Download ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint

A Presentation About
“Cellular
Respiration”
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Made by:
Roan Hope A. Ocaban
and
Eullene E. Domingo
Made for:
Mr. Jonathan
Gareza (Jong2)
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ADP, ATP and
Cellular
Respiration
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What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds
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Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
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What Does ATP Do for
You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
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How Do We Get Energy From
ATP?
By breaking
the highenergy bonds
between the
last two
phosphates
in ATP
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What is the Process Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
H 2O
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How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
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How is ATP Re-Made?
The reverse of the previous
process occurs.
Another Enzyme is
used!
ATP Synthetase
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The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP
Synthetase
ATP-ase
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When is ATP Made in the
Body?
During a
Process called
Cellular
Respiration
that takes
place in both
Plants &
Animals
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Cellular Respiration
Includes pathways that require
oxygen
 Glucose is oxidized and O2 is
reduced
 Glucose breakdown is therefore
an oxidation-reduction reaction
 Breakdown of one glucose
results in 36 to 38 ATP
molecules

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Overall Equation for
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6
+ 6O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H20 + e- + 36-38ATP’s
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What Type of Process is
Cellular Respiration?
 An
Oxidation-Reduction Process
or REDOX Reaction
 Oxidation of GLUCOSE --> CO2
+ H2O (e- removed from
C6H12O6)
 Reduction O2 to H2O (epassed to O2)
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What Carries the Electrons?

NAD+
(nicotinadenine
dinucleotide) acts
as the energy
carrier
 NAD+ is a
coenzyme
 It’s Reduced to
NADH when it
picks up two
electrons and one
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hydrogen ion
Are There Any Other
Electron Carriers?
 YES!
Another
Coenzyme!
 FAD+ (Flavin
adenine
dinucleotide)
 Reduced to
FADH2
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Other Cellular Respiration
Facts
Metabolic Pathway that breaks down
carbohydrates
 Process is Exergonic as High-energy
Glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O
 Process is also Catabolic because
larger Glucose breaks into smaller
molecules

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What are the Stages of
Cellular Respiration?
 Glycolysis
 The
Krebs Cycle
 The Electron Transport Chain
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Where Does Cellular
Respiration Take Place?
 It
actually
takes place in
two parts of
the cell:
Glycolysis occurs
in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle &
ETC Take place in
the MitochondriaCopyright Cmassengale
Review of Mitochondria
Structure
Smooth outer
Membrane
 Folded inner
membrane
 Folds called
Cristae
 Space inside
cristae called the
Matrix

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Diagram of the Process
Occurs
across
Cristae
Occurs in
Cytoplasm
Occurs in
Matrix
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Glycolysis Summary
Takes place in the Cytoplasm
Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)
Requires input of 2 ATP
Glucose split into two molecules of
Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid
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Glycolysis Summary
Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP
• Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA
and CO2 is removed
•
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Glycolysis
Diagram
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Fermentation
 Occurs when O2 NOT present
(anaerobic)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in
muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Called Alcoholic fermentation in
yeast (produces ethanol)
Nets only 2 ATP
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A Little Krebs Cycle History
Discovered by
Hans Krebs in
1937
 He received the
Nobel Prize in
physiology or
medicine in 1953
for his discovery
 Forced to leave
Germany prior to
WWII because he
was Jewish
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
Krebs Cycle Summary
Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
 Cyclical series of oxidation
reactions that give off CO2 and
produce one ATP per cycle
 Turns twice per glucose molecule
 Produces two ATP
 Takes place in matrix of
mitochondria

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Krebs Cycle Summary
 Each
turn of the Krebs Cycle
also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2,
and 2CO2
 Therefore, For each Glucose
molecule, the Krebs Cycle
produces 6NADH, 2FADH2,
4CO2, and 2ATP
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Krebs Cycle
ATP
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NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH , & 2CO
Electron Transport Chain
Summary
34 ATP Produced
 H2O Produced
 Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial
membrane
 Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to
accept e- from glucose
 NADH = 3 ATP’s
 FADH2 = 2 ATP’s

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Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration (red
arrows) is the main means by
which both plants and animals
utilize energy in the form of
organic compounds that were
previously created
through photosynthesis (gree
n arrow).
Aerobic
respiration requires oxygen in
order to generate energy
(ATP).
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Although carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins can all be
processed and consumed as
reactant, it is the preferred
method of pyruvate breakdown
in glycolysis and requires that
pyruvate enter
themitochondrion in order to be
fully oxidized by the Krebs
cycle.
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The product of this process
is energy in the form of ATP
(Adenosine triphosphate),
by substrate-level
phosphorylation, NADH and F
ADH2.
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Simplified reaction:
C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) → 6
CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)
ΔG = -2880 kJ per mole of
C6H12O6
*The negative ΔG indicates
that the reaction can happen
spontaneously
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The reducing potential of NADH
and FADH2 is converted to more
ATP through an electron
transport chain with oxygen as
the "terminal electron acceptor".
Most of the ATP produced by
aerobic cellular respiration is
made by oxidative
phosphorylation.
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This works by the energy
released in the consumption of
pyruvate being used to create
a chemiosmotic potential by
pumping protons across a
membrane. This potential is
then used to drive ATP
synthase and produce ATP
from ADP and a phosphate
group.
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However, this maximum yield is
never quite reached due to
losses (leaky membranes) as
well as the cost of moving
pyruvate and ADP into the
mitochondrial matrix and
current estimates range around
29 to 30 ATP per glucose.
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Aerobic metabolism is 19 times more
efficient than anaerobic metabolism
(which yields 2 mol ATP per 1 mol
glucose). They share the initial
pathway of glycolysis but aerobic
metabolism continues with the Krebs
cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
The post glycolytic reactions take
place in the mitochondria
in eukaryotic cells, and in
the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells.
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Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration is used by
some microorganisms in which
neither oxygen (aerobic
respiration) nor pyruvate or
pyruvate derivative (fermentation)
is the final electron acceptor.
Rather, an inorganic acceptor (for
example, Sulfur) is used.
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..take a closer look!..
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“Happy Teachers Day
Sir!”
.thank you xah pag’agwanta xmun
nga kagahudun kg pagkasalawayun!
.thank you man kai dmu gid
kme n’learn xmu, especially
ang “BOTANY”!
.it’s a pleasure to have you as a teahcer!
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..thank you man kay gna’try mu gd ang best
mo nga ma share man xmun ang nbal’an
mu..
.pru sir, nd man gd pag’ englisha tnan ai!
Nosebleed kme ia! hehe
Vote! PUERTO GAREZA!!
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