Download Slide 1 - schmitzhappens13-14

• Darwin observed the Galapagos finches
while traveling on the H.M.S Beagle.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Darwin hypothesized that one finch landed
on the Island.
– This one finch over time and evolved into many
different types of finches.
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• Some finches have small beaks to eats
small seeds,
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• Some finches have small beaks to eats
small seeds, other finches have large
beaks to crush hard large seeds.
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• Some finches have small beaks to eats
small seeds, other finches have large
beaks to crush hard large seeds. Other
beaks were designed to catch insects.
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which Finch is better adapted to crush
large seeds that fall to the ground?
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• Which Finch is better adapted to crush
large seeds that fall to the ground?
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• They even evolved into a Vampire Finch.
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• Many species were able to thrive if they
made the journey to the Galapagos
because once they arrived there were very
few mammalian predators.
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• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• Review Activity! The Hypotheticus Beast.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The hypotheticus is a normal animal, it
eats leaves and tubers (roots).
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• The hypotheticus is a normal animal, it
eats leaves and tubers (roots). A male
hypotheticus meets a female.
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• The hypotheticus is a normal animal, it
eats leaves and tubers (roots). A male
hypotheticus meets a female.
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• More babies are born than can possibly
survive.
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• More babies are born than can possibly
survive.
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• Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than
the other.
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• Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than
the other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than
the other.
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• Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than
the other.
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• Each Hypotheticus is slightly different than
the other.
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• Predators such the Fanged Tooth
Scienceteachericus kept populations of the
Hypotheticus in check.
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• Predators such the Fanged Tooth
Scienceteachericus kept populations of the
Hypotheticus in check.
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• One of the offspring has more hair than
most. The Hairy Hypotheticus.
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• One of the offspring has a slightly larger
neck. The Long Necked Hypotheticus.
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• One of the offspring is a bit shorter and has
longer claws. The Clawed Hypotheticus.
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• Climate in Hypotheticus Land became
drastically dry for the next several years.
– Many of the shrubs are eaten or start to die.
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• Natural Resources are limited for the
Normal Hypotheticus.
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• The normal Hypotheticus can’t reach the
leaves, and there aren’t enough shrubs to
survive.
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• The normal Hypotheticus can’t reach the
leaves, and there aren’t enough shrubs to
survive.
– The Normal Hypotheticus has a difficult time
surviving.
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• The normal Hypotheticus can’t reach the
leaves, and there aren’t enough shrubs to
survive.
– The Normal Hypotheticus has a difficult time
surviving.
– Tuber roots just below the surface are eaten
quickly.
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• Over thousands of years, the normal type
Hypotheticus slowly have trouble surviving to
reproduce.
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• The Fanged Tooth Scienceteachericus has
no problems killing these tired and weaker
species.
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• The long necked Hypotheticus tend to
survive more often because they can reach
leaves on trees.
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• With more Long Necked Hypotheticus
surviving,
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• With more Long Necked Hypotheticus
surviving, Long Necked Hypotheticus tend to
mate with Long Necked Hypotheticuses,
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• With more Long Necked Hypotheticus
surviving, Long Necked Hypotheticus tend to
mate with Long Necked Hypotheticuses, over
millions of years.
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• Overtime, nature favors the Long Necked
Hypotheticus,
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• Overtime, nature favors the Long Necked
Hypotheticus, and gradually, those offspring
with longer necks survive more often to
reproduce and their offspring have long
necks.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Overtime, nature favors the Long Necked
Hypotheticus, and gradually, those offspring
with longer necks survive more often to
reproduce, and their offspring have long
necks.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Overtime, nature favors the Long Necked
Hypotheticus, and gradually, those offspring
with longer necks survive more often to
reproduce, and their offspring have long
necks.
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The clawed Hypotheticus can dig up tuber
roots better than the other Hypotheticuses.
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• Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus,
as they can reach the tubers,
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• Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus,
as they can reach the tubers, slowly over
thousands and thousands of generations,
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus,
as they can reach the tubers, slowly over
thousands and thousands of generations, the
Hypotheticus gets shorter, and gets larger
claws for digging.
– Those that are shorter with longer claws survive
more to reproduce.
– Their offspring are also shorter and clawed.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus,
as they can reach the tubers, slowly over
thousands and thousands of generations, the
Hypotheticus gets shorter, and gets larger
claws for digging.
– Those that are shorter with longer claws survive
more to reproduce.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Nature favors Longer Clawed Hypotheticus,
as they can reach the tubers, slowly over
thousands and thousands of generations, the
Hypotheticus gets shorter, and gets larger
claws for digging.
– Those that are shorter with longer claws survive
more to reproduce.
– Their offspring are also shorter and clawed.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Maybe it learns to dig and burrow in the earth
to stay cool as the climate gets warmer.
