Download JAVA DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (JDBC)

JAVA DATABASE
CONNECTIVITY
(JDBC)
1
Overview
Introduction
 JDBC in Use
 Relational databases
 SQL
 Manipulating databases with JDBC

2
Introduction

A database is an organized collection of data.

A database management system (DBMS)
provides mechanisms for storing, organizing,
retrieving and modifying data for many users.

Database management systems allow for the
access and storage of data without concern
for the internal representation of data.
3
Introduction

Today's most popular database systems
are relational databases.

A language called SQL is the international
standard language used almost universally
with relational databases to perform
queries (i.e., to request information that
satisfies given criteria) and to manipulate
data.
4
Introduction

Some popular relational database
management systems (RDBMSs) are
Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, IBM DB2,
Informix and MySQL.

Java programs communicate with
databases and manipulate their data using
the JDBC™API.
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Introduction

A JDBC driver enables Java applications
to connect to a database in a particular
DBMS and allows programmers to
manipulate that database using the JDBC
API.

JDBC is almost always used with a
relational database. However, it can be
used with any table-based data source.
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JDBC in Use
Java
program
JDBC
connectivity
driver
for Oracle
data processing
utilities
jdbc-odbc
bridge
driver
for Sybase
odbc
driver
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The JDBC-ODBC Bridge

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) is a
Microsoft standard from the mid 1990’s.

It is an API that allows C/C++ programs
to execute SQL inside databases

ODBC is supported by many products.
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The JDBC-ODBC Bridge

The JDBC-ODBC bridge allows Java code
to use the C/C++ interface of ODBC

it means that JDBC can access many
different database products

The layers of translation (Java --> C -->
SQL) can slow down execution.
9
The JDBC-ODBC Bridge

The JDBC-ODBC bridge comes free with
the JDK:
called sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver

The ODBC driver for Microsoft Access
comes with MS Office
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JDBC Pseudo-Code
1) load the JDBC driver
2) Specify the name and location of the
database being used
3) Connect to the database with a
Connection object
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JDBC Pseudo-Code
4) Execute a SQL query using a Statement
object
5) Get the results in a ResultSet object
6) Finish by closing the ResultSet,
Statement and Connection objects
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Pseudo-code as a Diagram
DriveManager
creates
Connection
creates
Statement
creates
SQL
ResultSet
data
Driver
make link
to driver
SQL
data
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RELATIONAL
DATABASES
14
Relational Databases
A relational database is a logical
representation of data that allows the
data to be accessed without
consideration of its physical structure.
 A relational database stores data in tables.

+----+-----------+------------+
| id | firstName | lastName
|
+----+-----------+------------+
| 1 | lama
| nadem
|
| 2 | noor
| salem
|
| 3 | heba
| nasem
|
+----+-----------+------------+
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Relational Database
The books database
Authors table from books database:
Column
Description
authorID
Author's ID number in the database. In the books
database, this integer column is defined as
autoincremented.
For each row inserted in this table, the authorID
value is increased by 1 automatically to ensure
that each row has a unique authorID.
This column represents the table's primary key.
firstName
Author's first name (a string).
lastName
Author's last name (a string).
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Relational Database
The books database
Sample data from the authors table
authorID
firstName
lastName
1
Harvey
Deitel
2
Paul
Deitel
3
Tem
Nieto
4
Sean
Santry
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Relational Database
The books database
publishers table from books database:
Column
Description
publisherID
The publisher's ID number in
the database. This
autoincremented integer is the
table's primary key.
publisherName
The name of the publisher (a
string).
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Relational Database
The books database
Data from the publishers table
publisherID
publisherName
1
Prentice Hall
2
Prentice Hall PTG
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Relational Database
The books database
titles table from books database:
Column
isbn
title
Description
ISBN of the book (a string). The table's primary key.
ISBN is an abbreviation for "International Standard Book
Number"
Title of the book (a string).
editionNumber
Edition number of the book (an integer).
copyright
Copyright year of the book (a string).
publisherID
Publisher's ID number (an integer). A foreign key that relates this
table to the publishers table.
imageFile
Name of the file containing the book's cover image (a string).
price
Suggested retail price of the book (a real number).
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Relational Database
The books database
Sample data from the titles table of books:
isbn
title
0131426443 C How to Program
edition
Number
4
copyright
2004
publisher
ID
image File
1
chtp4.jpg
price
85.00
0130384747 C++ How to Program
4
2003
1
cpphtp4.jpg
85.00
0130461342 Java Web Services for
Experienced
Programmers
1
2003
1
jwsfep1.jpg
54.99
0131483986 Java How to Program
6
2005
1
jhtp6.jpg
85.00
013100252X The Complete C++
Training Course
4
2003
2
cppctc4.jpg
109.99
0130895601 Advanced Java 2 Platform 1
How to Program
2002
1
advjhtp1.jpg
69.95
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Relational Database
The books database
authorISBN table from books
Column
Description
authorID
The author's ID number, a
foreign key to the authors
table.
isbn
The ISBN for a book, a foreign
key to the titles table.
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Relational Database
The books database
Sample data from the authorISBN table of books:
authorID
isbn
authorID
isbn
1
0130895725
2
0139163050
2
0130895725
3
0130829293
2
0132261197
3
0130284173
2
0130895717
3
0130284181
2
0135289106
4
0130895601
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Relational Database
The books database
Table relationships in books
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SQL
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SQL
The SQL keywords are listed below:
• SELECT
• FROM
• WHERE
• GROUP BY
• ORDER BY
• INNER JOIN
• INSERT
• UPDATE
• DELETE
To learn other keywords, you could refer to the SQL reference
guide supplied by the vendor of the RDBMS you are using.
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Basic SELECT Query
A SQL query "selects" rows and columns
from one or more tables in a database.
 Example :

