Download Creating the Modern Middle East

debate
PADS & JEDS
DEBATE:
Should Jeds be allowed to immigrate to the Land of Pad?
Tally Mark = Good Argument Point
JEDS
PADS
1.
How did you feel at the beginning of the activity?
2.
How did you feel when I, the Great Power, allowed several
Jeds to immigrate?
3.
Jeds, how did it feel when immigration was restricted?
Pads, how did it feel when immigration for Jeds was
restricted?
4.
How did you feel toward me, the Great Power, when I kept
favoring the Jeds and allowing them to immigrate?
5.
How were your views on immigration affected by the
announcement that millions of Jeds had been killed?
6.
How do you feel now, at the end of the activity
7.
Should the Land of Pad now be one indepdnent country
governed by the majority, or should the land be split into
two separate countries, one for each group? Why?
The “Modern Middle East”
United Kingdom of
Israel…
The United Kingdom of
Israel existed during the
reigns of Saul, David and
Solomon from 1020 BCE to
930 BCE.
The old kingdom is the basis
of modern Zionist territorial
claims to land in the Middle
East and an important factor
in Israel-Palestine disputes.
Jewish tribes were expelled
from Palestine in 586 BCE
by King Nebuchadnezzar of
the Babylonian Empire and
the
area
became
predominantly Arabic and
Islamic after the seventh
century of the Common Era.
Palestine became a province
of the Ottoman Empire
(1301).
Roman Empire…
In the first century AD, Jews lived across the Roman Empire in
relative harmony.
Rebellion in Judaea
Although Judaea was ruled by the Romans, the governors there had
practiced relative religious tolerance. However, Roman tactlessness
and inefficiency, along with famine and internal squabbles, led to a
rise in Jewish discontent.
In 66 AD, this discontent exploded into open rebellion. Four years
later, the Roman army had crushed the revolt, but had also destroyed
the temple. The sacred treasures were seized and shown off in a
procession through the streets of Rome.
The temple in Jerusalem remained the spiritual center of their
worship. The temple had been rebuilt three times. The first was
when it had been destroyed in 587 BC by Nebuchadnezzar II of
Babylonia. The second was when it had been plundered and wrecked
by Judaea’s foreign rulers. The third time, it had been rebuilt by
Herod the Great in 20 BC.
Jewish Diaspora
Destruction of the temple
The destruction of the temple fundamentally changed the nature of
Judaism. Taxes that were once paid to the temple were now paid to
Rome, and the Jewish tradition of worshipping in the temple was
over. With only the Western Wall remaining of the temple in
Jerusalem, the local synagogues now became the new centers of the
Jewish religion.
By the end of the first century BCE, Rome had taken over the
eastern Mediterranean and the Jewish population was spread
through many cities of the east. In the third and fourth centuries
CE there were substantial Jewish settlements in most major
eastern cities and many western provinces as well.
Treaty of Versailles
• After such a devastating war, the victorious Western
Powers imposed a series of harsh treaties upon the
defeated nations:
– Germany
– Ottoman Empire
•
These treaties stripped the Central Powers of substantial
territories and imposed significant reparation payments.
• As a direct result of the war, the German, AustroHungarian, and Ottoman Empires ceased to exist.
• Treaty of Sèvres on August 10, 1920, ending hostilities
with the Allied Powers; but shortly thereafter a Turkish
War of Independence began. The new Republic of Turkey,
established in its aftermath, signed a superseding Treaty
of Lausanne in 1923, effectively partitioning the old
Ottoman Empire.
Regional View
Iraq
Treaty of Versailles
Palestine
…
Leb.
1943: Carved out of
Syria by France
Sunni/ Shi’a/ Kurd
1921: UK put King
Feisal
(outsider) on
throne
1958: Socialist
Baath
Revolution
TransJordan
1921: Feisal’s Bro Abdullah put on
throne (Grandfather of current king)
1951: Abdullah assassinated
Sykes-Picot Agreement:
WWI begins
Ottoman
Empire falls
apart
UK said Arab state would only
be Saudi Arabia and Yemen:
ARAB LEADERS BETRAYED
UK met with Husayn Ibn’ Ali, ruler of
Mecca and Medina
In exchange for help in WWI, UK said
they would support Arab independence &
Arab Unity in the Middle East
Balfour Declaration:
UK support of a JEWISH
homeland.
See Declaration
Allied victory in WWI: Ottoman’s defeated
MANDATES:
UK: Palestine/ Trans-Jordan/ Iraq
France: Lebanon/ Syria
Post Sevres Israel // Palestine Timeline
•
•
•
•
•
Through 1940’s:
– Jewish Migration to Palestine
– Iraq, Jordan and Syria receive independence.
– What about Palestine?
1945:
– End of WWII (Holocaust): Mass Jewish migration
into Palestine.
– Palestine 70% Arab
1947:
– Tensions over land & immigration
– UK consults the UN
– Result? PARTITION! See Map
UN divides Palestine
– ½ Jewish
– ½ Arab
– Jerusalem an international city
5/14/1948:
– Israel declares independence
– Subsequent invasion from Arab forces. Palestine
no longer a country!
• 1948-49 War
• 1967 War
• SEE SHEET
Balfour Declaration
•
•
•
•
•
Foreign Office
November 2nd, 1917
Dear Lord Rothschild,
I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on
behalf of His Majesty's Government, the
following declaration of sympathy with Jewish
Zionist aspirations which has been submitted
to, and approved by, the Cabinet.
"His Majesty's Government view with favour
the establishment in Palestine of a national
home for the Jewish people, and will use their
best endeavours to facilitate the achievement
of this object, it being clearly understood that
nothing shall be done which may prejudice the
civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish
communities in Palestine, or the rights and
political status enjoyed by Jews in any other
country."
I should be grateful if you would bring this
declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist
Federation.
• Yours sincerely,
Arthur James Balfour
Population of Historic Palestine
Year
Non-Jewish Palestinians
Jewish Population
1877
426,908
(97%)
13,942
(3%)
1912
665,840
(95%)
36,267
(5%)
1925
780,568
(85%)
137,484
(15%)
1946
1,339,763
(69%)
602,586
(31%)
–Source: McCarthy, Justin, The Population of Palestine, Columbia University Press: New York, 1990, pp. 10, 35.