Maybe it loses its hair.
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• Maybe it learns to dig and burrow in the earth
to stay cool as the climate gets warmer.
Maybe it loses its hair.
– It is also advantageous to be smaller to burrow
better.
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• Over thousands of years, the clawed group of
the Hypotheticus finds it difficult to mate with
the Normal Hypotheticus.
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• Over thousands of years, the clawed
Hypotheticus finds it difficult to mate with the
Normal Hypotheticus.
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• Eventually, the two won’t mate at all.
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• Over hundreds of thousands to millions of
years a new species has evolved.
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• Over hundreds of thousands to millions of
years a new species has evolved.
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• Over hundreds of thousands to millions of
years a new species has evolved.
– This is called adaptive radiation.
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• In this environment, having more hair keeps
you drier and warmer in a cold climate.
– The Long Haired Hypotheticus has a slightly
better chance of survival.
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• Populations of the Hairy Hypotheticus are
stable in size except for some seasonal
changes.
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• The ones that have more hair survive more
and thus reproduce more.
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• The ones that have more hair survive more
and thus reproduce more.
– Because traits are passed down, more and more
Hairy Hypotheticus result.
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• The world is thrown into an ice age for
60,000 years,
• The world is thrown into an ice age for
60,000 years, only the most Hairy
Hypotheticus survive.
• The world is thrown into an ice age for
60,000 years, only the most Hairy
Hypotheticus survive.
• Now only really hairy hypotheticus have
survived and they mate with other
surviving hairy hypotheticus.
• Now only really hairy hypotheticus have
survived and they mate with other
surviving hairy hypotheticus.
• Over time, the hairy Hypotheticus is so
different from the normal Hypotheticus that
they can no longer mate.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Over time, the hairy Hypotheticus is so
different from the normal Hypotheticus that
they can no longer mate.
– A new species has evolved.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• The Normal Hypotheticus went extinct,
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Normal Hypotheticus went extinct,
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• The Normal Hypotheticus went extinct, but
its existence helped evolve several species.
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Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Extinct
• Interestingly, based on both morphological
and biochemical evidence,
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• Interestingly, based on both morphological
and biochemical evidence, it is agreed that
the manatees,
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• Interestingly, based on both morphological
and biochemical evidence, it is agreed that
the manatees, dugongs,
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Interestingly, based on both morphological
and biochemical evidence, it is agreed that
the manatees, dugongs, and hyraxes
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Interestingly, based on both morphological
and biochemical evidence, it is agreed that
the manatees, dugongs, and hyraxes are the
closest living relatives of today's elephants.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Extinct
Moeritherium
species – 50
million years ago.

Variation + Many Offspring + Heredity =
Natural Selection.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Variation + Many Offspring + Heredity =
Natural Selection.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Variation + Many Offspring + Heredity =
Natural Selection.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• Evolution is the change in the gene pool
overtime.
– Gene Pools can change when…
– Populations can shrink
• Diseases, extinctions, introduction of new better adapted species,
predators.
– Non-random mating
• Organisms choose strongest mate, ones in similar boundaries,
– Mutations in the genes
• Genes can change. Some are good, some are bad.
• The environment will decide.
– Movement in and out of the population
• Immigration, gene flow.
– Natural selection
• Adaptations to the environment that do well replace poor ones.
Usually an advancement.
• This video is what we are often taught when
we are young. (Not correct)
• We will create a children’s story soon that
explains the process according to Darwin.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmdWfPvyQ-A
Shorter Version at.. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdeosyDtYfg
• Activity! You need to create a story book
about your own type of unique Hypotheticus.
– Please include the mechanism for change
(The parts of Natural Selection from the
notes).
– Create pictures, have fun with names.
– Provide text above or below the pictures.
– Your Hypotheticus should change into a new
animal, or many animals over many thousands
to millions of years.
– Use technology if you want, or use paper,
staples, and your creative abilities.
– Be prepared for story time!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Example story using a combination of paint
images and PowerPoint drawing.
• Example story using a combination of paint
images and PowerPoint drawing.
• (Keep it simple for time sake)
• Copy and paste saves time…
By Your Name
This is the story of Todd the Tortoise and
how he got his shell.
One day Tom saw the love of
his life
Tina the Tortoise…
They went behind a rock and
decided to start a family.
Tina laid many eggs.
More were born than can
possibly survive.
Natural resources are
limited.
Sammy the Snake Enjoys eating tortoise eggs
and baby tortoise.
• Only a few of the eggs survived to hatch into
baby tortoise.
No two individuals were alike and
baby Todd had this weird shell on his
back.
No two individuals were alike and
baby Todd had this weird shell on his
back.
“C’mon Todd,
your so
slow.”
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• Predators such as Sammy the Snake kept
populations of tortoise in check.
