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Chapter 2 Section 3: The Legacy of Mesopotamia Study Guide Section 2 Vocabulary Code an organized list of laws and rules Hammurabi The king of Babylon from about 1792 to 1750B.C.; creator of the Babylonian Empire Cuneiform groups of lines and wedges used to write several languages of the Fertile Crescent Key Idea: Hammurabi created a written code of 282 laws that expressed both expectations and punishments. Hammurabi’s Code is the first known organized and recorded set of laws. Because the laws were written, all people could know the rules and punishments. Rules were organized into categories: trade, labor, property, family. o There were rules for adopting children, practicing medicine, hiring wagons and boats, and controlled dangerous animals. Based on the idea of “an eye for an eye.” This means the punishment is similar to the crime. o Example: If a son should strike his father, his hands shall be hewn (cut) off. o Example: If a man has destroyed the eye of a man of the class of gentleman, they shall destroy his eye. The code did NOT apply equally to all people. The punishment depended on how important the victim or lawbreaker was. o The penalty was harsher if the victim was important in society. A person who accidentally broke a law was just as guilty as someone who did it on purpose. Example: If a person died while being treated by a doctor, the doctor was punished. Key Idea: A system of writing developed over time. Writing was developed to keep records. Records included trade and sales, tax payments, gifts for gods, and marriages/deaths. There were also military and government scribes. Scribes wrote on clay tablets. Clay came from the rivers. The size and shape of the tablet depended on the purpose of the writing. o Large tablets- reference materials kept in libraries o Small tablets- personal messages to be transported The first writing, developed in Sumer, was in the form of symbols to represent objects. Cuneiform-groups of lines and wedges used to write several languages. a more flexible system of writing that could represent ideas and facts. could represent different languages with groups of wedges and lines. Ancient writing influenced the writing system of today. Symbols set in rows Read left to right, top to bottom Similar purposes (record keeping, personal messages)