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Sample & Assay Technologies
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Cancer stem cell biology and tumor metastasis
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Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Topics Will be Covered
Cancel stem cells (CSCs) overview
Key properties of tissue stem cells
Stem cell regulation and cancer
The CSCs hypothesis
Properties of CSCs
The EMT – CSC link
Pathways regulating CSC function
Epigenetic regulation of CSCs
Summary of QIAGEN product offerings
Questions
Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Key Properties of Tissue Stem Cells
Tissue stem cell has 2 key properties
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Self-renewable - the ability of going through numerous cycles of cell division
while maintaining its undifferentiated state
Differentiation - the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types
Transit-amplifying cell
The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is strictly regulated
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Typically divide slowly but retain the capacity for limitless self-renewal
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Division is asymmetric: produces one daughter and one committed progenitor (or transitamplifying) cell that undergoes a limited series of divisions
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The progeny of the transit-amplifying cell differentiate, producing a particular tissue
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The crucial role of the stem cell niche: control normal stem cell maintenance and self-renewal
Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Stem Cell Regulation and Cancer
Interactions between normal stem cells and the tissue stroma (niche)
Stem cell niches are specialized
microenvironments, discrete and
dynamic functional domains
Stem cell niches play crucial roles in the
control of normal stem cell maintenance
and self-renewal
Normal stem cells depend on the niche to limit their expansion
Stem cell niches influence stem cell behavior to govern tissue homeostasis
under diverse physiological and pathological conditions
Plasticity: Stem cell niches must be flexible in order to coordinate stem cell
behavior with homeostasis and repair; however, the plasticity of a niche may
be co-opted by cancers and chronic diseases
For cancer to develop, a population of self-renewing cells must arise The
Cancer Stem Cells Hypothesis
Michael F. Clarke & Margaret Fuller, Stem Cells and Cancer: Two Faces of Eve, Cell (2006), 124:1111.
Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
The Cancer Stem Cells Hypothesis
What is a cancer stem cell (CSC)?
Definition of CSC:
CSC is “a cell within a tumor that possesses the capacity to self-renew and to
cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor”
precisely defined by AACR in 2006
CSC is a small subset of cancerous population responsible for tumor initiation and
growth, which also possess the characteristic properties of quiescence, indefinite
self-renewal, intrinsic resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy and capability to give
rise to differentiated progeny (2012, J. Thorac. Oncol.)
J.D. O'Flaherty, M. Barr, D. Fennell, D. Richard, J. Reynolds, J. O'Leary, et al., The cancer stem-cell hypothesis: its emerging role in
lung cancer biology and its relevance for future therapy, J. Thorac. Oncol. (2012) 1880–1890.
Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Properties of Cancer Stem Cells
Two core traits: self-renewal and differentiation
Stem cell-like: share similar biological characteristics with physiological stem cells: selfrenewal and differentiation
Asymmetry: able to divide asymmetrically to yield daughter cells that remain as CSCs and
daughter cells that differentiate into the neoplastic cells forming the bulk of the tumor
Tumorigenicity: Have high tumorigenic capacity and are able to generate tumors with high
efficiency
Quiescence: Are often relatively quiescent and therefore may not be affected by therapies
targeting rapidly dividing cells – resistance
Heterogeneity: display phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in the same type of human
cancer
Plasticity: The plasticity of CSCs
Express unique surface biomarkers, allowing its isolation from non-tumorigenic cells in a
reproducible manner
Markers used for CSC isolation: CD34, CD38, CD44, CD24, CD90, CD133, ALDH
CSCs are fundamental driving force of tumor development, initiation of
invasion and metastasis as well as recurrence
DR Pattabiraman & R. A. Weinberg, Tackling the cancer stem cells - what challenges do they pose? Nature Reviews, 13:497, 2014
Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
The Markers of Cancer Stem Cells
Markers for CSC identification in solid tumor types
CSC markers are NOT universal for any cancer type, and need to be used
and defined with caution
Uncertainty in cancer stem cell markers: stringent validation in primary
human tumor samples is necessary
CSC markers are not exclusively expressed by CSCs, and they are
expressed by normal adult stem cells
JP Medema, Cancer stem cells: The challenges ahead, Nature Cell Biology, 14(4): 338, 2013
Jeffrey A. Magee, etc. Cancer Stem Cells: Impact, Heterogeneity, and Uncertainty, Cancer Cell 21: 283, 2012
Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
The Markers of Cancer Stem Cells
Commonly used CSC markers are expressed by normal adult
stem cells
Commonly used CSC markers, their expression and function in normal tissue
D.R. Pattabiraman & R. A. Weinberg, Tackling the cancer stem cells - what challenges do they pose? Nature Reviews, 13:497, 2014
Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
The Possible Origins of Cancer Stem Cells
The Cancer Stem Cells Hypothesis
How do cancer stem cells arise ?