• One day Todd meet another female turtle that
had a small shell thing on her back.
They went behind a rock and
decided to start a family.
• Variation is inheritable and most of the
offspring also had this shell.
• Todd Jr. bumped into Sammy the snake one
day as an adult tortoise.
Todd’s hard shell made it very difficult
for Sammy to eat him.
Shelled tortoise began surviving more
often and were able to reproduce.
Overtime, more shelled tortoise survived
because nature selected their shell for
survival.
• Their offspring were also shelled. A new
species was eventually born.
• Their offspring were also shelled. A new
species was eventually born.
“Who are you?”
• Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book
about your own type of unique Hypotheticus.
– Please include the mechanism for change
(The parts of Natural Selection from the
notes).
– Create pictures, have fun with names.
– Provide text above or below the pictures.
– Your Hypotheticus should change into a new
animal, or many animals over many thousands
to millions of years.
– Use technology if you want, or use paper,
staples, and your creative abilities.
– Be prepared for story time!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book
about your own type of unique Hypotheticus.
– Please include the mechanism for change
(The parts of Natural Selection from the
notes).
– Create pictures, have fun with names.
– Provide text above or below the pictures.
– Your Hypotheticus should change into a new
animal, or many animals over many thousands
to millions of years.
– Use technology if you want, or use paper,
staples, and your creative abilities.
– Be prepared for story time!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book
about your own type of unique Hypotheticus.
– Please include the mechanism for change
(The parts of Natural Selection from the
notes).
– Create pictures, have fun with names.
– Provide text above or below the pictures.
– Your Hypotheticus should change into a new
animal, or many animals over many thousands
to millions of years.
– Use technology if you want, or use paper,
staples, and your creative abilities.
– Be prepared for story time!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book
about your own type of unique Hypotheticus.
– Please include the mechanism for change
(The parts of Natural Selection from the
notes).
– Create pictures, have fun with names.
– Provide text above or below the pictures.
– Your Hypotheticus should change into a new
animal, or many animals over many thousands
to millions of years.
– Use technology if you want, or use paper,
staples, and your creative abilities.
– Be prepared for story time!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book
about your own type of unique Hypotheticus.
– Please include the mechanism for change
(The parts of Natural Selection from the
notes).
– Create pictures, have fun with names.
– Provide text above or below the pictures.
– Your Hypotheticus should change into a new
animal, or many animals over many thousands
to millions of years.
– Use technology if you want, or use paper,
staples, and your creative abilities.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Extra Credit Activity! Create a story book
about your own type of unique Hypotheticus.
– Please include the mechanism for change
(The parts of Natural Selection from the
notes).
– Create pictures, have fun with names.
– Provide text above or below the pictures.
– Your Hypotheticus should change into a new
animal, or many animals over many thousands
to millions of years.
– Use technology if you want, or use paper,
staples, and your creative abilities.
– Be prepared for story time!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• These are the mechanisms that must be
mentioned in your story.
– Please record one on each slide now. You
can arrange them into your story later.

Divergent evolution: When a group from a
specific population develops into a new
species.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Examples of divergent evolution.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• People are all of the same species, but we
can see that people all over the world have
minor differences from each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Teacher can minimize out of slideshow
and assist students in dragging the
person to the correct star on next slide
• The Maasai in Kenya are tall and thin, adapted
for maximum heat loss in the heat of East
Africa.
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• If you live in a cold environment, then you will
usually have small ears to retain your heat.
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• Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and
which in the cold climate?
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• Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and
which in the cold climate?
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• Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and
which in the cold climate?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and
which in the cold climate?
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• Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and
which in the cold climate?
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• Which rabbit lives in the warm climate, and
which in the cold climate?
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• Which fox lives in the warm climate, and
which lives in the cold climate.
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• Which fox lives in the warm climate, and
which lives in the cold climate.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which fox lives in the warm climate, and
which lives in the cold climate.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which fox lives in the warm climate, and
which lives in the cold climate.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which fox lives in the warm climate, and
which lives in the cold climate.
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• The Inuit of the Arctic are short and squat,
perfectly adapted for retaining heat in the
cold winter.
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• Who is more adapted to live in a hot dry
climate?
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• Who is more adapted to live in a hot dry
climate?
“I’m sweating like a wild
beast out here!”
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• Who is more adapted to live in a cold wet
climate?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“Get me out of
here!” “I’m
freezing!”

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
This Side:
One part of
the world
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
This Side:
One part of
the world
This Side:
Another part
of the world
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
This Side:
One part of
the world
Ex. S. America
This Side:
Another part
of the world
Ex. Asia and
Australia
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Convergent Evolution: Similar evolved
structures in unrelated animals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Convergent Evolution: Organisms evolve
similar shapes or structures, in response to
similar environmental conditions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy