for many years. The dry eggs can be dispersed by the wind to form new colonies. Dragon-fly and damsel-fly nymphs Class Insecta, Order Odonata Each of these nymphs is a predator, with a hinged grasping `jaw', large eyes and slender legs. Dragon-fly nymphs are short and chunky and do not have external gills. Damsel-fly nymphs are slender and have three leaf-like gills at the end of their body. Adult dragon-flies extend their wings out horizontally when at rest, while adult damsel-flies hold their wings Mites Class Arachnida, Order Acarina Water bugs Other beetles Class Insecta, Order Hemiptera Class Insecta, Order Coleptera You can identify water bugs by their beak-like mouthparts, which they use for piercing their prey and extracting body juices. They can be found among aquatic plants on the water surface or swimming through slowly flowing or still water. All water bugs are carnivorous, feeding on animals. Various beetle adults and larvae can, as a general rule, be found in water of poorer quality than that inhabited by elmids. Some common ones are listed here. Diving beetles Family Dytiscidae Water-scavenger beetles Family Hydrophilidae) The adults range in length from 1 mm to more than 40 mm. They are dark, smooth and oval-shaped somewhat like diving beetles - but can be distinguished by their short club-like antennae and their habit of hanging, head-uppermost, from the water surface. The herbivorous adults feed on living and dead plant materials; however, the larvae use their large crushing The adults are hard, oval and smooth, with flat, hair-covered hind legs that act as oars or paddles. They range from about 5 to 25 mm long and, although generally dark, some may be brightly coloured. Air carried in a chamber beneath their wings allows diving beetles to stay submerged for long periods. Like their larvae, which are sometimes Whirligig beetles Family Gyrinidae The common name comes from the adults' habit of swimming rapidly in irregular curves on the water surface. They can be up to 2cm long or less, with long slender front legs and flat middle and hind legs. The division of their eyes into top and bottom portions enables them to see both above and below the surface, which helps them to locate their prey Water pennies Family Psephenidae Snails and limpets Phylum Mollusca, Class Gastropoda Both snails and limpets are softbodied animals with hard, resistant shells, which are coiled in the former case but flattened and cap-like in limpets. Limpets - usually small (less than 6 mm diameter) - commonly occur on the leaves of submerged plants. Both animals are mainly herbivorous, grazing on the algae that coat most submerged surfaces Flatworms Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria Leeches Phylum Annelida, Class Hirudinea Freshwater worms Phylum Annelida, Class Oligochaeta Oligochaetes are cylindrical, segmented animals, usually brown or pink, with four bundles of minute bristles (setae) on each body segment. They can vary in length from less than 0.5 mm to several centimetres. They feed on organic material in the silt or mud of the stream or lake bed. Some species, especially in the Suckers at each end of the body distinguish these worm-like animals, which can be brightly coloured or dark. Some leeches take blood from animals such as frogs, fish and turtles, while others do not feed on blood but prey on other invertebrates or scavenge for their food. Jan Stevenson. GSC. These small (pinhead size to 4 mm long) macro-invertebrates are generally either globular or flat disc-shaped, with four pairs of legs. They are often bright red, green or blue in colour. Mites feed by sucking the body fluids from small animals. In this case the name comes from the brown, flattened, oval larvae, up to 12 mm long, because they looked rather like the coins in our former currency. These larvae stay pressed flat against stones in fast-flowing sections of stream, where they graze on the algae growing on the stones. Adult water pennies live only a short time (and These small (usually less than about 15 mm long), soft-bodied, flattened animals glide over the surface of plants and stones. They are mostly scavengers, feeding on soft or decomposing animal matter Frogs Class Anphibia Order Anura Frogs have a life cycle with 2 distinct stages,living in water as young, and on land as adults. Frogs lay large numbers of eggs in water, which hatch into small fishlike larvae called tadpoles. Cyclops Class crustasea Order Copepoda The cyclops has 5 pairs of legs and a divided tail-like appendage called a furca. It has one eye in the middle of its head and is called after a mythological creature. Spirillum Bacteria are generally much too small to be seen without special staining and a powerful microscope. But spirillum, a very large bacterium, can be seen very easily. These sausage shaped bacteria are often joined end to end in a spiral and they roll through the water with a corkscrew motion. Spirillum can be found in polluted water. Euglena Euglena are a common single cell algae. They contain chlorophyll like a plant, but swim actively by lashing their whip-like flagellum. Amoeba Amoeba are fairly common protozoans. Amoeba are apparently shapeless blobs of jelly, which move about by pushing out "arms" (pseudopodia) and then flowing into them. They eat by wrapping themselves around their prey. Gastrorich Grouped with rotifers in Phylum Aschelminthes. They may observed under the microscope. They are multicellular and have a distinguishable forked tail. Paramecium Paramecium are protozoans, they are covered with rapidly beating cilia: tiny hairs which push it along very fast. Unlike Amoeba, it has a mouth in a groove halfway along its body. Hydatina A common rotifer, grouped as a class of Phylum Aschelminthes. Rotifers feed on algae and may be observed swimming about under the field of a microscope. Jan Stevenson. GSC. The tadpoles grow larger as they feed on algae and bits of plants. As it begins metamorphosis the tadpole grows hind limbs. After both pairs of limbs are complete and the animal has exchanged its gills for lungs the young frogs crawls out on land. The frog absorbs the rest of its tail and continues to grow until it reaches its adult size Spirogyra Spirogyra are a thread-like green algae which contain a corkscrew-like structure containing their chlorophyll.