Expansion of the stem cell niche - driven by alterations in the CSCs or
in the niche cells themselves
Alterations in cancer stem cells
Genetic or epigenetic alterations in cancer stem cells
Mutations may arise that imbue transit-amplifying progenitor cells with
the stem cell property of self-renewal
Regardless their origin, CSCs universally function in
maintaining the self-renewal behavior, and have
replication ability and the tumor heterogeneity.
CSCs are considered to be significantly responsible for
growth, metastasis, invasion and recurrence of all
cancers.
S Shukla & S Musthapa, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1840 (2014) 3494; Epigenetics of cancer stem
cells: Pathways and therapeutics
Title, Location, Date
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Tumor Microenvironment and CSCs – the Bed & the Bugs
The crosstalk between cancer stem cells and tumor
microenvironment – a model of cancer progression
Tumor microenvironment modulates CSCs
CSCs modify tumor microenvironment
CSCs are supported by the reactive tumor
microenvironment, such as hypoxia,
inflammation, and stromal desmoplasia
Tumor microenvironment determines the
fate of CSCs: cells release growth factors
and cytokines to promote CSC self renewal
and asymmetric division
Tumor microenvironment-derived factors
include: TGF-b, FGF, PDGF, IGF-1, EGF,
WNT, LIF, IL6, Hh
CSCs secrete soluble factors to promote
and modify tumor-supportive reactive tumor
microenvironment.
In breast cancer, TGF-b and VEGF activate
cancer-associated fibroblasts and induce
vascularization.
Z. Castanoa, The bed and the bugs: Interactions between the tumor
microenvironment and cancer stem cells, Seminars in Cancer Biology 22
(2012) 462– 470
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Sample & Assay Technologies
The role of CSCs in tumor immune escape
The model of tumor immunoediting (3E):
Elimination
Equilibrium
Escape
The immune privilege of CSCs
CSCs serve as the backbone of tumorigenesis which links the 3E of
cancer immunoediting
CSCs express membrane-bound and soluble factors, which enable them
to efficiently modulate immune responses and protect them against
immune-mediated destruction.
V.S. Bruttel & J. Wischhusen, Cancer stem cell immunology: key to understanding tumorigenesis and
tumor immune escape? Frontiers in immunology, 5, 360, 2014
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Sample & Assay Technologies
EMT and Cancer Stem Cells – Are They Linked?
Activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for
cancer cell dissemination and metastasis.
EMT activators:
SNAIL, TWIST and ZEB
CSCs acquire metastatic potential by undergoing an EMT
M. Angela Nietoa & Amparo Canob, The epithelial–mesenchymal transition under control: Global programs to regulate epithelial plasticity. Seminars in Cancer
Biology 22 (2012) 361
Thomas Brabletz, EMT and MET in Metastasis: Where Are the Cancer Stem Cells? Cancer Cell, (2012) 22, 699
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Signaling Pathways Regulating CSCs
Signaling pathways regulating CSC function
Diwakar R. Pattabiraman & Robert A. Weinberg, Tackling the cancer stem cells — what challenges do
they pose? Nature Reviews, 2014, 13, 497
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Epigenetic regulation of CSCs
Epigenetic reprogramming in origin of CSCs
Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of the embryonic and
adult stem cell transcriptional program, controlling self renewal and differentiation processes.
