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Zoology Final Review
Ch 1 and 2
Taxonomy, spherical symmetry, Carolus Linnaeus, radial symmetry, Taxa, bilateral
symmetry, transverse, Kingdom,, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species,
Binomial Nomenclature, Genus species, 5 Kingdoms, phylogeny, artificial selection,
natural selection, allele frequency, gene pool, population, mutation, vestigial structure,
industrial melanism, variation, Charles Darwin, adaptation, speciation.
Ch 4
Protists, amoeba, paramecium, euglena, volvox, unicellular, symbiotic, mutualistic,
commensalistic, parasitic, fission, pseudopods, cilia, flagella, autotrophic, heterotrophic,
malaria, sporozoites.
Ch 5 and 6
Porifera, sessile, spicules, sponging, radial symmetry, osculum, incurrent canals,
choanocytes, filter feeder, archaeocytes, budding, cnidarians, corals, jellyfish, hydra,
sea anemones, Portuguese Man-of-War, biradial symmetry, oral end, aboral end, polyp
medusa stages, gastrovascular cavity, nematocysts, bioluminescence.
Ch 7 and 8
Platyhelminthes, Hookworm, Flat Worms, Trichinella, Turbellaria, Trichinosis
Planarian, Filarial Worm, free living, Elephantiasis, bilateral symmetry, Hermaphroditic
Trematoda, Fluke, parasitic, Cestoda, Tapeworm, scolex, proglottid, Roundworms
Nematoda, mosquito, symbiosis, commensalism, mutualism
Ch 9 and 10
Phylum Mollusca, (mollusks), invertebrates
Class Gastropoda – snails,
Class Bivalvia – clams and oysters
Class Cephalopoda – squids and octopuses, bilateral symmetry, muscular foot
Class Gastropoda, snails and slugs, one shell (univalve), torsion, radula
Class Bivalvia, clams, oysters, filter feeders (incurrent/excurrent siphons)
Class Cephalopoda, squid and octopus, head/foot, pen, funnel, beaklike jaws
Plylum Annelida, Class Oligochaeta – Earthworms, Class Hirudinea – Leeches, Class
Polychaeta – Marine Worms
Earthworms, setae, hermaphroditic, clitellum, cocoon, burrowing
Also Earthworm and Clam anatomy, Clam Structures – foot, valves, heart, siphons,
mantle, gills
Ch 11
Phylum Arthropoda, jointed legs, segmented bodies, exoskeleton, chitin, molting, head,
thorax, abdomen, tube with in a tube
Class Crustacea, shrimp, crabs, lobsters,crayfish, marine, freshwater, cephalothorax,
abdomen, 8 walking legs, chelipeds, antennae, uropod, digestive system, gills,green gland
Class Chilopoda, centipedes, Class Diplopoda, millipedes
Class Insecta, three body regions, six legs, some have wings, spiracles, trachea
Gradual metamorphosis, Egg-Nymph-Adult
Complete metamorphosis, Egg-Larva-Pupa-Adult
Class Arachnida, spiders, scorpions, ticks, two body regions, eight legs, eat liquids, book
lungs, spinnerets
Ch 13 and 15
Phylum Echinodermata, starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumber, radial
symmetry (bilateral as a larva), endoskeleton made of ossicles, complete digestive
system, anus on top (aboral side), mouth on bottom (oral side), separate sexes
Class Asteroidea, starfish (sea star), water vascular system, sieve plate, rring canal, radial
canal, ampulla/tube feet
Phylum Chordata, 3 characteristics of all chordates, 1. notochord 2. hollow nerve cord
3. pharyngeal gill slits
Fish – Ectothermic, live in water, have gills – some lungs
Class Agnatha, lamprey and hagfish, no jaw, no paired appendages, lamprey are parasitic
Class Chondrichthyes, sharks, skates and rays, mostly marine, paired fins, internal
fertilization, lay egg cases or have live birth, skeleton of cartilage, sensitive to vibrations
and smells, swim to avoid sinking, placoid scales
Class Osteichthyes, perch, bass, eel, sea horse, bony skeletons, larger brain with better
eye sight, two chambered heart, thin scales, operculum, swim bladder, external
fertilization, lateral line
Paired fins, pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, anal, caudal
Ch 16, 17, 18, and 19
Class Amphibia, tailed and tailless, bony skeleton, 3 chambered heart, 2 pairs of limbs,
thin moist skin for respiration, eggs need a wet environment, larval stage has gills,
metamorphosis.
Class Reptilia, Crocodiles and Alligators, Turtles, Snakes and Lizards, Tuatara, Tough,
dry leathery skin with scales, 3 or 4 chambered heart, land adapted egg, internal
fertilization, lungs throughout life, ectothermic, amniote eggs, amniotic membrane, yolk
sac, allantois, leathery shell allows O2 and CO2 exchange
Class Aves, all birds have feathers, contour and down, wings, modified legs, adapted feet,
hollow bones, 4 chambered heart, advanced lungs, digestion, migration
Class Mammalia, endothermic, 4 chambered heart, diaphragm, mammary glands, hair,
nervous system, monotremes, placenta mammals, marsupials.