Download adjectives - Settore Abilità Linguistiche

DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICO VETERINARIE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Settore Abilità Linguistiche
(ex- Centro Linguistico)
http://www.cla.unipr.it
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http://www.cla.unipr.it
> Collaboratori Linguistici
> Frederick
> Medicina Veterinaria
for
General information
Office hours – ‘ricevimento’
Dispensa – texts to study
Past papers
Exam results
OFFICE:
Dipartimento di Economia
Padiglione Feroldi
0521-032451
(Plesso Via D’Azeglio)
• e-mail:
• [email protected]
Professor in charge
Prof. Antonio Ubaldi
Also
Dott.ssa Antonella Fusari
‘Diagnostica e Tossicologia Sperimentale’
Course
Programme:
Reading authentic ‘scientific’ and semi-scientific’ texts
1. comprehension of written texts
2. lexis for Animal science
3. word formation
4. structures
PETS and PRODUCTION ANIMALS
Topics: anatomy, companion animals, case studies, animal
management/husbandry, production animals, horses,
veterinary issues eg. animal welfare
Duration: 10 weeks
Attendance: reccommened, not compulsory
Materials
• articles from textbooks, periodicals (New
Scientist, Scientific American). specialist
journals, encyclopaedias, the Internet etc.
• worksheets and slides available in a ‘dispensa’
on webpage (www.cla.unipr.it)
The exam
The exam
General information:
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prova di ‘idoneità’ = no mark > pass or fail
written paper only
duration – approx 1 hour
Exam exercises:
1. Text Comprehension: text-type, subtitles, true or false,
question and answer, sentence cloze, short translations
2. Vocabulary: translation of terms from English to Italian
and vice versa; text completion (cloze)
Let’s start …
What is veterinary medicine?
Write a definition
Your suggestions …?
It is the science that takes care
of animals and their health in
order to provide a better life for
them and for humans.
What is veterinary medicine?
We are going to look at a text
which tells us what veterinary
medicine is.
A definition
Veterinary medicine is the application of medical,
diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to
companion, domestic, production animals and
wildlife.
How many categories of animal are mentioned?
4
companion, domestic, production, wildlife
Can you name the most common animals in each category?
companion animals = pets
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cats
dogs
parrots
rabbits
guinea pigs
mice
production animals = farm animals
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cattle
sheep
pigs
chickens
turkeys
rabbits
A horse can be …
a pet?
a production animal
(in some countries)
In this lesson
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reading
Word building
Useful Vocabulary
Grammar (passive)
Word building
It is important to be able to recognise the
words you read.
Recognise means
(1) Understanding the meaning
(2) Understanding whether it is a noun, a
verb, an adjective or an adverb.
Derivatives
Derivatives are words that are made/built from other
words.
Which words can you make from the word ‘science’?
But first .. is ‘science’ a noun - verb – adjective - adverb
science = noun
scientist = noun
scientific = adjective
scientifically = adverb
medicine
medic
medical
medically
vet
How many words can you make from ‘vet’?
noun
veterinarian (a person)
adjective
veterinary
eg. veterinary science, veterinary surgeon,
veterinary practice, veterinary issues
adjectives …
Veterinary medicine is the application of medical,
diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to
companion, domestic, production animals and
wildlife.
Make nouns from the adjectives:
medical
medicine
diagnostic
diagnosis
therapeutic
therapy
nouns ..
Veterinary medicine is the application of medical,
diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to
companion, domestic, production animals and
wildlife.
Find derivatives of:
production = noun
produce = verb
application (noun)
produce = noun
apply (verb)
productive = adjective
companion (noun)
productivity = noun
company (noun)
accompany (verb)
companionable (adj)
noun endings = tion
produce
production
prevent
prevention
specialise
specialisation
examine
examination
acquire
acquisition
nb. other noun endings
-er : dancer, painter, reader, writer
-hood : falsehood, motherhood,
likelihood
-ism : buddism, socialism
-ist : nationalist, racist, socialist
-ity : charity, identity
-ness : idleness, kindness. lightness
-or :
author, governor, victor,
-ee : trainee, addressee, employee
-th :
width, length, depth, growth
-ment: development, entertainment
Now you .. build words
emerge
particular
know
infection
prevent
emerge = verb
verb
emerge
noun
emergence
emersion
noun
emergency
adjective
emergent
emerging (can also be a gerund)
particular = adj
adjective
particular
adverb
particularly
know
verb
know
noun
knowledge
adjective
knowledgeable (someone who knows a lot about something)
known (It. conosciuto – past participle)
unknown (It. conosciuto - negative)
Infection = noun
noun
infection
verb
infect
adjective
infectious*
*an infectious disease, an infectious condition
prevent = verb
verb
prevent
noun
prevention
adjective
preventive
adverb
preventively
Complete the paragraphs (2,3)
• Veterinary medicine requires the acquisition and
application of scientific 1......................... (know)
in multiple disciplines and uses technical skills
directed at disease 2.................... (prevent) in
both domestic and wild animals.
• 3....................... (emerge) zoonotic diseases
around the globe require capabilities in
epidemiology and 4.................... (infection)
disease surveillance that are 5....................
(particular) well-suited to veterinary science's
"herd health" approach.
Fill the spaces with a derivative of the word in
brackets.
answers
• Veterinary medicine requires the acquisition and
knowledge
application of scientific .1........................
in
multiple disciplines and uses technical skills
prevention in both
directed at disease .2...................
domestic and wild animals.
• ...3....................
Emerging zoonotic diseases around the
globe require capabilities in epidemiology and
infectious disease surveillance that are
..4..................
particularly well-suited to veterinary science's
5....................
"herd health" approach.
What are zoonotic diseases?
Diseases transmitted to humans from animals.
Which science studies epidemics?
Epidemiology
Is scientific English easy?
Yes!!
NOUNS
How many of these nouns are not of Latin or Greek origin?
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medicine
application
study
animal
science
spread
protection
human
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capability
epidemiology
surveillance
control
approach
herd
health
Scientific English is easy …
... only 3 out of 15 words are of Germanic origin!
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medicine
application
study
animal
science
spread*
protection
human
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capability
epidemiology
surveillance
control
approach
herd*
health*
Adjectives. Which is the odd-man-out?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
medical
diagnostic
domestic
vital
scientific
technical
careful
zoonotic
Adjectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
medical
diagnostic
domestic
vital
scientific
technical
careful (germanic origin)
zoonotic
Exam type exercise
Completing a text …
(1) with content words (dog, cow)
(2) with linking words (because, so …)
(3) with grammatical words (of, was …)
Ways of linking ideas in a text
but
and
or
so
because
because (of)
in order to (to)
Which word
indicates …?
contrast
addition
an alternative
a reason
a result
a purpose
Write in the missing words
Veterinary medicine is as old as the human/animal bond
1. .............. in recent years has expanded exponentially
2. .............. the availability* of advanced diagnostic and
therapeutic techniques for most species.
Animals nowadays often receive advanced medical, dental,
and surgical care 3. ................. insulin injections, hip
replacements and pacemakers.
4 ................. become a specialist, a veterinarian must
complete additional training after graduation from
veterinary school 5. ................. an internship and then pass
a rigorous examination.
including - because of - in order to - in the form of - but
Paras 4,5,6
but
• Veterinary medicine is as old as the human/animal bond 1. ..............
because of the
in recent years has expanded exponentially 2. ..............
availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for
most species.
• Animals nowadays often receive advanced medical, dental, and
including insulin injections, hip replacements
surgical care 3. .................
and pacemakers.
In order to become a specialist, a veterinarian must complete
• 4. .................
additional training after graduation from veterinary school 5.
in the form of an internship and then pass a rigorous
.................
examination.
How has animal care developed recently?
There has been an expansion in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.
What are some examples of advanced medical care?
Insulin injections, hip replacements, and pacemakers.
What must a specialist veterinarian do after graduation?
An internship and a rigorous examination.
Exam type exercise
Finding key words in a text.
Either …
… you already know the word and recognize it.
… you don’t know the word but you can infer it
from the context.
nb. the grammatical category …
Find the English equivalent of the Italian terms.
7. Veterinarians assist in
ensuring the quality,
quantity, and safety of
food supplies by working
to maintain the health of
livestock and inspecting
the meat itself. Veterinary
scientists occupy
important positions in
biological, chemical,
agricultural and
pharmaceutical research.
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cibo
salute
sicurezza
carne
ricerca
scorte (provviste)
bestiame
Find the English equivalent of the Italian
terms.
7. Veterinarians assist in
ensuring the quality,
quantity, and safety of food
supplies by working to
maintain the health of
livestock and inspecting the
meat itself. Veterinary
scientists occupy important
positions in biological,
chemical, agricultural and
pharmaceutical research.
• scorte
supplies
• sicurezza
safety
• ricerca
research
• bestiame
livestock
• salute
health
• carne
meat
• cibo
food
Para 7
Veterinarians assist in ensuring the quality, quantity, and
safety of food supplies by working to maintain the health
of livestock and inspecting the meat itself. Veterinary
scientists occupy important positions in biological,
chemical, agricultural and pharmaceutical research.
Grammar:
How many --- ing forms are there?
3
Are they derived from verbs, nouns or adjectives?
Verbs: ensure, work, inspect
What grammatical category are they in the text?
Gerunds (or … nouns derived from verbs)
Why?
Because prepositions (in, by) cannot be followed by verbs…
Para 7
Veterinarians assist in ensuring the quality, quantity, and
safety of food supplies by working to maintain the health
of livestock and inspecting the meat itself. Veterinary
scientists occupy important positions in biological,
chemical, agricultural and pharmaceutical research.
Grammar:
How many adjectives are there?
6
What is a typical adjective ending?
- al
What do these –al adjectives derive from?
Nouns: biology, chemistry, agriculture, pharmacy, pharmaceutics
Pronunciation …!
biology, chemistry,
Now the adjectives …
agriculture, pharmacy, pharmaceutics
The next paragraph of our definition …
Find more words in the text …
Find the English equivalent of the Italian
terms.
8. In many countries, equine
veterinary medicine is a
specialised field. Clinical work
with horses involves mainly
locomotor and orthopedic
problems, digestive tract
disorders (including equine
colic, which is a major cause of
death among domesticated
horses), and respiratory tract
infections and disease.
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campo
paesi
disturbi
malattia
morte
cavalli
Find the English equivalent of the Italian
terms.
8. In many countries,
equine veterinary
medicine is also a
specialized field. Clinical
work with horses involves
mainly locomotor and
orthopedic problems,
digestive tract disorders
(including equine colic,
which is a major cause of
death among
domesticated horses),
and respiratory tract
infections and disease.
• paesi
countries
• campo
field
• cavalli
horses
• disturbi
disorders
• morte
death
• malattia
disease
Collocations
Collocations is the name used to indicate
words that are often found together.
Collocations
• Adjective and noun collocations
Find the collocations
8. In many countries, equine veterinary medicine is a
specialised field. Clinical work with horses involves mainly
locomotor and orthopedic problems, digestive tract
disorders (including equine colic, which is a major cause of
death among domesticated horses), and respiratory tract
infections and disease.
adjective – noun collocations:
Which word is used with cause?
Which word is used with problems
Which word is used with field?
Which word is used with work?
Which word is used with colic?
Which word is used with horses?
Last paragraphs …
Do the cloze test.
professions
trustworthy
undergraduate
needs
9. As in the human health field, veterinary medicine
requires a diverse group of individuals to meet the
…………..of patients. Veterinarians must complete four
years of study in a veterinary school following 3–4 years
of ……………… pre-veterinary work.
10. It is widely believed that veterinary school is the
hardest to gain acceptance into among the various
medical …………………. . In fact, among medical
practitioners, veterinarians are routinely ranked the most
intelligent and ………………… .
professions
trustworthy
undergraduate
needs
9. As in the human health field, veterinary medicine
requires a diverse group of individuals to meet the
needs
…………..of
patients. Veterinarians must complete four
years of study in a veterinary school following 3–4 years
undergraduate pre-veterinary work.
of ………………
10.It is widely believed that veterinary school is the
hardest to gain acceptance into among the various
medical ………………….
professions . In fact, among medical
practitioners, veterinarians are routinely ranked the most
trustworthy
intelligent and …………………
.
Questions
How many years in total does a vet have to study (US)?
7/8
Is it easy or difficult to get into a veterinary school (US)?
Difficult
What according to this text are the characteristics of veterinarians?
Very intelligent and trustworthy
And finally ….
scope
patients
team
treat
skills
sick
11. Vets are expected to diagnose and 1....................
animals of different species without the benefit of verbal
communication with their 2.................. . In addition to
veterinarians, many veterinary hospitals utilize a
3.……………. of veterinary technicians and veterinary
assistants to provide care for both 4.…………. and
healthy animals.
• Paraveterinary workers, including veterinary nurses,
technicians and assistants, either assist vets in their
work, or may work within their own 5……….. of practice,
depending on 6………….. and qualifications.
patients
team
scope skills
treat sick
treat
11.Vets are expected to diagnose and 1....................
animals of different species without the benefit of verbal
patients . In addition to
communication with their 2..................
veterinarians, many veterinary hospitals utilize a
team
3.…………….
of veterinary technicians and veterinary
assistants to provide care for both 4.………….
and
sick
healthy animals.
12. Paraveterinary workers, including veterinary nurses,
technicians and assistants, either assist vets in their work,
or may work within their own 5……..…..
scope of practice,
skills
depending on 6…………..
and qualifications.
True or False?
It is more difficult for a veterinarian to make a diagnosis.
True
Paraveterinary workers do not work with veterinarians.
False
Grammar: passive
The passive form is frequently used in
formal or scientific texts.
Passive: to be + past participle
1.They treated the boxer for an injury last
year.
This boxer was treated for an injury last
year.
2. Nobody has seen the missing cat since
yesterday.
The missing cat hasn’t been seen since
yesterday.
Now you …!
Veterinarians often perform hip replacement
operations.
Hip replacement operations ……………
People attach more importance to animal welfare
nowadays.
More importance ……………………………
Vaccinations can control the spread of many
diseases.
The spread of many diseases ………………
People hunted elephants almost to extinction.
Elephants ……………………………………..
Now you …!
Veterinarians often perform hip replacement operations.
Hip replacement operations are often performed by
veterinarians.
People attach more importance to animal welfare
nowadays.
More importance is attached to animal welfare nowadays.
Vaccinations can control the spread of many diseases.
The spread of many diseases can be controlled by
vaccinations.
People hunted elephants almost to extinction in Africa.
Elephants were hunted almost to extinction in Africa.
Forma impersonale
si dice che, se crede che, ci si aspetta che, si sostiene che
Per rendere la forma impersonale si usa il passivo di un
‘reporting’ verb.
Reporting verbs: believe, claim, estimate, expect, feel,
know, report, say, think, understand
informale:
We know vets treat different species of animals. (sappiamo che)
formale:
Vets are known to treat different species of animals. (si sa che)
soggetto + passivo (del reporting verb) + to
Forma impersonale
soggetto + passivo (reporting verb) + to
People believe that vet school is the hardest to gain
acceptance into.
Vet school ……….
People think that horse breeders earn a lot of money.
Horse breeders …………..
We know that veterinary science is a complex discipline.
Veterinary science ……………….
Forma impersonale
soggetto + passivo (reporting verb) + to
People believe that vet school is the hardest to gain
acceptance into.
Vet school is believed to be the hardest to gain acceptance
into.
People think that horse breeders earn a lot of money.
Horse breeders are thought to earn a lot of money.
We know that veterinary science is a complex discipline.
Veterinary science is known to be a complex discipline.
Extra - if time …
Linking words
Linking words
se .. ma…e … siccome … dato che … o …
anche se … tuttavia … nonostante …
Text organisers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
and
but
or
so
because
because of
in order to
8. as
9. since
9. thus
10. however
11. although
12 as well as
13 therefore
Which introduce(s) a result?
Which introduce(s) a reason?
Which introduces a purpose?
answers
RESULT
CONTRAST
so
but
therefore
however
although
ALTERNATIVE
or
REASON
ADDITION
because
and
because of
as well as
as
since
PURPOSE
in order to
A bit of music …?
“What a wonderful world …”
(or … Don’t know much about …)
by Sam Cooke