Role of DNA methylation
The abrogation of DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 expression blocked the leukemia development
Heterogeneity of the methylation of CD133 promoter between CD133+ and CD133- subpopulations
isolated from brain and epithelial ovarian cancer
Role of chromatin remodeling
Epigenetic chromatin modifiers PcG and Polycomb repressive complex (PRC) are involved in gene
repression and in the maintenance of stem-cell characteristics in CSCs
Role of microRNAs
Samriddhi Shukla, Syed Musthapa Meeran, Epigenetics of cancer stem cells: Pathways and therapeutics, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1840
(2014): 3494
Purificacion Munoza, etc. Epigenetic alterations involved in cancer stem cell reprogramming, Molecular Oncology, 6, 2012, 620
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Sample & Assay Technologies
The role of microRNAs in the regulation of CSCs
miRNAs have emerged as major regulators of stem cell
behavior in CSCs, and the deregulation of these miRNAs
promotes tumorigenesis.
Yohei Shimono, et al. Downregulation of miRNA-200c Links Breast Cancer Stem Cells with Normal Stem Cells. Cell (2009), 138, 592
Samriddhi Shukla, Syed Musthapa Meeran, Epigenetics of cancer stem cells: Pathways and therapeutics, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1840
(2014): 3494
Purificacion Munoza, etc. Epigenetic alterations involved in cancer stem cell reprogramming, Molecular Oncology, 6, 2012, 620
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Cancer Stem Cell Research Solutions at QIAGEN
Cancer Stem Cell PCR Array
Gene expression
miRNA Arrays
DNA Methylation
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Visit QIAGEN Cancer Research Portal
The most important signaling pathways and regulators involved in
tumor development and metastasis
Solutions & Technologies
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PCR array
miRNA array
siRNA and shRNA
Mutation analysis
Copy number analysis
Pathway reporter
Chromatin IP
DNA methylation
NGS
http://www.qiagen.com/us/products/genes%20and%20pathways/
research%20portals/cancer/
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Anatomy of an RT2 Profiler PCR Array
Genes of interest and all the relevant controls
84 pathway-specific genes of
interest
5 housekeeping genes
Genomic DNA contamination
control (GDC)
Reverse transcription controls
(RTC), n=3
Positive PCR controls (PPC),
n=3
B2M, HPRT, RPL13A, GAPDH, HGDC
Total RNA extraction
cDNA
mix with master mix & load the plate
run qPCR
data analysis
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Cancer Stem Cell Research: Gene expression at mRNA level
Built on pathway/network analysis
Cancer stem cells
Pathway
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Cancer stem cells
Apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis
Cancer pathway finder
Angiogenesis
Tumor metastasis
EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal
transition)
DNA damage
Oxidative stress
Telomeres and telomerase
Cellular senescence
p53 signaling
PI3K-AKT signaling
Myc targets
Cell cycle
Growth factors
mTOR signaling
Cancer drug targets
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer
http://www.qiagen.com/products/genes%20and%20pathways/complete%20biology%20list/
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Cancer Stem Cell RT2 Profiler PCR Array
Functional Gene Grouping
Cancer Stem Cell Markers
ABCB5, ALCAM, ALDH1A1 (RALDH1), ATXN1, BMI1 (PCGF4), CD24, CD34, CD38, CD44, ENG (EVI1), ETFA, FLOT2,GATA3, ITGA2, ITGA4 (CD49D), ITGA6, ITGB1, KIT (CD117), MS4A1, MUC1 (mucin), PECAM1, PROM1, PTPRC, THY1.
Cell Proliferation
EGF, ERBB2 (HER-2, NEU), KITLG (SCF), LIN28B, NOS2 (INOS).
Self-Renewal
BMP7, DNMT1, FGFR2.
Pluripotency
KLF4, LIN28A, MYC, NANOG, POU5F1 (Oct4), SOX2.
Asymmetric Division
FOXP1, HDAC1, MYCN, SIRT1, WNT1.
Cell Migration & Metastasis
AXL, ID1, CXCL8, KLF17, PLAT (TPA), PLAUR (UPAR), SNAI1 (SNAIL), TWIST1, TWIST2, ZEB1, ZEB2.
Loss of Stemness
ALDH1A1 (RALDH1), CD34, DACH1, FOXA2 (HNF3B), PECAM1, PTCH1.
Signal Transduction
Hippo Signaling: LATS1, MERTK, SAV1, TAZ, WWC1, YAP1.
Hedgehog Signaling: PTCH1, SMO.
Notch Signaling: DLL1 (DELTA1), DLL4, JAG1, MAML1, NOTCH1, NOTCH2.
WNT Signaling: DKK1, EPCAM, FZD7, WNT1.
AKT & PI3 Kinase / mTOR Signaling: ABCG2 (BCRP), GSK3B.
STAT / NFκB Signaling: IKBKB (IKKβ), JAK2, NFKB1.
Cancer Therapeutic Targets
ABCG2 (BCRP), ATM, AXL, CHEK1, DDR1, DKK1, EPCAM, FZD7, GSK3B, ID1, IKBKB (IKKβ), JAK2, KLF17, NFKB1,PTCH1, SMO, STAT3, T
GFBR1 (ALK5), WEE1.
http://www.qiagen.com/search/rt2-profiler-pcr-arrays?catno=PAHS-176Z#geneglobe
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) RT2 Profiler PCR Array
Functional Gene Grouping
Up-Regulated During Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
AHNAK, BMP1, CALD1, CAMK2N1, CDH2 (N-Cadherin), COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2, FN1, FOXC2, GNG11, GSC,IGFBP4, ITGA5, ITGAV,
MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MSN, SERPINE1 (PAI-1), SNAI1 (SNAIL), SNAI2, SNAI3, SOX10, SPARC,STEAP1, TCF4, TIMP1,
TMEFF1, TMEM132A, TWIST1, VCAN, VIM, VPS13A, WNT5A, WNT5B.
Down-Regulated During Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
CAV2, CDH1 (E-Cadherin), DSP, FGFBP1, IL1RN, KRT19, MST1R (RON), NUDT13, OCLN, DESI1, RGS2, SPP1, TFPI2,TSPAN13.
Differentiation & Development
AKT1, BMP1, BMP2, BMP7, COL3A1, COL5A2, CTNNB1, DSP, ERBB3, F11R, FOXC2, FZD7, GSC, JAG1, KRT14, MST1R(RON), NODAL, NOTC
H1, PTP4A1, SMAD2 (MADH2), SNAI1 (SNAIL), SNAI2, SOX10, TGFB2, TGFB3, TMEFF1, TWIST1,VCAN, WNT11, WNT5A, WNT5B.
Cell Morphogenesis
CTNNB1, FOXC2, JAG1, RAC1, SMAD2 (MADH2), SNAI1 (SNAIL), SOX10, TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TWIST1, WNT11,WNT5A.
Cell Growth & Proliferation
AKT1, BMP1, BMP7, CAV2, CTNNB1, EGFR (ERBB1), ERBB3, FGFBP1, FOXC2, IGFBP4, ILK, JAG1, MST1R (RON),NODAL, PDGFRB, TGFB1, T
GFB2, TGFB3, TIMP1, VCAN, ZEB1.
Cell Migration & Motility
CALD1, CAV2, EGFR (ERBB1), FN1, ITGB1, JAG1, MSN, MST1R (RON), NODAL, PDGFRB, RAC1, STAT3, TGFB1, VIM.
Cytoskeleton Regulators
CAV2, KRT7, MAP1B, PLEK2, RAC1, VIM.