 SELECT authorID, lastName FROM authors
authorID
lastName
1
Deitel
2
Deitel
3
Nieto
4
Santry
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WHERE Clause
SELECT title, editionNumber, copyright
FROM titles
WHERE copyright > 2002
title
Edition
Number
copyright
The Complete C++ Training Course
4
2003
Java How to Program
5
2003
C How to Program
4
2004
Internet and World Wide Web How to 3
Program
2004
Java How to Program
6
2005
C# How to Program
1
2003
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WHERE Clause
SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName
FROM authors
WHERE lastName LIKE '_i%'
authorID
firstName
lastName
3
Tem
Nieto
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ORDER BY Clause
SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName
FROM authors
ORDER BY lastName ASC
authorID
firstName
lastName
1
Harvey
Deitel
2
Paul
Deitel
3
Tem
Nieto
4
Sean
Santry
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Back to our design 



Database designers often split related data into
separate tables to ensure that a database does
not store data redundantly.
For example, the books database has tables
authors and titles.We use an authorISBN table to
store the relationship data between authors and
their corresponding titles.
If we did not separate this information into
individual tables, we would need to include author
information with each entry in the titles table.
This would result in the database storing
duplicate author information for authors who
wrote multiple books.
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INNER JOIN
SELECT firstName, lastName, isbn
FROM authors
INNER JOIN authorISBN
ON authors.authorID = authorISBN.authorID
ORDER BY lastName, firstName
firstName
lastName
isbn
firstName
lastName
isbn
Harvey
Deitel
0130895601
Paul
Deitel
0130895717
Harvey
Deitel
0130284181
Paul
Deitel
0132261197
Harvey
Deitel
0134569555
Paul
Deitel
0130895725
Harvey
Deitel
0139163050
Paul
Deitel
0130829293
Harvey
Deitel
0135289106
Paul
Deitel
0134569555
Harvey
Deitel
0130895717
Paul
Deitel
0130829277
Harvey
Deitel
0130284173
Tem
Nieto
0130161438
Harvey
Deitel
0130829293
Tem
Nieto
013028419x
Paul
Deitel
0130852473
Sean
Santry
0130895601
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INSERT Statement
INSERT INTO authors (firstName, lastName)
VALUES ( 'Sue', 'Smith' )
authorID
firstName
lastName
1
Harvey
Deitel
2
Paul
Deitel
3
Tem
Nieto
4
Sean
Santry
5
Sue
Smith
33
UPDATE Statement
UPDATE authors
SET lastName = 'Jones'
WHERE lastName = 'Smith' AND firstName = 'Sue'
authorID
firstName
lastName
1
Harvey
Deitel
2
Paul
Deitel
3
Tem
Nieto
4
Sean
Santry
5
Sue
Jones
34
DELETE Statement
DELETE FROM authors
WHERE lastName = 'Jones' AND firstName = 'Sue'
authorID
firstName
lastName
1
Harvey
Deitel
2
Paul
Deitel
3
Tem
Nieto
4
Sean
Santry
35
MANIPULATING
DATABASES WITH
JDBC
36
Displaying the authors table from
the books database
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Output:
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