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LINEAR & EXPONENTIAL GROWTH 4 MOST POPULATED COUNTRIES 1.CHINA 2.INDIA 3.UNITED STATES 4.INDONESIA ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT THE IMPACT OF A PERSON OR COMMUNITY ON THE ENVIRONMENT, EXPRESSED AS THE AMOUNT OF LAND REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN THEIR USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES. ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT THE IMPACT OF A PERSON OR COMMUNITY ON THE ENVIRONMENT, EXPRESSED AS THE AMOUNT OF LAND REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN THEIR USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES. RULE OF 70 PRACTICE QUESTION #1 •50,000 100,000 IS ONE DOUBLING TIME •GROWTH RATE = 2% •𝐷𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = •2012 + 35 YEARS = 2047 70 𝑟 = 70 2 = 35 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 PRACTICE QUESTION #1 •100,000 200,000 IS ONE DOUBLING TIME •GROWTH RATE = 2% •𝐷𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = •2047 + 35 YEARS = 2082 70 𝑟 = 70 2 = 35 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 PRACTICE QUESTION #2 •12 MILLION 24 MILLION IS ONE DOUBLING TIME •DOUBLING TIME = 20 YEARS •20 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 70 𝑟 = 70 𝑥 𝑋 = 3.5% Characteristic Developed Countries Developing Countries Per Capita GDP high low Industrialization high low Infant Mortality low high Per Capita F.F. Use high low Ecological Footprint high high GHG Emissions high low Heart Disease Risk high low Infectious Disease Risk low high EARTH’S RESOURCES RENEWABLE •WATER •WIND •FORESTS •SUN NONRENEWABLE •COAL •OIL •NATURAL GAS •PRECIOUS METALS DEFINE THE FOLLOWING… •TOTAL FERTILITY RATE: ESTIMATE OF THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN THAT EACH WOMAN IN A POPULATION WILL BEAR THROUGHOUT HER CHILDBEARING YEARS •REPLACEMENT LEVEL FERTILITY: THE TOTAL FERTILITY RATE REQUIRED TO OFFSET THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF DEATHS IN A POPULATION IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN THE CURRENT POPULATION SIZE DEFINE THE FOLLOWING… •INFANT MORTALITY RATE: THE NUMBER OF DEATHS OF CHILDREN UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS •CRUDE BIRTH RATE: THE NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER 1,000 INDIVIDUALS PER YEAR •CRUDE DEATH RATE: THE NUMBER OF DEATHS PER 1,000 INDIVIDUALS PER YEAR TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS •TENDENCY OF A SHARED, LIMITED RESOURCE TO BECOME DEPLETED BECAUSE PEOPLE ACT FROM SELFINTEREST FOR SHORT-TERM GAIN. •EXAMPLES: LORAX (FORESTRY), FISHERIES, GRAZING LANDS, PUBLIC LANDS IN GENERAL LOGISTIC GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH •CRUDE BIRTH RATE: 45 •CRUDE DEATH RATE: 20 •IMMIGRATION RATE: 1% •EMIGRATION RATE: 0.5% 1% OF 1,O00 IS 10 0.5% OF 1,000 IS 5 POPULATION GROWTH • 45+10 −[20+5] • 10 = 3% 𝐶𝐵𝑅+𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 −[𝐶𝐷𝑅+𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛] 10 POSITIVE FEEDBACK - PUSHING DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AGE STRUCTURE DIAGRAMS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK - NARROW ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS ORGANIC •FROM LIVING THINGS •C + H •SUGAR •PROTEINS •STARCH INORGANIC •NONLIVING •CARBON DIOXIDE •NITRATES •CHALK SURVIVORSHIP CURVES