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) & Cell Adhesion Molecules
BMP1, BMP7, CDH1 (E-Cadherin), CDH2 (NCadherin), COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2, CTNNB1, DSC2, EGFR (ERBB1),ERBB3, F11R, FN1, FOXC2, ILK, ITGA5, ITGAV, ITGB1, MMP2, MMP3,
MMP9, PTK2 (FAK), RAC1, SERPINE1 (PAI-1),SPP1, TGFB1, TGFB2, TIMP1, VCAN.
Signal Transduction
Estrogen Receptor Signaling: CAV2, ESR1 (ERα), KRT19, TGFB3.
G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling: AKT1, FZD7, GNG11, RAC1, RGS2.
Integrin-Mediated Signaling: COL3A1, ILK, ITGA5, ITGAV, ITGB1, PTK2 (FAK).
Notch Signaling: FOXC2, JAG1, NOTCH1.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling: EGFR (ERBB1), ERBB3, PDGFRB, RGS2, SPARC.
TGFβ / BMP Signaling: BMP1, BMP2, BMP7, COL3A1, SMAD2 (MADH2), TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3.
WNT Signaling: CTNNB1, FZD7, GSK3B, WNT11, WNT5A, WNT5B.
Transcription Factors
CTNNB1, ESR1 (ERα), FOXC2, GSC, NOTCH1, GEMIN2, SMAD2 (MADH2), SNAI2, SNAI3, SOX10, STAT3, TCF3, TCF4,TWIST1, ZEB1, ZEB2
http://www.qiagen.com/search/rt2-profiler-pcr-arrays?catno=PAHS-0906Z#geneglobe
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Cancer Stem Cell Research: Gene expression at mRNA level
Key signaling pathways involved in CSCs
TGFβ / BMP Signaling Pathway
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
Notch Signaling Pathway
WNT Signaling Pathway
Hippo Signaling Pathway
JAK / STAT Signaling Pathway
Polycomb & Trithorax Complexes
Polycomb & Trithorax Target Genes
Title, Location, Date
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Human
Mouse
Rat
Rhesus macaque
Drosophila
Dog
Pig
PCR arrays are available for 14 species!
Cow
Chicken
Horse
Zebrafish
Rabbit
CHO (Chinese hamster ovary)
C.elegans
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Custom PCR arrays – Create your own panels
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RNA-seq verification
Biomarker discovery
CRISPR / RNAi knockdown verification
Bioprocessing optimization
Biological response investigation
Interspecies study (14 species available)
Email: [email protected]
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Isolation of miRNA and miRNA profiling
Profile miRNAs with miScript
miRNA PCR Arrays
miRNeasy
Isolation
Target Identification
miRNA
Studies
Expression
miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Function
miRNA mimics & inhibitors
http://www.qiagen.com/us/products/catalog/assay-technologies/mirna/miscript-mirna-pcr-arrays/
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Cancer Stem Cells miScript miRNA PCR Array
Functional Gene Grouping
Pluripotency & Differentiation: let-7a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-134-5p, miR-137, miR-145-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p,
miR-183-5p, miR-184, miR-200a-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-320d, miR-34a-5p.
Self-Renewal & Proliferation: miR-134-5p, miR-137, miR-141-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-184, miR-200b-3p, miR-203a, miR21-5p, miR-296-5p, miR-302a-3p, miR-429, miR-9-5p, miR-96-5p.
Migration & Metastasis: let-7a-5p, let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7d-5p, let-7e-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7g-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-16-5p, miR17-5p, miR-181b-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-302a-3p, miR-373-3p, miR-517a-3p, miR-9-5p.
Oncogenesis & Tumor Suppression: let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7d-5p, let-7e-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7g-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-181b-5p,
miR-373-3p, miR-517a-3p.
Differentially Expressed miRNAs:
Upregulated: miR-105-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-135b-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR150-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-16-2-3p, miR-193a-3p, miR-199b-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-25-3p, miR299-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-31-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-455-3p, miR-455-5p, miR-494-3p, miR-516a-5p, miR-522-3p, miR744-5p.
Downregulated: miR-103a-3p, miR-10a-5p, miR-1181, miR-1207-5p, miR-128-3p, miR-130a-3p, miR-15a-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-1855p, miR-425-5p, miR-451a, miR-486-5p, miR-548d-5p, miR-636.
Regulated: miR-107, miR-142-5p, miR-151a-3p, miR-365a-3p.
http://www.qiagen.com/search/miscript-mirna-pcr-arrays?catno=MIHS-118Z#geneglobe
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Sample & Assay Technologies
miScript miRNA PCR System
Complete miRNA quantification system
1. miScript II RT Kit
HiFlex Buffer: Unparalleled flexibility for miRNA and
mRNA quantification from a single cDNA preparation
HiSpec Buffer: Unmatched specificity for mature miRNA profiling
2. miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
miRNome
Pathway-focused
3. miScript PreAMP Kit
Optional step for small or precious samples
Full miRNome profiling from as little as 1 ng RNA
4. Assays
miScript Primer Assays
miScript Precursor Assays
QuantiTect Primer Assays
5. miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit
QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Master Mix
Universal Primer
6. miScript miRNA PCR Array data analysis software
Straightforward, free data analysis
Pre-formatted, single use PCR arrays with wet-lab verified assays
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Sample & Assay Technologies
miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Workflow
1.
2.
1. Isolate total RNA
1 hour
2. Perform Reversetranscription
3.
2 minutes
3. Prepare PCR pre-mix
4.
2 hours
4. Load PCR arrays & Perform
real-time PCR
5. Analyze data
5.
15 minutes
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Sample & Assay Technologies
DNA Methylation Profiling
EpiTect Methyl qPCR Array workflow
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Breast Cancer
Colon Cancer
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
Gastric Cancer
Leukemia & Lymphoma
Liver Cancer
Lung Cancer
Melanoma
Prostate Cancer
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Apoptosis
Cell Cycle
Cytokine Production
DNA Repair
Homeobox (HOX) Genes
Inflammatory Response and Autoimmunity
Mental Disorders
Notch Signaling Pathway
Polycomb & Trithorax Complexes
Stem Cell Transcription Factors
Stress & Toxicity
T Cell and B Cell Activation
T Helper Cell Differentiation
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Toll Like Receptor Signaling
TGF-β/BMP Signaling
Wnt Signaling
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Cignal Reporter Arrays or Assays
Measure signaling pathway activity in cultured cells
Cancer 10-pathway Reporter Array
■ Dual-luciferase format
■ GFP format
■ DNA and Lenti assay
■ 45 signaling pathways
http://www.qiagen.com/search/cignal-reporter-assay-kits
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Sample & Assay Technologies
We provide service – send samples to us & receive results
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Whole Genome
Illumina Gene Expression Profiling
Illumina Genotyping
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Pathway / Focused Panel
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Individual Gene / Locus
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Mutation Profiling
Methylation
PCR Array
miRNA PCR Array
NGS
Mutation Detection
Methylation
qPCR
NGS
Sample Preparation – DNA, RNA Extraction and
Purification
Cells, Tissue or Biofluids
Fixed Tissue
Small Sample
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http://www.qiagen.com/products/catalog/services/
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Topics covered today
Cancel stem cells (CSCs) overview
Key properties of tissue stem cells
Stem cell regulation and cancer
The CSCs hypothesis
Properties of CSCs
The EMT – CSC link
Pathways regulating CSC function
Epigenetic regulation of CSCs
Summary of QIAGEN product offerings
Questions
Cancer Stem Cells
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Sample & Assay Technologies
Questions?
Thank you for attending today’s webinar!
Contact QIAGEN
Call: 1-800-426-8157
Email: [email protected]
Wei Cao, Ph.D.
[email protected]
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