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• Darwin observed the Galapagos finches while traveling on the H.M.S Beagle. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Darwin hypothesized that one finch landed on the Island. – This one finch over time and evolved into many different types of finches. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Some finches have small beaks to eats small seeds, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Some finches have small beaks to eats small seeds, other finches have large beaks to crush hard large seeds. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Some finches have small beaks to eats small seeds, other finches have large beaks to crush hard large seeds. Other beaks were designed to catch insects. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which Finch is better adapted to crush large seeds that fall to the ground? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which Finch is better adapted to crush large seeds that fall to the ground? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • They even evolved into a Vampire Finch. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Many species were able to thrive if they made the journey to the Galapagos because once they arrived there were very few mammalian predators. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • Review Activity! The Hypotheticus Beast. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The hypotheticus is a normal animal, it eats leaves and tubers (roots). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The hypotheticus is a normal animal, it eats leaves and tubers (roots). A male hypotheticus meets a female. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The hypotheticus is a normal animal, it eats leaves and tubers (roots). A male hypotheticus meets a female. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • More babies are born than can possibly survive. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • More babies are born than can possibly survive. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than the other. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than the other. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than the other. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than the other. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than the other. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Predators such the Fanged Tooth Scienceteachericus kept populations of the Hypotheticus in check. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Predators such the Fanged Tooth Scienceteachericus kept populations of the Hypotheticus in check. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • One of the offspring has more hair than most. The Hairy Hypotheticus. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • One of the offspring has a slightly larger neck. The Long Necked Hypotheticus. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • One of the offspring is a bit shorter and has longer claws. The Clawed Hypotheticus. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Climate in Hypotheticus Land became drastically dry for the next several years. – Many of the shrubs are eaten or start to die. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Natural Resources are limited for the Normal Hypotheticus. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The normal Hypotheticus can’t reach the leaves, and there aren’t enough shrubs to survive. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The normal Hypotheticus can’t reach the leaves, and there aren’t enough shrubs to survive. – The Normal Hypotheticus has a difficult time surviving. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The normal Hypotheticus can’t reach the leaves, and there aren’t enough shrubs to survive. – The Normal Hypotheticus has a difficult time surviving. – Tuber roots just below the surface are eaten quickly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Over thousands of years, the normal type Hypotheticus slowly have trouble surviving to reproduce. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The Fanged Tooth Scienceteachericus has no problems killing these tired and weaker species. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The long necked Hypotheticus tend to survive more often because they can reach leaves on trees. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • With more Long Necked Hypotheticus surviving, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • With more Long Necked Hypotheticus surviving, Long Necked Hypotheticus tend to mate with Long Necked Hypotheticuses, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • With more Long Necked Hypotheticus surviving, Long Necked Hypotheticus tend to mate with Long Necked Hypotheticuses, over millions of years. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Overtime, nature favors the Long Necked Hypotheticus, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Overtime, nature favors the Long Necked Hypotheticus, and gradually, those offspring with longer necks survive more often to reproduce and their offspring have long necks. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Overtime, nature favors the Long Necked Hypotheticus, and gradually, those offspring with longer necks survive more often to reproduce, and their offspring have long necks. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Overtime, nature favors the Long Necked Hypotheticus, and gradually, those offspring with longer necks survive more often to reproduce, and their offspring have long necks. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The clawed Hypotheticus can dig up tuber roots better than the other Hypotheticuses. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus, as they can reach the tubers, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus, as they can reach the tubers, slowly over thousands and thousands of generations, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus, as they can reach the tubers, slowly over thousands and thousands of generations, the Hypotheticus gets shorter, and gets larger claws for digging. – Those that are shorter with longer claws survive more to reproduce. – Their offspring are also shorter and clawed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus, as they can reach the tubers, slowly over thousands and thousands of generations, the Hypotheticus gets shorter, and gets larger claws for digging. – Those that are shorter with longer claws survive more to reproduce. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus, as they can reach the tubers, slowly over thousands and thousands of generations, the Hypotheticus gets shorter, and gets larger claws for digging. – Those that are shorter with longer claws survive more to reproduce. – Their offspring are also shorter and clawed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Maybe it learns to dig and burrow in the earth to stay cool as the climate gets warmer. Maybe it loses its hair. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Maybe it learns to dig and burrow in the earth to stay cool as the climate gets warmer. Maybe it loses its hair. – It is also advantageous to be smaller to burrow better. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Over thousands of years, the clawed group of the Hypotheticus finds it difficult to mate with the Normal Hypotheticus. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Over thousands of years, the clawed Hypotheticus finds it difficult to mate with the Normal Hypotheticus. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Eventually, the two won’t mate at all. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Over hundreds of thousands to millions of years a new species has evolved. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Over hundreds of thousands to millions of years a new species has evolved. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Over hundreds of thousands to millions of years a new species has evolved. – This is called adaptive radiation. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • In this environment, having more hair keeps you drier and warmer in a cold climate. – The Long Haired Hypotheticus has a slightly better chance of survival. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Populations of the Hairy Hypotheticus are stable in size except for some seasonal changes. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The ones that have more hair survive more and thus reproduce more. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The ones that have more hair survive more and thus reproduce more. – Because traits are passed down, more and more Hairy Hypotheticus result. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The world is thrown into an ice age for 60,000 years, • The world is thrown into an ice age for 60,000 years, only the most Hairy Hypotheticus survive. • The world is thrown into an ice age for 60,000 years, only the most Hairy Hypotheticus survive. • Now only really hairy hypotheticus have survived and they mate with other surviving hairy hypotheticus. • Now only really hairy hypotheticus have survived and they mate with other surviving hairy hypotheticus. • Over time, the hairy Hypotheticus is so different from the normal Hypotheticus that they can no longer mate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Over time, the hairy Hypotheticus is so different from the normal Hypotheticus that they can no longer mate. – A new species has evolved. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • The Normal Hypotheticus went extinct, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The Normal Hypotheticus went extinct, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The Normal Hypotheticus went extinct, but its existence helped evolve several species. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Extinct • Interestingly, based on both morphological and biochemical evidence, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Interestingly, based on both morphological and biochemical evidence, it is agreed that the manatees, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Interestingly, based on both morphological and biochemical evidence, it is agreed that the manatees, dugongs, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Interestingly, based on both morphological and biochemical evidence, it is agreed that the manatees, dugongs, and hyraxes Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Interestingly, based on both morphological and biochemical evidence, it is agreed that the manatees, dugongs, and hyraxes are the closest living relatives of today's elephants. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Extinct Moeritherium species – 50 million years ago. Variation + Many Offspring + Heredity = Natural Selection. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Variation + Many Offspring + Heredity = Natural Selection. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Variation + Many Offspring + Heredity = Natural Selection. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • Evolution is the change in the gene pool overtime. – Gene Pools can change when… – Populations can shrink • Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species, predators. – Non-random mating • Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries, – Mutations in the genes • Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad. • The environment will decide. – Movement in and out of the population • Immigration, gene flow. – Natural selection • Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones. Usually an advancement. • This video is what we are often taught when we are young. (Not correct) • We will create a children’s story soon that explains the process according to Darwin. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmdWfPvyQ-A Shorter Version at.. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdeosyDtYfg • Activity! You need to create a story book about your own type of unique Hypotheticus. – Please include the mechanism for change (The parts of Natural Selection from the notes). – Create pictures, have fun with names. – Provide text above or below the pictures. – Your Hypotheticus should change into a new animal, or many animals over many thousands to millions of years. – Use technology if you want, or use paper, staples, and your creative abilities. – Be prepared for story time! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Example story using a combination of paint images and PowerPoint drawing. • Example story using a combination of paint images and PowerPoint drawing. • (Keep it simple for time sake) • Copy and paste saves time… By Your Name This is the story of Todd the Tortoise and how he got his shell. One day Tom saw the love of his life Tina the Tortoise… They went behind a rock and decided to start a family. Tina laid many eggs. More were born than can possibly survive. Natural resources are limited. Sammy the Snake Enjoys eating tortoise eggs and baby tortoise. • Only a few of the eggs survived to hatch into baby tortoise. No two individuals were alike and baby Todd had this weird shell on his back. No two individuals were alike and baby Todd had this weird shell on his back. “C’mon Todd, your so slow.” • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept populations of tortoise in check. • One day Todd meet another female turtle that had a small shell thing on her back. They went behind a rock and decided to start a family. • Variation is inheritable and most of the offspring also had this shell. • Todd Jr. bumped into Sammy the snake one day as an adult tortoise. Todd’s hard shell made it very difficult for Sammy to eat him. Shelled tortoise began surviving more often and were able to reproduce. Overtime, more shelled tortoise survived because nature selected their shell for survival. • Their offspring were also shelled. A new species was eventually born. • Their offspring were also shelled. A new species was eventually born. “Who are you?” • Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book about your own type of unique Hypotheticus. – Please include the mechanism for change (The parts of Natural Selection from the notes). – Create pictures, have fun with names. – Provide text above or below the pictures. – Your Hypotheticus should change into a new animal, or many animals over many thousands to millions of years. – Use technology if you want, or use paper, staples, and your creative abilities. – Be prepared for story time! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book about your own type of unique Hypotheticus. – Please include the mechanism for change (The parts of Natural Selection from the notes). – Create pictures, have fun with names. – Provide text above or below the pictures. – Your Hypotheticus should change into a new animal, or many animals over many thousands to millions of years. – Use technology if you want, or use paper, staples, and your creative abilities. – Be prepared for story time! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book about your own type of unique Hypotheticus. – Please include the mechanism for change (The parts of Natural Selection from the notes). – Create pictures, have fun with names. – Provide text above or below the pictures. – Your Hypotheticus should change into a new animal, or many animals over many thousands to millions of years. – Use technology if you want, or use paper, staples, and your creative abilities. – Be prepared for story time! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book about your own type of unique Hypotheticus. – Please include the mechanism for change (The parts of Natural Selection from the notes). – Create pictures, have fun with names. – Provide text above or below the pictures. – Your Hypotheticus should change into a new animal, or many animals over many thousands to millions of years. – Use technology if you want, or use paper, staples, and your creative abilities. – Be prepared for story time! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book about your own type of unique Hypotheticus. – Please include the mechanism for change (The parts of Natural Selection from the notes). – Create pictures, have fun with names. – Provide text above or below the pictures. – Your Hypotheticus should change into a new animal, or many animals over many thousands to millions of years. – Use technology if you want, or use paper, staples, and your creative abilities. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book about your own type of unique Hypotheticus. – Please include the mechanism for change (The parts of Natural Selection from the notes). – Create pictures, have fun with names. – Provide text above or below the pictures. – Your Hypotheticus should change into a new animal, or many animals over many thousands to millions of years. – Use technology if you want, or use paper, staples, and your creative abilities. – Be prepared for story time! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • These are the mechanisms that must be mentioned in your story. – Please record one on each slide now. You can arrange them into your story later. Divergent evolution: When a group from a specific population develops into a new species. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Examples of divergent evolution. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • People are all of the same species, but we can see that people all over the world have minor differences from each other. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Teacher can minimize out of slideshow and assist students in dragging the person to the correct star on next slide • The Maasai in Kenya are tall and thin, adapted for maximum heat loss in the heat of East Africa. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • If you live in a cold environment, then you will usually have small ears to retain your heat. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and which in the cold climate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and which in the cold climate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and which in the cold climate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and which in the cold climate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and which in the cold climate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and which in the cold climate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which fox lives in the warm climate, and which lives in the cold climate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which fox lives in the warm climate, and which lives in the cold climate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which fox lives in the warm climate, and which lives in the cold climate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which fox lives in the warm climate, and which lives in the cold climate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Which fox lives in the warm climate, and which lives in the cold climate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • The Inuit of the Arctic are short and squat, perfectly adapted for retaining heat in the cold winter. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Who is more adapted to live in a hot dry climate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Who is more adapted to live in a hot dry climate? “I’m sweating like a wild beast out here!” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Who is more adapted to live in a cold wet climate? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy “Get me out of here!” “I’m freezing!” Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. This Side: One part of the world Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. This Side: One part of the world This Side: Another part of the world Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. This Side: One part of the world Ex. S. America This Side: Another part of the world Ex. Asia and Australia Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved structures in unrelated animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Convergent Evolution: Organisms evolve similar shapes or structures, in response to similar environmental conditions. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy