Download Bill of Rights

th
11
Grade
TAKS Review
Political Influences on
United States History
Magna Carta


The Magna Carta was
signed by King John
in 1215.
It asserted the right
of British citizens to



A trial by jury
No imprisonment
without a trial
No taxation except by
approval of Parliament
1215
1492

Christopher Columbus
arrived in the
Americas.
Colombian Exchange

A series of interactions between the
Native Americans and Europeans.
1607


Jamestown, Virginia
First permanent English
settlement in North America.
English Bill of Rights
1689


Passed by Parliament in
1689.
English rights reinforced:

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
no taxation
right to petition
individual rights
American
Revolutionary Period
1776



Declaration of
Independence signed.
Start of the
Revolutionary War.
United States
established as an
independent nation.
Representative Government

A system of government
in which power is held by
the people and their will
is carried out by elected
representatives.
Declaration of
Independence




July 4, 1776
Written by Thomas
Jefferson
American colonies
declare independence
from England
List of grievances against
King George III
Declaration of
Independence

The Declaration states
the two major principles
on which the Constitution
is based:


Government gets its power
from the consent of the
governed.
All men are created equal
and have unalienable
rights.
Thomas Jefferson


Main author of the
Declaration of
Independence
3rd President
Unalienable Rights



Rights/Privileges according
to the Declaration of
Independence.
These rights cannot be
taken away.
Unalienable Rights are:



Life
Liberty
Pursuit of happiness
Grievances
=
Complains
Colonial Grievances





Taxation without
consent (permission)
No representation
No trial by jury
Quartering troops
Standing armies in
peace time
Revolution



Armed rebellion
Uprising against the
government or
authority
A period of great
change
Independence

Free from influence or
control of other
nations, sovereign.
American
Revolution


The war of
independence fought
between Britain and
13 of its colonies in
North America
1775-1783
George Washington


Leader of the
Continental Army
during the Revolution
1st president of the
United States
Lexington and Concord
(1775)

Battles that started
the American
Revolution.
Battle of Saratoga
(1777)



Colonist victory over
British.
Turning point in
Revolutionary War.
French offer help to
colonists.
Battle of Yorktown (1781)



Colonists defeated the
British.
The British surrendered.
End of military struggle.
Treaty of Paris (1783)



Ended the
Revolutionary War.
British recognized
colonists’
independence.
British gave colonists
all the lands
stretching west of the
Mississippi River.
Confederation

An alliance of states
where states have the
majority of the power
and retain their
sovereignty.
Articles of Confederation

First government of
United States from
1781 – 1788.



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
State sovereignty
Weak national
government
No standing army
No power to tax
No courts
No executive
U.S. Constitution
and
Bill of Rights
1787


U.S. Constitution
written at
Constitutional
Convention in
Philadelphia
Ratification of
Constitution and
Federalist Papers in
1788.
Philadelphia
Convention



1787
Constitutional convention
resulted in creation of
FEDERAL government
(separate executive,
judicial and legislative
branches)
Convention replaced the
Articles of Confederation
and wrote the U.S.
Constitution
Principles of the
U.S. Constitution


Basic law and
government of the United
States
Based on 7 principles:

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

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Republicanism
Popular sovereignty
Federalism
Limited government
Separation of power
Checks and balances
Individual rights
Republicanism

The idea that government
is controlled by the people
who hold power and elect
representatives, giving
those representatives
power to make and enforce
laws.
Popular Sovereignty

All political power
rests with the people
who can create, alter,
and abolish
government.
Limited Government


Limits are placed on
the powers of
government
Everyone, including
all authority figures,
must obey the laws
Checks and Balances


Each branch of the
government shares its
power and checks the
other two.
Prevents any branch
of government from
becoming too
powerful.
Federalism

Distribution of the
powers of
government between
a central (federal)
government and the
regional (states)
governments.
=1
= 50
Separation of Powers

Form of government
organized in three
branches



A legislative branch
(Congress)
An executive branch (the
President)
A judicial branch (Supreme
Court)
Individual Rights

The rights of the people
protected in the Bill of
Rights including:



Economic rights related to
property
Political rights related to
freedom of speech and
press
personal rights related to
bearing arms and
maintaining private
residences
Federalist Papers



Newspaper articles in
New York state.
Explained reasons
why people should
adopt the new US
constitution.
Authors: Alexander
Hamilton, James
Madison, John Jay.
Ratify

Approve
Amendments

The way of making
changes to the U.S.
Constitution
Bill of Rights


First ten amendments
to the Constitution
(ratified in 1791)
First Amendment:
Religious and Political Freedom

States that “Congress
shall make no law”
restricting freedom
of:





Speech
Press
Religion
Assembly
Petition
Second Amendment:
Right to Bear Arms

Guarantees the right
of states to organize
militias, or armies,
and the right of
individuals to bear
arms.
Third Amendment:
Quartering of Troops

Soldiers cannot be
housed in people’s
homes unless it is
approved by law.
Fourth Amendment:
Search and Seizure


Protects citizens from
unreasonable searches
and seizures.
If a judge believes the
search is reasonable, a
search warrant will be
granted.
Fifth Amendment:
Rights of the Accused



This amendment protects an
accused person from having to
testify against him or herself (selfincrimination).
It bans double jeopardy (tried twice
for the same crime)
It guarantees that no citizen may be
deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law – certain
legal procedures that must be
carried out before a person can be
punished.
Sixth Amendment:
Right to a Speedy, Public Trial

Guarantees a fair and
impartial trial to those
accused of a crime.

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
Accused must be told
of the charges.
Accused has a right to
a trial by jury.
Accused has a right to
be represented by a
lawyer.
Seventh Amendment:
Trial by Jury in Civil Cases

Guarantees
individuals the
right to a jury trial
in many noncriminal matters.
Eighth Amendment:
Limits of Fines and Punishment


Federal courts can not
require an unusually
high bail.
No one can be
punished in an cruel
and unusual way.
United States
History
1800 to 1877
Nullify
Nullification Crisis


Attempt by South Carolina to
nullify of federal law in 1832.
Issue->high federal tariffs

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South Carolina protested/refused to
pay
President Jackson ->Force Act
South Carolina backed down
Southerners favored freedom of
trade and believed in the
authority of states over the
federal government.
Southerners declared federal
protective tariffs null and void.
Dred Scott v. Sandford

Supreme Court case
that ruled that African
Americans were not
citizens of the U.S.
Abolitionist Movement

The movement to end
slavery in the United
States.
Plantation System

A system of
agricultural
production based on
large-scale land
ownership and use of
slave labor.
States’ Rights

A view held by Southerners before the Civil War
that the states were sovereign and had rights
independent of the federal government and law.
States’ Rights

The idea that states
had the right to
control all issues/laws
in their state not
specifically given to
the federal
government by the
specific words of the
Constitution.
States’ Rights

It was used mostly by
Southern states to
argue that they had
the right to nullify
federal laws they did
not agree with.
Secession


= to withdraw
11 of the
Southern states
separated from
the United States
and formed their
own country =
Confederate
States of America.
1861-1865

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
Dates of the Civil War
between North and
South.
War between the States,
began with Ft. Sumter
and ended at Appomattox
Courthouse
Major battles:

Gettysburg and Vicksburg
Civil War

The U.S. Civil War (18611865) resulted from years
of conflict between
competing sectional
interests – including


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slavery
States’ rights
conflicting economic and
social structures of the
North and South.
Emancipation
Proclamation


Issued by Abraham
Lincoln on September
22, 1862
It declared that all
slaves in the rebellious
Confederate states
would be free.
Gettysburg
Address


Speech given by
Abraham Lincoln
which captured the
spirit of liberty and
morality ideally held
by citizens of a
democracy.
That ideal was
threatened by the
Civil War.
Reconstruction
(1867-1877)
Reconstruction Amendments
 13th
amendment: 1865
 14th amendment : 1868
 15th amendment : 1870
th
13
Amendment

A Reconstruction
amendment that freed
slaves in the United States
th
14
Amendment

A Reconstruction
amendment, which
declared that all
persons born in the
U.S. were citizens and
were entitled to equal
rights.
th
15
Amendment

A Reconstruction
amendment that
granted black men
the right to vote.